DNA methylation and body mass index from birth to adolescence: meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies
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Gemma Sharp
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 799479
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2906-4035
Cancan Qi
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 803451
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3825-5802
Olena Gruzieva
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 791623
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4147-5654
Samuli Tuominen
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 806401
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1879-0739
Paul Yousefi
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 806402
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3284-3240
Elisabeth Binder
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 763104
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7088-6618
Darina Czamara
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 764411
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7381-904X
Veit Grote
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 795612
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7168-2385
Dariusz Gruszfeld
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 802290
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2414-4928
Carlos Ruiz-Arenas
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 806382
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6014-3498
Elvira Verduci
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 802288
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2111-3111
Jari Lahti
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 775392
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4310-5297
Martine Vrijheid
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 763761
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7090-1758
- IdRef : 225451581
Rae-Chi Huang
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 795613
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8464-6639
Stephanie London
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 759648
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4911-5290
Mariona Bustamante
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 791009
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0127-2860
Marie-France Hivert
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 773567
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7752-2585
Andrea Baccarelli
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 756587
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3436-0640
Janine Felix
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 801129
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9801-5774
Abstract
Background
DNA methylation has been shown to be associated with adiposity in adulthood. However, whether similar DNA methylation patterns are associated with childhood and adolescent body mass index (BMI) is largely unknown. More insight into this relationship at younger ages may have implications for future prevention of obesity and its related traits.
Methods
We examined whether DNA methylation in cord blood and whole blood in childhood and adolescence was associated with BMI in the age range from 2 to 18 years using both cross-sectional and longitudinal models. We performed meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies including up to 4133 children from 23 studies. We examined the overlap of findings reported in previous studies in children and adults with those in our analyses and calculated enrichment.
Results
DNA methylation at three CpGs (cg05937453, cg25212453, and cg10040131), each in a different age range, was associated with BMI at Bonferroni significance, P < 1.06 × 10−7, with a 0.96 standard deviation score (SDS) (standard error (SE) 0.17), 0.32 SDS (SE 0.06), and 0.32 BMI SDS (SE 0.06) higher BMI per 10% increase in methylation, respectively. DNA methylation at nine additional CpGs in the cross-sectional childhood model was associated with BMI at false discovery rate significance. The strength of the associations of DNA methylation at the 187 CpGs previously identified to be associated with adult BMI, increased with advancing age across childhood and adolescence in our analyses. In addition, correlation coefficients between effect estimates for those CpGs in adults and in children and adolescents also increased. Among the top findings for each age range, we observed increasing enrichment for the CpGs that were previously identified in adults (birth Penrichment = 1; childhood Penrichment = 2.00 × 10−4; adolescence Penrichment = 2.10 × 10−7).
Conclusions
There were only minimal associations of DNA methylation with childhood and adolescent BMI. With the advancing age of the participants across childhood and adolescence, we observed increasing overlap with altered DNA methylation loci reported in association with adult BMI. These findings may be compatible with the hypothesis that DNA methylation differences are mostly a consequence rather than a cause of obesity.
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