A. Malhotra, Low-tidal-volume ventilation in the acute respiratory distress syndrome, N Engl J Med, vol.357, pp.1113-1133, 2007.

G. Curley, M. M. Contreras, A. D. Nichol, B. D. Higgins, and J. G. Laffey, Hypercapnia and acidosis in sepsis: A double-edged sword?, ANEstHEsioLoGy, vol.112, pp.462-72, 2010.

. Jaber-s, B. Jung, M. Ramonatxo, M. Capdevila, X. Mercier et al., Matecki s: Alteration of the piglet diaphragm contractility in vivo and its recovery after acute hypercapnia, ANEstHEsioLoGy, vol.108, pp.651-659, 2008.

. Schnader-jy, G. Juan, . Howell-s, R. Fitzgerald, and C. Roussos, Arterial Co2 partial pressure affects diaphragmatic function, J Appl Physiol, vol.58, pp.823-832, 1985.

J. Wood, L. D. Davis, and K. , Keamy M 3rd: the effect of respiratory and lactic acidosis on diaphragm function, Am Rev Respir Dis, vol.147, pp.616-625, 1993.

G. Juan, P. Calverley, C. Talamo, J. Schnader, and C. Roussos, Effect of carbon dioxide on diaphragmatic function in human beings, N Engl J Med, vol.310, pp.874-883, 1984.

G. F. Rafferty, L. Harris, M. , P. Mi, A. Greenough et al., Effect of hypercapnia on maximal voluntary ventilation and diaphragm fatigue in normal humans, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.160, issue.5, pp.1567-71, 1999.

, Esau sA: Hypoxic, hypercapnic acidosis decreases tension and increases fatigue in hamster diaphragm muscle in vitro, Am Rev Respir Dis, vol.139, pp.1410-1417, 1989.

J. R. Coast, R. A. Shanely, J. M. Lawler, and R. A. Herb, Lactic acidosis and diaphragmatic function in vitro, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.152, issue.5, pp.1648-52, 1995.

K. D. Philipson, M. M. Bersohn, and N. Ay, Effects of pH on Na+-Ca2+ exchange in canine cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles, Circ Res, vol.50, pp.287-93, 1982.

N. Sperelakis and E. C. Lee, Characterization of (Na+, K+)-AtPase isolated from embryonic chick hearts and cultured chick heart cells, Biochim Biophys Acta, vol.233, pp.562-79, 1971.

C. H. Orchard, . Houser-sr, A. A. Kort, A. Bahinski, M. C. Capogrossi et al., Acidosis facilitates spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release in rat myocardium, J Gen Physiol, vol.90, pp.145-65, 1987.

M. Biais, R. Jouffroy, A. Carillion, . Feldman-s, A. Jobart-malfait et al., Amour J: interaction of metabolic and respiratory acidosis with ? and ?-adrenoceptor stimulation in rat myocardium, ANEstHEsioLoGy, vol.117, pp.1212-1234, 2012.

. Lecarpentier-y, D. Chemla, F. X. Blanc, J. C. Pourny, J. T. Riou et al., Mechanics, energetics, and crossbridge kinetics of rabbit diaphragm during congestive heart failure, FAsEB J, vol.12, pp.981-990, 1998.

N. Salvi, A. Guellich, P. Michelet, A. Demoule, L. Guen et al., Upregulation of PPARbeta/delta is associated with structural and functional changes in the type i diabetes rat diaphragm, PLos one, vol.5, p.11494, 2010.

G. Orliaguet, . Langeron-o, B. Bouhemad, P. Coriat, L. Y. Riou et al., Effects of postnatal maturation on energetics and cross-bridge properties in rat diaphragm, CRITICAl CARE MEDICINE, vol.16, pp.1074-82, 2002.

C. Coirault, D. Chemla, and N. Pery, Lecarpentier y: Mechanical determinants of isotonic relaxation in isolated diaphragm muscle, J Appl Physiol, vol.75, pp.2265-72, 1985.

C. Coirault, D. Chemla, and N. Pery-man, Lecarpentier y: isometric relaxation of isolated diaphragm muscle: influence of load, length, time, and stimulation, J Appl Physiol, vol.76, pp.1468-75, 1985.

. Lecarpentier-yc, L. H. Chuck, P. R. Housmans, D. Clerck, N. M. Brutsaert et al., Nature of load dependence of relaxation in cardiac muscle, Am J Physiol, vol.237, pp.455-60, 1979.

C. Coirault, B. Riou, and M. Bard, Lecarpentier y: Contraction, relaxation, and economy of force generation in isolated human diaphragm muscle, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.152, issue.4, pp.1275-83, 1995.

