P. D. Gluckman and M. A. Hanson, The developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome, Trends Endocrinol Metab, vol.15, pp.183-187, 2004.

P. Bateson, D. Barker, T. Clutton-brock, D. D. , D. 'udine et al., Developmental plasticity and human health, Nature, vol.430, pp.419-421, 2004.

I. C. Mcmillen and J. S. Robinson, Developmental origins of the metabolic syndrome: prediction, plasticity, and programming, Physiol Rev, vol.85, pp.571-633, 2005.

D. J. Barker, C. Osmond, J. Golding, D. Kuh, and M. E. Wadsworth, Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease, BMJ, vol.298, pp.564-567, 1989.

C. Gicquel, A. El-osta, and L. Bouc, Epigenetic regulation and fetal programming, Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.22, pp.1-16, 2008.

P. D. Gluckman and M. A. Hanson, Living with the past: evolution, development, and patterns of disease, Science, vol.305, pp.1733-1736, 2004.

P. D. Gluckman, M. A. Hanson, and A. S. Beedle, Early life events and their consequences for later disease: a life history and evolutionary perspective, Am J Hum Biol, vol.19, pp.1-19, 2007.

D. Jaquet, C. D. Levy-marchal, C. Czernichow, and P. , Adult height distribution in subjects born small for gestational age, Horm Res, vol.62, pp.92-96, 2004.

J. P. Karlberg, K. Albertsson-wikland, E. Y. Kwan, B. C. Lam, and L. Low, The timing of early postnatal catch-up growth in normal, full-term infants born short for gestational age, Horm Res, vol.48, issue.1, pp.17-24, 1997.

A. Lucas, Programming by early nutrition: an experimental approach, J Nutr, vol.128, pp.401-406, 1998.

C. T. Huizinga, C. B. Oudejans, R. A. Steiner, D. K. Clifton, and H. A. Delemarre-van-de-waal, Effects of intrauterine and early postnatal growth restriction on hypothalamic somatostatin gene expression in the rat, Pediatr Res, vol.48, pp.815-820, 2000.

S. M. Woodall, B. H. Breier, B. M. Johnston, and P. D. Gluckman, A model of intrauterine growth retardation caused by chronic maternal undernutrition in the rat: effects on the somatotrophic axis and postnatal growth, J Endocrinol, vol.150, pp.231-242, 1996.

I. Rogers, P. Emmett, D. Gunnell, D. Dunger, and J. Holly, Milk as a food for growth? The insulin-like growth factors link, Public Health Nutr, vol.9, pp.359-368, 2006.

M. E. Houdijk, M. T. Engelbregt, C. Popp-snijders, D. Van-der-waal, and H. A. , Long-term effects of early postnatal food restriction on growth hormone secretion in rats, JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, vol.27, pp.260-267, 2003.

C. T. Huizinga, C. B. Oudejans, and H. A. Delemarre-van-de-waal, Decreased galanin mRNA levels in growth hormone-releasing hormone neurons after perinatally induced growth retardation, J Endocrinol, vol.170, pp.521-528, 2001.

C. T. Huizinga, C. B. Oudejans, and H. A. Delemarre-van-de-waal, Persistent changes in somatostatin and neuropeptide Y mRNA levels but not in growth hormone releasing hormone mRNA levels in adult rats after intrauterine growth retardation, J Endocrinol, vol.168, pp.273-281, 2001.

M. Holzenberger, J. Dupont, B. Ducos, P. Leneuve, A. Geloen et al., IGF-1 receptor regulates lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress in mice, Nature, vol.421, pp.182-187, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01939325

M. L. Fiorotto, D. G. Burrin, M. Perez, and P. J. Reeds, Intake and use of milk nutrients by rat pups suckled in small, medium, or large litters, Am J Physiol, vol.260, issue.6, pp.1104-1113, 1991.

K. Ueki, T. Okada, J. Hu, C. W. Liew, A. Assmann et al., Total insulin and IGF-I resistance in pancreatic ? cells causes overt diabetes, Nat Genet, vol.38, pp.583-588, 2006.

J. M. Bateman and H. Mcneill, Temporal control of differentiation by the insulin receptor/tor pathway in Drosophila, Cell, vol.119, pp.87-96, 2004.

