COVID-19: what has been learned and to be learned about the novel coronavirus disease, Int J Biol Sci, vol.16, issue.10, pp.1753-1766, 2020. ,
Potential Treatments for COVID-19; a Narrative Literature Review, Arch Acad Emerg Med, vol.8, issue.1, p.29, 2020. ,
A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin, Nature, vol.579, issue.7798, pp.270-273, 2020. ,
, World Health Organization, 2020.
Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China, N Engl J Med, 2020. ,
The Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) From Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases: Estimation and Application, Ann Intern Med, 2020. ,
The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2, Nat Microbiol, vol.5, pp.536-544, 2020. ,
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study, Lancet Lond Engl, vol.395, pp.507-513, 2020. ,
Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in human: a descriptive study, Chin Med J (Engl), 2020. ,
The COVID-19 epidemic, Trop Med Int Health, vol.25, issue.3, pp.278-280, 2020. ,
Coronavirus envelope protein: current knowledge, Virol J, vol.16, issue.1, p.69, 2019. ,
Molecular Evolution of Human Coronavirus Genomes, Trends Microbiol, vol.25, issue.1, pp.35-48, 2017. ,
Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses, Trends Microbiol, vol.24, issue.6, pp.490-502, 2016. ,
Coronavirus infections: Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features and hypotheses, Cell Stress, vol.4, issue.4, pp.66-75, 2020. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-02545522
SARS and MERS: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses, Nat Rev Microbiol, vol.14, issue.8, pp.523-534, 2016. ,
, , 2020.
, Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses, Int J Biol Sci, vol.16, issue.10, pp.1686-1697
Autophagy: machinery and regulation, Microb Cell, vol.3, issue.12, pp.588-596, 2016. ,
Induction of autophagy by spermidine promotes longevity, Nat Cell Biol, vol.11, issue.11, pp.1305-1314, 2009. ,
Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Disease, Cell, vol.132, issue.1, pp.27-42, 2008. ,
A Diversity of Selective Autophagy Receptors Determines the Specificity of the Autophagy Pathway, Mol Cell, vol.76, issue.2, pp.268-285, 2019. ,
Cargo recognition and trafficking in selective autophagy, Nat Cell Biol, vol.16, issue.6, pp.495-501, 2014. ,
Cargo recognition and degradation by selective autophagy, Nat Cell Biol, vol.20, issue.3, pp.233-242, 2018. ,
, , 2018.
, Selective Autophagy and Xenophagy in Infection and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol, vol.6, p.147
, , 2015.
, Autophagy restricts HIV-1 infection by selectively degrading Tat in CD4+ T lymphocytes, J Virol, vol.89, issue.1, pp.615-625
Autophagy plays an important role in the containment of HIV-1 in nonprogressor-infected patients, Autophagy, vol.10, issue.7, pp.1167-1178, 2014. ,
TRIM23 mediates virus-induced autophagy via activation of TBK1, Nat Microbiol, vol.2, issue.11, pp.1543-1557, 2017. ,
A neuron-specific role for autophagy in antiviral defense against herpes simplex virus, Cell Host Microbe, vol.12, issue.3, pp.334-345, 2012. ,
Autophagy during viral infection -a double-edged sword, Nat Rev Microbiol, vol.16, issue.6, pp.341-354, 2018. ,
The Interaction between Nidovirales and Autophagy Components, Viruses, vol.9, issue.7, p.182, 2017. ,
SARS-Coronavirus Open Reading Frame-8b triggers intracellular stress pathways and activates NLRP3 inflammasomes, Cell Death Discov, vol.5, p.101, 2019. ,
SARS-Coronavirus Open Reading Frame-3a drives multimodal necrotic cell death, Cell Death Dis, vol.9, issue.9, p.904, 2018. ,
, SKP2 attenuates autophagy through Beclin1-ubiquitination and its inhibition reduces MERS-Coronavirus infection, vol.10, 2019.
