The Urban Exposome during Pregnancy and Its Socioeconomic Determinants
Oliver Robinson
(1, 2, 3, 4)
,
Ibon Tamayo
(2, 3, 4)
,
Montserrat de Castro
(2, 3, 4)
,
Antonia Valentin
(2, 3, 4)
,
Lise Giorgis-Allemand
(5)
,
Norun Hjertager Krog
(6)
,
Gunn Marit Aasvang
(6)
,
Albert Ambros
(2, 3, 4)
,
Ferran Ballester
(4, 7, 8, 9)
,
Pippa Bird
(10, 10)
,
Leda Chatzi
(11, 12, 13)
,
Marta Cirach
(2, 3, 4)
,
Audrius Dėdelė
(14)
,
David Donaire-Gonzalez
(2, 3, 4)
,
Regina Gražuleviciene
(14)
,
Minas Iakovidis
(11)
,
Jesus Ibarluzea
(4, 15, 16, 17)
,
Mariza Kampouri
(11)
,
Johanna Lepeule
(5)
,
Léa Maitre
(2, 3, 4)
,
Rosie Mceachan
(10, 10)
,
Bente Oftedal
(6)
,
Valerie Siroux
(18, 5)
,
Rémy Slama
(5)
,
Euripides Stephanou
(11)
,
Jordi Sunyer
(2, 3, 4)
,
Jose Urquiza
(2, 3, 4)
,
Kjell Vegard Weyde
(6)
,
John Wright
(10, 10)
,
Martine Vrijheid
(2, 3, 4)
,
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
(2, 3, 4)
,
Xavier Basagaña
(2, 3, 4)
1
Imperial College London
2 ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona]
3 UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]
4 CIBERESP - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública = Consortium for Biomedical Research of Epidemiology and Public Health
5 IAB - Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble)
6 NIPH - Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo]
7 FISABIO - Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana [Espagne]
8 Universitat Jaume I = Jaume I University
9 UV - Universitat de València
10 BIHR - Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
11 UOC - University of Crete [Heraklion]
12 USC - University of Southern California
13 Maastricht University [Maastricht]
14 VDU - Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas
15 Biodonostia Institute [San Sebastian, Espagne]
16 UPV / EHU - University of the Basque Country = Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
17 Basque Government [San Sebastien, Spain]
18 UGA [2016-2019] - Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019]
2 ISGlobal - Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona]
3 UPF - Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]
4 CIBERESP - Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública = Consortium for Biomedical Research of Epidemiology and Public Health
5 IAB - Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble)
6 NIPH - Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo]
7 FISABIO - Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana [Espagne]
8 Universitat Jaume I = Jaume I University
9 UV - Universitat de València
10 BIHR - Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
11 UOC - University of Crete [Heraklion]
12 USC - University of Southern California
13 Maastricht University [Maastricht]
14 VDU - Vytautas Magnus University - Vytauto Didziojo Universitetas
15 Biodonostia Institute [San Sebastian, Espagne]
16 UPV / EHU - University of the Basque Country = Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
17 Basque Government [San Sebastien, Spain]
18 UGA [2016-2019] - Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019]
Oliver Robinson
- Fonction : Auteur
Lise Giorgis-Allemand
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 178022
- IdHAL : lise-giorgis-allemand
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5721-7046
- IdRef : 223764574
Ferran Ballester
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 771699
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6165-3465
Jesus Ibarluzea
- Fonction : Auteur
Bente Oftedal
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 806109
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0095-6825
Rémy Slama
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 11249
- IdHAL : remy-slama
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8980-8529
- IdRef : 088095169
Martine Vrijheid
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 763761
- ORCID : 0000-0002-7090-1758
- IdRef : 225451581
Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 759654
- ORCID : 0000-0001-9461-7981
- IdRef : 20063870X
Résumé
Background: The urban exposome is the set of environmental factors that are experienced in the outdoor urban environment and that may influence child development.
Objective: The authors' goal was to describe the urban exposome among European pregnant women and understand its socioeconomic determinants.
Methods: Using geographic information systems, remote sensing and spatio-temporal modeling we estimated exposure during pregnancy to 28 environmental indicators in almost 30,000 women from six population-based birth cohorts, in nine urban areas from across Europe. Exposures included meteorological factors, air pollutants, traffic noise, traffic indicators, natural space, the built environment, public transport, facilities, and walkability. Socioeconomic position (SEP), assessed at both the area and individual level, was related to the exposome through an exposome-wide association study and principal component (PC) analysis.
Results: Mean±standard deviation (SD) NO2 levels ranged from 13.6±5.1 μg/m3 (in Heraklion, Crete) to 43.2±11 μg/m3 (in Sabadell, Spain), mean±SD walkability score ranged from 0.22±0.04 (Kaunas, Lithuania) to 0.32±0.07 (Valencia, Spain) and mean±SD Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ranged from 0.21±0.05 in Heraklion to 0.51±0.1 in Oslo, Norway. Four PCs explained more than half of variation in the urban exposome. There was considerable heterogeneity in social patterning of the urban exposome across cities. For example, high-SEP (based on family education) women lived in greener, less noisy, and less polluted areas in Bradford, UK (0.39 higher PC1 score, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31, 0.47), but the reverse was observed in Oslo (-0.57 PC1 score, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.41). For most cities, effects were stronger when SEP was assessed at the area level: In Bradford, women living in high SEP areas had a 1.34 higher average PC1 score (95% CI: 1.21, 1.48).
Conclusions: The urban exposome showed considerable variability across Europe. Pregnant women of low SEP were exposed to higher levels of environmental hazards in some cities, but not others, which may contribute to inequities in child health and development. https://doi-org.proxy.insermbiblio.inist.fr/10.1289/EHP2862.
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