A. C. Huby, S. Vandermeersch, M. C. Verpont, K. Caron, O. Smithies et al., AT1 receptor blockade reverses renal vascular inflammation, glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria in hypertensive transgenic mice overexpressing renin, J Am Soc Nephrol, vol.18, pp.398-255, 2007.

N. Marissal-arvy, A. Gaumont, A. Langlois, F. Dabertrand, M. Bouchecareilh et al., Strain differences in hypothalamic pituitary adrenocortical axis function and adipogenic effects of corticosterone in rats, J Endocrinol, vol.195, pp.473-484, 2007.

A. Plagge, E. Gordon, W. Dean, R. Boiani, S. Cinti et al., The imprinted signaling protein XL ? s is required for postnatal adaptation to feeding, Nat Genet, vol.36, pp.818-826, 2004.

A. De-vries, M. C. Holmes, A. Heijnis, J. V. Seier, J. Heerden et al., Prenatal dexamethasone exposure induces changes in nonhuman primate offspring cardiometabolic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, J Clin Invest, vol.117, pp.1058-1067, 2007.

K. M. Godfrey and D. J. Barker, Fetal programming and adult health, Public Health Nutr, vol.4, pp.611-624, 2001.

M. Holzenberger, G. Hamard, R. Zaoui, P. Leneuve, B. Ducos et al., Experimental IGF-I receptor deficiency generates a sexually dimorphic pattern of organ-specific growth deficits in mice, affecting fat tissue in particular, Endocrinology, vol.142, pp.4469-4478, 2001.

M. Holzenberger, P. Leneuve, G. Hamard, B. Ducos, L. Perin et al., A targeted partial invalidation of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor gene in mice causes a postnatal growth deficit, Endocrinology, vol.141, pp.2557-2566, 2000.

J. P. Thissen, J. M. Ketelslegers, and L. E. Underwood, Nutritional regulation of the insulin-like growth factors, Endocr Rev, vol.15, pp.80-101, 1994.

R. C. Baxter, The binding protein's binding protein-clinical applications of acid labile subunit (ALS) measurement, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.82, pp.3941-3943, 1997.

A. L. Fowden, The insulin-like growth factors and feto-placental growth, Placenta, vol.24, pp.803-812, 2003.

S. G. Cella, V. Locatelli, T. Mennini, A. Zanini, C. Bendotti et al., Deprivation of growth hormone-releasing hormone early in the rat's neonatal life permanently affects somatotropic function, Endocrinology, vol.127, pp.1625-1634, 1990.

W. B. Wehrenberg, D. M. Voltz, S. G. Cella, E. E. Muller, and R. C. Gaillard, Longterm failure of compensatory growth in rats following acute neonatal passive immunization against growth hormone-releasing hormone, Neuroendocrinology, vol.56, pp.509-515, 1992.

S. G. Bouret, S. J. Draper, and R. B. Simerly, Trophic action of leptin on hypothalamic neurons that regulate feeding, Science, vol.304, pp.108-110, 2004.

O. Miralles, J. Sanchez, A. Palou, and C. Pico, A physiological role of breast milk leptin in body weight control in developing infants, Obesity (Silver Spring), vol.14, pp.1371-1377, 2006.

R. M. Luque, Z. H. Huang, B. Shah, T. Mazzone, and R. D. Kineman, Effects of leptin replacement on hypothalamic-pituitary growth hormone axis function and circulating ghrelin levels in ob/ob mice, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, vol.292, pp.891-899, 2007.

A. C. Konner, R. Janoschek, L. Plum, S. D. Jordan, E. Rother et al., Insulin action in AgRP-expressing neurons is required for suppression of hepatic glucose production, Cell Metab, vol.5, pp.438-449, 2007.

H. Davidowa and A. Plagemann, Insulin resistance of hypothalamic arcuate neurons in neonatally overfed rats, Neuroreport, vol.18, pp.521-524, 2007.

T. Okada, C. W. Liew, J. Hu, C. Hinault, M. D. Michael et al., Insulin receptors in ?-cells are critical for islet compensatory growth response to insulin resistance, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.104, pp.8977-8982, 2007.

