K. Watt, E. Waddle, and R. Jhaveri, Changing epidemiology of 463 serious bacterial infections in febrile infants without localizing signs

, PLoS One, vol.5, issue.8, p.12448, 2010.

N. Shaikh, N. E. Morone, J. E. Bost, and M. H. Farrell, Prevalence of 466 urinary tract infection in childhood: a meta-analysis, Pediatr Infect, p.467

J. Dis, , vol.27, pp.302-310, 2008.

G. Kourlaba, E. Kourkouni, N. Spyridis, J. S. Gerber, and J. Kopsidas, , p.469

K. Mougkou, Antibiotic prescribing and expenditures in 470 outpatient paediatrics in Greece, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.471, issue.8, pp.2405-2413, 2015.

A. Bryce, A. D. Hay, I. F. Lane, H. V. Thornton, and M. Wootton, , p.473

C. Costelloe, Global prevalence of antibiotic resistance in paediatric, vol.474, p.27

, urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli and association 475 with routine use of antibiotics in primary care: systematic review 476 and meta-analysis, BMJ, vol.352, p.939, 2016.

P. J. Lukac, R. A. Bonomo, and L. K. Logan, Extended-spectrum beta-478 lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in children: old foe, 479 emerging threat, Clin Infect Dis, vol.60, issue.9, pp.1389-97, 2015.

S. Miyakis, A. Pefanis, and A. Tsakris, The challenges of 481 antimicrobial drug resistance in Greece, Clin Infect Dis, vol.482, issue.2, pp.177-84, 2011.

T. Karampatakis, C. Antachopoulos, A. Tsakris, and E. Roilides,

, Molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter 485 baumannii in Greece: an extended review, vol.486, 2000.

. Microbiol, , vol.12, pp.801-816, 2017.

E. Mantadakis, E. K. Vouloumanou, M. Panopoulou, and T. ,

E. , T. A. Chatzimichael, and A. , Susceptibility patterns of 489 uropathogens identified in hospitalised children with community-490 acquired urinary tract infections in Thrace, J Glob, p.491

, Antimicrob Resist, vol.3, issue.2, pp.85-90, 2015.

M. Anatoliotaki, E. Galanakis, A. Schinaki, and S. Stefanaki, , p.493

M. Mavrokosta, A. Tsilimigaki, M. E. Falagas, M. Polemis, V. G. Alexiou et al., Antimicrobial resistance of urinary 494 tract pathogens in children in Crete, Greece. Scand J Infect Dis, vol.495, issue.8, pp.671-676, 2007.

A. Kremastinou, J. Vatopoulos, and A. C. , Antimicrobial resistance of

. Greece, Med Sci Monit, vol.14, issue.2, pp.75-84, 2008.

J. Dotis, N. Printza, A. Marneri, D. Gidaris, and F. Papachristou,

, Urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum 502 betalactamase-producing bacteria in children: a matched 503 casecontrol study, Turk J Pediatr, vol.55, issue.6, pp.571-575, 2013.

R. Mori, M. Lakhanpaul, and K. Verrier-jones, Diagnosis and 507 management of urinary tract infection in children: summary of NICE 508 guidance, BMJ, vol.335, issue.7616, pp.395-402, 2007.

, Greek National Formulary. National Organization for 510

(. Medicines, . Eof), and . Athens, , 2007.

, Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary for 513, vol.512

, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance 516 standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; nineteenth 517 informational supplement. Document M100-S19, London: BMJ Group, vol.515, p.519, 2009.

A. Resistance, Accessed, vol.24, 2015.

A. Versporten, J. Bielicki, N. Drapier, and M. Sharland,

H. and G. Ap, The Worldwide Antibiotic Resistance and Prescribing 524 in European Children (ARPEC) point prevalence survey: developing 525 hospital-quality indicators of antibiotic prescribing for children, J, vol.526

, Antimicrob Chemother, vol.71, issue.4, pp.1106-1123, 2016.

P. Zarb and H. Goossens, European Surveillance of Antimicrobial 528

, Consumption (ESAC): value of a point-prevalence survey of 529 antimicrobial use across, Europe. Drugs, vol.71, issue.6, pp.745-55, 2011.

A. J. Hsu and P. D. Tamma, Treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-531 negative infections in children, Clin Infect Dis, vol.58, issue.10, pp.1439-1487, 2014.

S. M. Finnell, A. E. Carroll, and S. M. Downs,

I. Tract, Technical report-Diagnosis and management of an initial 534 UTI in febrile infants and young children, Pediatrics, vol.535, issue.3, pp.749-70, 2011.

, Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Empirical Treatment 538 of Infections, 2015.

, World Health Organization (WHO)

, Destache CJ. Aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity--a 545 focus on monitoring: a review of literature, Essential Medicines for Children-6th List, vol.544, pp.562-568, 2014.

N. U. Aksu, Z. Ekinci, D. Dündar, and C. Baydemir, Childhood, vol.548

, Urinary Tract Infection Caused by Extended-Spectrum ?-549

, Lactamase-Producing Bacteria: Risk Factors and Empiric Therapy

, Pediatr Int, vol.59, issue.2, pp.176-80, 2016.

A. Birgy, C. Levy, P. Bidet, F. Thollot, V. Derkx et al.,

, ESBL-producing Escherichia coli ST131 versus non-ST131: 553 evolution and risk factors of carriage among French children in the 554 community between 2010 and 2015, J Antimicrob Chemother, vol.555, issue.10, pp.2949-56, 2016.

I. Rubio-perez, E. Martin-perez, D. D. Garcia, and M. L. Calvo, , p.557

E. L. Barrera, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria 558 in a tertiary care hospital in Madrid: epidemiology, risk factors and 559 antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, Emerg Health Threats J, vol.560

, The Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics, 2003.

, Framework for Use of Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in the 563 Development of Standard Treatment Guidelines. Under Subcontract 564 with the Rational Pharmaceutical Management Plus Program at the 565

, Management Sciences for Health, vol.566, 2018.

M. Grabe, . Br, T. E. Bjerklund-johansen, T. Cai, M. Çek et al.,

, European Association of Urology. Guidelines on Urological, vol.572, p.24, 2015.

Y. Strohmeier, E. M. Hodson, N. S. Willis, A. C. Webster, and J. C. Craig,

, Antibiotics for acute pyelonephritis in children, Cochrane Database, vol.577

P. N. Britton, Antibiotic duration and timing of the switch from 580 intravenous to oral route for bacterial infections in children: 581 systematic review and guidelines, Lancet Infect Dis, vol.582, issue.8, pp.139-52, 2016.

B. Dean, M. Schachter, C. Vincent, and N. Barber, Causes of 584 prescribing errors in hospital inpatients: a prospective study

, Lancet, vol.359, issue.9315, pp.1373-1381, 2002.

K. Dalton and S. Byrne, Role of the pharmacist in reducing 587 healthcare costs: current insights, Integr Pharm Res Pract, vol.588, pp.37-46, 2017.

A. Bryce, C. Costelloe, M. Wootton, C. C. Butler, and A. D. Hay,

, Comparison of risk factors for, and prevalence of, antibiotic 591 resistance in contaminating and pathogenic urinary Escherichia coli 592 in children in primary care: prospective cohort study, J Antimicrob, p.593

. Chemother, , vol.73, pp.1359-67, 2018.

E. Y. Seo, S. M. Cho, D. S. Lee, S. M. Choi, and D. K. Kim, Clinical Study 595 of Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli in Urinary, vol.596, p.32

, Tract Infection in Children: A 9-year Retrospective, p.597

. Experience, Child Kidney Dis, vol.21, issue.2, pp.121-128, 2017.

Y. Yilmaz, Z. Tekkanat-tazegun, E. Aydin, and M. Dulger, , p.599

, Uropathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Their Resistance 600

, Iranian Red Crescent medical 601 journal, vol.18, p.26610, 2016.

L. A. Degnan, A. M. Milstone, M. Diener-west, and C. K. Lee,

, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Bacteria From Urine Isolates 604 in Children, J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther, vol.20, issue.5, pp.373-380, 2015.

M. E. Flokas, M. Detsis, M. Alevizakos, E. Mylonakis, B. T. Van-der-meeren et al., Prevalence 606 of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in paediatric urinary tract 607 infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis, J Infect, vol.608, issue.6, p.610, 2016.

J. J. Ferro and M. Hilbink, Extremely high prevalence of multi-611 resistance among uropathogens from hospitalised children in Beira, p.612

. Mozambique, Afr Med J, vol.103, issue.6, pp.382-388, 2013.

L. K. Logan, Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae: an 614 emerging problem in children, Clin Infect Dis, vol.55, issue.6, p.41, 2012.

K. Chiotos, J. H. Han, and P. D. Tamma, , p.616

, Enterobacteriaceae Infections in Children. Curr Infect Dis Rep, vol.617, issue.1, 2016.