, CFAS II has been supported by the UK Medical Research Council (Research Grant:G06010220) and received additional support from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), comprehensive clinical research networks in West Anglia, Nottingham City and Nottinghamshire County NHS Primary Care trusts and the dementias and neurodegenerative disease research Network

, Framingham Heart Study (FHS) This work was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study (contracts N01-HC-25195 and HHSN268201500001I)

S. Seshadri and A. , Beiser were also supported by additional grants from the National Institute on Aging (R01AG049607, AG033193, AG033040) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, pp.1-017950

, This research was further supported by funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007e2013) under grant agreement no. 601055, VPH-Dare@IT (FP7-ICT-2011-9e601055); and funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 667375 (Co-STREAM) and under grant agreement no. 678543 (European Research Council (ERC) funded project: ORA-CLE). None of the funding organizations or sponsors were involved in study design, in collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication; The 3-Cites Study This study is conducted under a partnership agreement among the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the Victor Segalen-Bordeaux II University, and Sanofi-Aventis. The Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale funded the preparation and initiation of the study. The 3C Study is also supported by the Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, Welfare and Sports, the European Commission (DG XII), and the Municipality of Rotterdam. Further support was obtained from the Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing and the Dutch Heart Foundation, 1111.

M. Prince, R. Bryce, E. Albanese, A. Wimo, W. Ribeiro et al., The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Alzheimer's Dement J Alzheimer's Assoc, vol.9, 2013.

M. D. Hurd, P. Martorell, A. Delavande, K. J. Mullen, and K. M. Langa, Monetary costs of dementia in the United States, New Engl J Med, vol.368, issue.14, pp.1326-1360, 2013.

L. Grasset, C. Brayne, P. Joly, H. Jacqmin-gadda, K. Peres et al., Trends in dementia incidence: evolution over a 10-year period in France. Alzheimer's Dement J Alzheimer's Assoc, vol.12, pp.272-80, 2016.

F. E. Matthews, B. C. Stephan, L. Robinson, C. Jagger, L. E. Barnes et al., A two decade dementia incidence comparison from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies I and II, Nat Commun, vol.7, p.11398, 2016.

W. A. Rocca, R. C. Petersen, D. S. Knopman, L. E. Hebert, D. A. Evans et al., Trends in the incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and cognitive impairment in the United States. Alzheimer's Dement J Alzheimer's Assoc, vol.7, pp.80-93, 2011.

C. L. Satizabal, A. S. Beiser, V. Chouraki, G. Chene, C. Dufouil et al., Incidence of Dementia over three decades in the Framingham Heart Study, New Engl J Med, vol.374, issue.6, pp.523-555, 2016.

, Trends in the incidence of dementia: design and methods in the Alzheimer Cohorts Consortium 937

E. M. Schrijvers, B. F. Verhaaren, P. J. Koudstaal, A. Hofman, M. A. Ikram et al., Is dementia incidence declining? Trends in dementia incidence since 1990 in the Rotterdam study, Neurology, vol.78, pp.1456-63, 2012.

S. Li, F. Yan, G. Li, C. Chen, W. Zhang et al., Is the dementia rate increasing in Beijing? Prevalence and incidence of dementia 10 years later in an urban elderly population, Acta Psychiatr Scand, vol.115, issue.1, pp.73-82, 2007.

T. Ohara, J. Hata, D. Yoshida, N. Mukai, M. Nagata et al., Trends in dementia prevalence, incidence, and survival rate in a Japanese community, Neurology, vol.88, issue.20, pp.1925-1957, 2017.

T. B. Harris, L. J. Launer, G. Eiriksdottir, O. Kjartansson, P. V. Jonsson et al., Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study: multidisciplinary applied phenomics, Am J Epidemiol, vol.165, issue.9, pp.1076-87, 2007.

T. A. Investigators, The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: design and objectives. The ARIC investigators

, Am J Epidemiol, vol.129, issue.4, pp.687-702, 1989.

L. P. Fried, N. O. Borhani, P. Enright, C. D. Furberg, J. M. Gardin et al., The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale, Ann Epidemiol, vol.1, issue.3, p.90005, 1991.

F. E. Matthews, A. Arthur, L. E. Barnes, J. Bond, C. Jagger et al., A two-decade comparison of prevalence of dementia in individuals aged 65 years and older from three geographical areas of England: results of the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study I and II, Lancet, vol.382, issue.9902, pp.61570-61576, 2013.

T. R. Dawber, G. F. Meadors, and F. E. Moore, Epidemiological approaches to heart disease: the Framingham study, Am J Public Health Nations Health, vol.41, issue.3, pp.279-81, 1951.

M. Feinleib, W. B. Kannel, R. J. Garrison, P. M. Mcnamara, and W. P. Castelli, The Framingham offspring study. Design and preliminary data, Prev Med, vol.4, issue.4, pp.90035-90038, 1975.

G. L. Splansky, D. Corey, Q. Yang, L. D. Atwood, L. A. Cupples et al., The third generation cohort of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study: design, recruitment, and initial examination, Am J Epidemiol, vol.165, issue.11, pp.1328-1363, 2007.

C. Bengtsson, G. Blohme, L. Hallberg, T. Hallstrom, B. Isaksson et al., The study of women in Gothenburg 1968-1969-a population study. General design, purpose and sampling results, Acta Med Scand, vol.193, issue.4, pp.311-319, 1973.

J. F. Dartigues, M. Gagnon, P. Michel, L. Letenneur, D. Commenges et al., The Paquid research program on the epidemiology of dementia. Methods and initial results, Rev Neurol, vol.147, issue.3, pp.225-255, 1991.

A. Hofman, G. G. Brusselle, D. Murad, S. Van-duijn, C. M. Franco et al., The Rotterdam study: 2016 objectives and design update, Eur J Epidemiol

, , vol.30, pp.661-708

C. S. Group, Vascular factors and risk of dementia: design of the Three-City Study and baseline characteristics of the study population, Neuroepidemiology, vol.22, issue.6, pp.316-341, 2003.

D. Lin and L. Wei, The Robust inference for the cox proportional hazards model, J Am Stat Assoc, vol.84, issue.408, pp.1074-1082, 1989.

Y. T. Wu, A. S. Beiser, M. Breteler, L. Fratiglioni, C. Helmer et al., The changing prevalence and incidence of dementia over time-current evidence, Nat Rev Neurol, vol.13, issue.6, pp.327-366, 2017.

B. Winblad, P. Amouyel, S. Andrieu, C. Ballard, C. Brayne et al., Defeating Alzheimer's disease and other dementias: a priority for European science and society, Lancet Neurol, vol.15, issue.5, pp.455-532, 2016.

F. E. Matthews, C. Brayne, J. Lowe, I. Mckeith, S. B. Wharton et al., Epidemiological pathology of dementia: attributable-risks at death in the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study, PLoS Med, vol.6, issue.11, p.1000180, 2009.

D. A. Bennett, R. S. Wilson, Z. Arvanitakis, P. A. Boyle, L. De-toledo-morrell et al., Selected findings from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project, J Alzheimers Dis JAD, vol.33, issue.1, pp.397-403, 2013.