, Hill AV: the efficiency of mechanical power development during muscular shortening and its relation to load, Proc R soc Lond B Biol sci, vol.159, pp.319-343, 1964.

A. F. Huxley, Muscle structure and theories of contraction, Prog Biophys Biophys Chem, vol.7, pp.255-318, 1957.

F. Howell-s, . Rs, and C. Roussos, Effects of uncompensated and compensated metabolic acidosis on canine diaphragm, J Appl Physiol, vol.59, pp.1376-82, 1985.

M. J. Mador, W. T. , and K. Tj, Effect of acute hypercapnia on diaphragmatic and limb muscle contractility, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.155, pp.1590-1595, 1997.

F. Rs, M. C. Hauer, G. G. Bierkamper, and H. Raff, Responses of in vitro rat diaphragm to changes in acid-base environment, J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol, vol.57, pp.1202-1212, 1984.

, Heisler N: intracellular pH of isolated rat diaphragm muscle with metabolic and respiratory changes of extracellular pH, Respir Physiol, vol.23, pp.243-55, 1975.

. Adler-s and A. Roy, Relman As: intracellular acid-base regulation. i. the response of muscle cells to changes in Co2 tension or extracellular bicarbonate concentration, J Clin invest, vol.44, pp.8-20, 1965.

F. Rs, . Howell-s, and W. E. Jacobus, 31P-NMR study of resting in vitro rat diaphragm exposed to hypercapnia, J Appl Physiol, vol.65, pp.2270-2277, 1988.

R. G. Zhang, . Kelsen-sg, and J. C. Lamanna, Measurement of intracellular pH in hamster diaphragm by absorption spectrophotometry, J Appl Physiol, vol.68, pp.1101-1107, 1990.

B. Vivien, . Langeron-o, E. Morell, C. Devilliers, P. A. Carli et al., Early hypocalcemia in severe trauma, Crit Care Med, vol.33, pp.1946-52, 2005.

C. Coirault, F. Lambert, . Marchand-adam-s, P. Attal, D. Chemla et al., Myosin molecular motor dysfunction in dystrophic mouse diaphragm, Am J Physiol, vol.277, issue.6, pp.1170-1176, 1999.

X. L. Ding, A. B. Akella, and J. Gulati, Contributions of troponin i and troponin C to the acidic pH-induced depression of contractile Ca2+ sensitivity in cardiotrabeculae, Biochemistry, vol.34, pp.2309-2325, 1995.

A. Fabiato and F. Fabiato, Effects of pH on the myofilaments and the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned cells from cardiace and skeletal muscles, J Physiol, vol.276, pp.233-55, 1978.

. Nishizaka-t, H. Miyata, H. Yoshikawa, . Ishiwata-s, and K. Kinosita, Unbinding force of a single motor molecule of muscle measured using optical tweezers, Nature, vol.377, pp.251-255, 1995.

E. P. Debold, . Beck-se, and D. M. Warshaw, Effect of low pH on single skeletal muscle myosin mechanics and kinetics, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, vol.295, pp.173-182, 2008.

M. Carreira-s,-lê-dinh, M. Poloujadoff, M. P. Riou, B. Coirault, C. Demoule et al., Diaphragmatic function is preserved during severe hemorrhagic shock in the rat, ANEstHEsioLoGy, vol.120, pp.425-460, 2014.

J. Marín-corral, L. Martínez-caro, J. A. Lorente, M. De-paula, L. Pijuan et al., Redox balance and cellular inflammation in the diaphragm, limb muscles, and lungs of mechanically ventilated rats, ANEstHEsioLoGy, vol.112, pp.384-94, 2010.

N. M. Ismaiel and D. Henzler, Effects of hypercapnia and hypercapnic acidosis on attenuation of ventilator-associated lung injury, Minerva Anestesiol, vol.77, pp.723-756, 2011.

. Schiaffino-s and C. Reggiani, Myosin isoforms in mammalian skeletal muscle, J Appl Physiol, vol.77, pp.493-501, 1994.

W. F. Boron, Regulation of intracellular pH, Adv Physiol Educ, vol.28, pp.160-79, 2004.

M. Kumagai and K. , ishihara t: size and composition changes in diaphragmatic fibers in rats exposed to chronic hypercapnia, Chest, vol.119, pp.565-71, 2001.

B. Jung, M. , L. Goff, C. Rossel, N. Chanques et al., Jaber s: Moderate and prolonged hypercapnic acidosis may protect against ventilatorinduced diaphragmatic dysfunction in healthy piglet: An in vivo study, Crit Care, vol.17, p.15, 2013.