J. Colombani, L. Bianchini, S. Layalle, E. Pondeville, C. Dauphin-villemant et al., Antagonistic actions of ecdysone and insulins determine final size in Drosophila, Science, vol.310, pp.667-670, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00320716

J. Colombani, S. Raisin, S. Pantalacci, T. Radimerski, J. Montagne et al., A nutrient sensor mechanism controls Drosophila growth, Cell, vol.114, pp.739-749, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00322342

P. Leopold, Neuronal differentiation: TOR and insulin receptor pathways set the tempo, Cell, vol.119, pp.4-5, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00322336

V. Tolle, P. Zizzari, C. Tomasetto, M. C. Rio, and J. Epelbaum, Bluet-Pajot MT 2001 In vivo and in vitro effects of ghrelin/motilin-related peptide on growth hormone secretion in the rat, Neuroendocrinology, vol.73, pp.54-61

Y. Nishi, H. Hiejima, H. Mifune, T. Sato, K. Kangawa et al., Developmental changes in the pattern of ghrelin's acyl modification and the levels of acyl-modified ghrelins in murine stomach, Endocrinology, vol.146, pp.2709-2715, 2005.

D. J. Hill, B. Strutt, E. Arany, S. Zaina, S. Coukell et al., Increased and persistent circulating insulin-like growth factor II in neonatal transgenic mice suppresses developmental apoptosis in the pancreatic islets, Endocrinology, vol.141, pp.1151-1157, 2000.

N. Ezzahir, C. Alberti, S. Deghmoun, I. Zaccaria, P. Czernichow et al., Time course of catch-up in adiposity influences adult anthropometry in individuals who were born small for gestational age, Pediatr Res, vol.58, pp.243-247, 2005.

D. Jaquet, S. Deghmoun, D. Chevenne, D. Collin, P. Czernichow et al., Dynamic change in adiposity from fetal to postnatal life is involved in the metabolic syndrome associated with reduced fetal growth, Diabetologia, vol.48, pp.849-855, 2005.

L. Brawley, S. Itoh, C. Torrens, A. Barker, C. Bertram et al., Dietary protein restriction in pregnancy induces hypertension and vascular defects in rat male offspring, Pediatr Res, vol.54, pp.83-90, 2003.

J. K. Cleal, K. R. Poore, J. P. Boullin, O. Khan, R. Chau et al., Mismatched pre-and postnatal nutrition leads to cardiovascular dysfunction and altered renal function in adulthood, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.104, pp.9529-9533, 2007.

O. Khorram, M. Momeni, M. Desai, and M. G. Ross, Nutrient restriction in utero induces remodeling of the vascular extracellular matrix in rat offspring, Reprod Sci, vol.14, pp.73-80, 2007.

M. H. Vickers, B. A. Ikenasio, and B. H. Breier, Adult growth hormone treatment reduces hypertension and obesity induced by an adverse prenatal environment, J Endocrinol, vol.175, pp.615-623, 2002.

S. P. Cousin, S. R. Hugl, M. G. Myers, M. F. White, A. Reifel-miller et al., Stimulation of pancreatic ?-cell proliferation by growth hormone is glucose-dependent: signal transduction via janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) with no crosstalk to insulin receptor substrate-mediated mitogenic signalling, Biochem J, vol.344, pp.649-658, 1999.

I. M. Holdaway, R. C. Rajasoorya, and G. D. Gamble, Factors influencing mortality in acromegaly, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.89, pp.667-674, 2004.

U. Izhar, D. Hasdai, D. M. Richardson, P. Cohen, and A. Lerman, Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I cause vasorelaxation in human vessels in vitro, Coron Artery Dis, vol.11, pp.69-76, 2000.

A. B. Nilsson, N. Nitescu, Y. Chen, G. S. Guron, N. Marcussen et al., IGF-I treatment attenuates renal abnormalities induced by neonatal ACE inhibition, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, vol.279, pp.1050-1060, 2000.

M. H. Vickers, B. A. Ikenasio, and B. H. Breier, IGF-I treatment reduces hyperphagia, obesity, and hypertension in metabolic disorders induced by fetal programming, Endocrinology, vol.142, pp.3964-3973, 2001.

S. E. Ozanne and C. N. Hales, Lifespan: catch-up growth and obesity in male mice, Nature, vol.427, pp.411-412, 2004.