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Reversible Edema in the Penumbra Correlates With Severity of Hypoperfusion

L. Scheldeman 1, 2, 3 A. Wouters 1, 2, 3 P. Dupont 2, 4 S. Christensen 5 F. Boutitie 6, 7, 8 B. Cheng 9 M. Ebinger 10 M. Endres 10 J. B. Fiebach 10 C. Gerloff 11 K. W. Muir 12 N. Nighoghossian 13, 14 S. Pedraza 15 C. Z. Simonsen 16 E. B. Ringelstein 17 A. Chamorro 18 M. Grond 19, 20 R. Laage 21 A. Schneider 22 G. Thomalla 11 V. Thijs 23, 24 R. Lemmens 1, 2, 3
1 University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven]
2 KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
3 Flanders Make [Leuven]
4 LBI - Leuven Brain Institute [Leuven, Belgium]
5 GrayNumber Analytics [Lomma, Sweden]
6 HCL - Hospices Civils de Lyon
7 LBBE - Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558
8 UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
9 NSSC - National Space Science Center [Beijing]
10 Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin]
11 UKE - Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg]
12 University of Glasgow
13 CarMeN - Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition
14 CREATIS - Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé
15 IDIBGI - Girona Biomedical Research Institute [Girona, Spain]
16 Aarhus University Hospital
17 University of Münster
18 University of Barcelona
19 Kreisklinikum Siegen GmbH [Siegen, Germany]
20 Philipps University of Marburg
21 Guided Development Heidelberg GmbH [Heidelberg, Germany]
22 LdSC - Lifedatascience Consulting [Schriesheim, Germany]
23 Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health [Melbourne, Victoria, Australia]
24 Austin Health
Abstract : BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate fluid-attenuated inversion recovery changes in the penumbra. METHODS: We determined core and perfusion lesions in subjects from the WAKE-UP trial (Efficacy and Safety of MRI-Based Thrombolysis in Wake-Up Stroke) and AXIS 2 trial (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke) with perfusion- and diffusion-weighted imaging at baseline. Only subjects with a mismatch volume >15 mL and ratio >1.2 were included. We created voxel-based relative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery signal intensity (rFLAIR SI) maps at baseline and follow-up. We studied rFLAIR SI in 2 regions of interest: baseline penumbra (baseline perfusion lesion−[core lesion+voxels with apparent diffusion coefficient <620 10−6 mm2/s]) and noninfarcted penumbra (baseline perfusion lesion−follow-up fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesion) at 24 hours (WAKE-UP) or 30 days (AXIS 2). We analyzed the association between rFLAIR SI and severity of hypoperfusion, defined as time to maximum of the residue function. RESULTS: In the baseline penumbra, rFLAIR SI was elevated (ratio, 1.04; P=1.7×10−13; n=126) and correlated with severity of hypoperfusion (Pearson r, 0.03; P<1.0×10−4; n=126). In WAKE-UP, imaging at 24 hours revealed a further increase of rFLAIR SI in the noninfarcted penumbra (ratio, 1.05 at 24 hours versus 1.03 at baseline; P=7.1×10−3; n=43). In AXIS 2, imaging at 30 days identified reversibility of the rFLAIR SI (ratio, 1.02 at 30 days versus 1.04 at baseline; P=1.5×10−3; n=26) since it was no longer different from 1 (ratio, 1.01 at 30 days; P=0.099; n=26). CONCLUSIONS: Penumbral rFLAIR SI increases appear early after stroke onset, correlate with severity of hypoperfusion, further increase at 24 hours, and are reversible by 30 days. REGISTRATION: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01525290. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00927836. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: An online graphic abstract is available for this article.
Keywords : follow-up studies humans ischemic stroke magnetic resonance imaging perfusion
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https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-03452102
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Submitted on : Friday, November 26, 2021 - 5:35:31 PM
Last modification on : Wednesday, December 1, 2021 - 3:40:28 AM

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UNIV-LYON1 | CARMEN | INSERM | HCL | BIOENVIS | UNIV-ST-ETIENNE | INSA-GROUPE | UDL | INRAE | CREATIS | INRIA | INSA-LYON | CNRS

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L. Scheldeman, A. Wouters, P. Dupont, S. Christensen, F. Boutitie, et al.. Reversible Edema in the Penumbra Correlates With Severity of Hypoperfusion. Stroke, American Heart Association, 2021, 52 (7), pp.2338-2346. ⟨10.1161/strokeaha.120.033071⟩. ⟨inserm-03452102⟩

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