Viruses and the Autophagy Pathway, Virology, vol.479, pp.450-456, 2015. ,
Autophagy and the endo/exosomal pathways in health and disease, Biotechnol J, vol.12, issue.1, p.1600175, 2017. ,
RNA replication of mouse hepatitis virus takes place at doublemembrane vesicles, J Virol, vol.76, issue.8, pp.3697-3708, 2002. ,
Targeting membrane-bound viral RNA synthesis reveals potent inhibition of diverse coronaviruses including the middle East respiratory syndrome virus, PLoS Pathog, vol.10, issue.5, p.1004166, 2014. ,
SARScoronavirus replication is supported by a reticulovesicular network of modified endoplasmic reticulum, PLoS Biol, vol.6, issue.9, p.226, 2008. ,
Coronavirus replication complex formation utilizes components of cellular autophagy, J Biol Chem, vol.279, issue.11, pp.10136-10141, 2004. ,
Identification and Characterization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replicase Proteins, J Virol, vol.78, issue.18, pp.9977-9986, 2004. ,
Mitophagy in TGEV infection counteracts oxidative stress and apoptosis, Oncotarget, vol.7, issue.19, pp.27122-27141, 2016. ,
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Induces Autophagy to Benefit Its Replication, Viruses, vol.9, issue.3, p.53, 2017. ,
Coronaviruses Hijack the LC3-I-positive EDEMosomes, ER-derived vesicles exporting short-lived ERAD regulators, for replication, Cell Host Microbe, vol.7, issue.6, pp.500-508, 2010. ,
Coronavirus replication does not require the autophagy gene ATG5, Autophagy, vol.3, issue.6, pp.581-585, 2007. ,
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication is severely impaired by MG132 due to proteasomeindependent inhibition of M-calpain, J Virol, vol.86, issue.18, pp.10112-10122, 2012. ,
Ultrastructure and Origin of Membrane Vesicles Associated with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication Complex, J Virol, vol.80, issue.12, pp.5927-5940, 2006. ,
, Autophagy Negatively Regulates Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Replication. Sci Rep, vol.6, p.23864, 2016.
Rapamycin-induced autophagy restricts porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infectivity in porcine intestinal epithelial cells, 2017. ,
, Antiviral Res, vol.146, pp.86-95
Autophagy and viruses: adversaries or allies?, J Innate Immun, vol.5, issue.5, pp.480-493, 2013. ,
LC3-associated phagocytosis at a glance, J Cell Sci, vol.132, issue.5, 2019. ,
Alternative autophagy, brefeldin A and viral trafficking pathways, Autophagy, vol.12, issue.9, pp.1429-1430, 2016. ,
Discovery of Atg5/Atg7-independent alternative macroautophagy, Nature, vol.461, issue.7264, pp.654-658, 2009. ,
Unsaturated fatty acids induce non-canonical autophagy, EMBO J, vol.34, issue.8, pp.1025-1041, 2015. ,
Antiviral potential of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling modulation for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection as identified by temporal kinome analysis, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.59, issue.2, pp.1088-1099, 2015. ,
Coronavirus nsp6 proteins generate autophagosomes from the endoplasmic reticulum via an omegasome intermediate, Autophagy, vol.7, issue.11, pp.1335-1347, 2011. ,
Coronavirus NSP6 restricts autophagosome expansion, Autophagy, vol.10, issue.8, pp.1426-1441, 2014. ,
Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel humanpathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan, Emerg Microbes Infect, vol.9, issue.1, pp.221-236, 2020. ,
Coronavirus membrane-associated papain-like proteases induce autophagy through interacting with Beclin1 to negatively regulate antiviral innate immunity, Protein Cell, vol.5, issue.12, pp.912-927, 2014. ,
New advances in our understanding of the "unique" RNase L in host pathogen interaction and immune signaling, Cytokine, 2016. ,
The structural and accessory proteins M, ORF 4a, ORF 4b, and ORF 5 of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are potent interferon antagonists, Protein Cell, vol.4, issue.12, pp.951-961, 2013. ,
IFNB1/interferon-?-induced autophagy in MCF-7 breast cancer cells counteracts its proapoptotic function, Autophagy, vol.9, issue.3, pp.287-302, 2013. ,
Attenuation of replication by a 29 nucleotide deletion in SARScoronavirus acquired during the early stages of human-to-human transmission, Sci Rep, vol.8, issue.1, p.15177, 2018. ,
Accessory proteins of SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses, Antiviral Res, vol.109, pp.97-109, 2014. ,
Chloroquine is a potent inhibitor of SARS coronavirus infection and spread, Virol J, vol.2, p.69, 2005. ,
Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial, Int J Antimicrob Agents, vol.105949, 2020. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02525126
Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro, Cell Res, vol.30, issue.3, pp.269-271, 2020. ,
Regulators split on antimalarials for COVID-19, The Lancet, vol.395, p.1179, 2020. ,
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in covid-19, BMJ, vol.369, p.1432, 2020. ,
Should chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review, BJGP Open, 2020. ,
Chloroquine inhibits autophagic flux by decreasing autophagosome-lysosome fusion, Autophagy, vol.14, issue.8, pp.1435-1455, 2018. ,
SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor, Cell, vol.181, issue.2, pp.271-280, 2020. ,
Targeting endosomal acidification by chloroquine analogs as a promising strategy for the treatment of emerging viral diseases, Pharmacol Res Perspect, vol.5, issue.1, p.293, 2017. ,
Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein, Cell, vol.181, issue.2, pp.281-292, 2020. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-02546518
Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-resident glucosidases impairs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63 spike pro-Microbial Cell, vol.7, 2015. ,
, tein-mediated entry by altering the glycan processing of angiotensin Iconverting enzyme 2, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, vol.59, issue.1, pp.206-216
Chloroquine is a potent pulmonary vasodilator that attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension, Br J Pharmacol, vol.174, issue.22, pp.4155-4172, 2017. ,
The Nutrient-Responsive Transcription Factor TFE3, Promotes Autophagy, Lysosomal Biogenesis, and Clearance of Cellular Debris, Sci Signal, vol.7, issue.309, p.9, 2014. ,
The transcription factor TFEB links mTORC1 signaling to transcriptional control of lysosome homeostasis, Sci Signal, vol.5, issue.228, p.42, 2012. ,
A SARS-CoV-2-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals Drug Targets and Potential Drug-Repurposing. bioRxiv, vol.3, 2020. ,
Adapting the Stress Response: Viral Subversion of the mTOR Signaling Pathway, Viruses, vol.8, issue.6, p.152, 2016. ,
Comprehending a Killer: The Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways Are Temporally High-Jacked by the Highly Pathogenic 1918 Influenza Virus, EBioMedicine, vol.32, pp.142-163, 2018. ,
Analysis of SARS-CoV-2-controlled autophagy reveals spermidine, MK-2206, and niclosamide as putative antiviral therapeutics, 2020. ,
, Version 1, 2020.
Functions of Polyamines in Mammals, J Biol Chem, vol.291, issue.29, pp.14904-14912, 2016. ,
Spermidine in health and disease, Science, vol.359, issue.6374, p.2788, 2018. ,
Cardioprotection and lifespan extension by the natural polyamine spermidine, Nat Med, vol.22, issue.12, pp.1428-1438, 2016. ,
Spermidine and resveratrol induce autophagy by distinct pathways converging on the acetylproteome, J Cell Biol, vol.192, issue.4, pp.615-629, 2011. ,
Restoring polyamines protects from age-induced memory impairment in an autophagy-dependent manner, Nat Neurosci, vol.16, issue.10, pp.1453-1460, 2013. ,
Chloride accumulation and swelling in endosomes enhances DNA transfer by polyamine-DNA polyplexes, J Biol Chem, vol.278, issue.45, pp.44826-44831, 2003. ,
Polyamines and Their Role in Virus Infection, Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, vol.81, issue.4, pp.29-46, 2017. ,
Interferon-Induced Spermidine-Spermine Acetyltransferase and Polyamine Depletion Restrict Zika and Chikungunya Viruses, Cell Host Microbe, vol.20, issue.2, pp.167-177, 2016. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01373232
The Interplay Between Pattern Recognition Receptors and Autophagy in Inflammation, Adv Exp Med Biol, vol.1209, pp.79-108, 2019. ,
Pathogen recognition and innate immunity, Cell, vol.124, issue.4, pp.783-801, 2006. ,
, , 2005.
, Autophagy Promotes MHC Class II Presentation of Peptides from Intracellular Source Proteins, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.102, issue.22, pp.7922-7927
Autophagy Beyond Intracellular MHC Class II Antigen Presentation, Trends Immunol, vol.37, issue.11, pp.755-763, 2016. ,
, , 2009.
, Autophagy enhances the presentation of endogenous viral antigens on MHC class I molecules during HSV-1 infection, Nat Immunol, vol.10, issue.5, pp.480-487
The relationship between autophagy and the immune system and its applications for tumor immunotherapy, Mol Cancer, vol.18, issue.1, p.17, 2019. ,
Caloric Restriction Mimetics Enhance Anticancer Immunosurveillance, Cancer Cell, vol.30, issue.1, pp.147-160, 2016. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01431196
, , 2014.
, Autophagy is a critical regulator of memory CD8+ T cell formation
Polyamines Control eIF5A, 2019. ,
, Mol Cell, vol.76, issue.1, pp.110-125
Autophagy and inflammasomes, Mol Immunol, vol.86, pp.10-15, 2017. ,
, Secretory autophagy, vol.35, pp.106-116, 2015.
Human placental trophoblasts confer viral resistance to recipient cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.110, issue.29, pp.12048-12053, 2013. ,
Human TANK-binding kinase 1 is required for early autophagy induction upon herpes simplex virus 1 infection, J Allergy Clin Immunol, vol.143, issue.2, pp.765-769, 2019. ,
A discovery platform for the identification of caloric restriction mimetics with broad health-improving effects, Autophagy, vol.16, issue.1, pp.188-189, 2020. ,
, , 2019.
, Caloric Restriction Mimetics against Age-Associated Disease: Targets, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential, vol.29, pp.592-610