H. Fukuyama, Y. Ouchi, S. Matsuzaki, Y. Nagahama, H. Yamauchi et al., Brain functional activity during gait in normal subjects: a SPECT study, Neurosci Lett, vol.228, issue.3, p.9218638, 1997.

I. Miyai, H. C. Tanabe, I. Sase, H. Eda, O. I. Konishi et al., Cortical mapping of gait in humans: a nearinfrared spectroscopic topography study, Neuroimage, vol.14, issue.5, pp.1186-92, 2001.

E. Garcia-rill, R. D. Skinner, and J. A. Fitzgerald, Activity in the mesencephalic locomotor region during locomotion, Exp Neurol, vol.82, issue.3, pp.609-631, 1983.

S. Mori, T. Sakamoto, Y. Ohta, K. Takakusaki, and K. Matsuyama, Site-specific postural and locomotor changes evoked in awake, freely moving intact cats by stimulating the brainstem, Brain Res, vol.505, issue.1, p.2611678, 1989.

K. Takakusaki, T. Habaguchi, J. Ohtinata-sugimoto, K. Saitoh, and T. Sakamoto, Basal ganglia efferents to the brainstem centers controlling postural muscle tone and locomotion: a new concept for understanding motor disorders in basal ganglia dysfunction, Neuroscience, vol.119, issue.1, pp.95-97, 2003.

T. K. Roseberry, A. M. Lee, A. L. Lalive, L. Wilbrecht, A. Bonci et al., Cell-Type-Specific Control of Brainstem Locomotor Circuits by Basal Ganglia, Cell, vol.164, issue.3, pp.526-563, 2016.

F. Malouin, C. L. Richards, P. L. Jackson, F. Dumas, and J. Doyon, Brain activations during motor imagery of locomotor-related tasks: a PET study, Hum Brain Mapp, vol.19, issue.1, pp.47-62, 2003.

K. Jahn, A. Deutschlander, T. Stephan, R. Kalla, M. Wiesmann et al., Imaging human supraspinal locomotor centers in brainstem and cerebellum, Neuroimage, vol.39, issue.2, pp.786-92, 2008.

C. La-fougere, A. Zwergal, A. Rominger, S. Forster, G. Fesl et al., Real versus imagined locomotion: a [18F]-FDG PET-fMRI comparison, Neuroimage, vol.50, issue.4, pp.1589-98, 2010.

C. Karachi, A. Andre, E. Bertasi, E. Bardinet, S. Lehericy et al., Functional parcellation of the lateral mesencephalus, J Neurosci, vol.32, issue.27, pp.9396-401, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00817576

A. Maillet, P. Pollak, and B. Debu, Imaging gait disorders in parkinsonism: a review, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, vol.83, issue.10, pp.986-93, 2012.

T. Fuchigami and S. Morioka, Differences in cortical activation between observing one's own gait and the gait of others: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study, Neuroreport, vol.26, issue.4, pp.192-198, 2015.

D. Jiang, M. G. Edwards, P. Mullins, and N. Callow, The neural substrates for the different modalities of movement imagery, Brain Cogn, vol.97, pp.22-31, 2015.

D. Volta, R. Fasano, F. Cerasa, A. Mangone, G. Quattrone et al., Walking indoors, walking outdoors: an fMRI study, Front Psychol, vol.6, p.1502, 2015.

P. Boyne, T. Maloney, M. Difrancesco, M. D. Fox, O. Awosika et al., Resting-state functional connectivity of subcortical locomotor centers explains variance in walking capacity, Hum Brain Mapp, vol.39, issue.12, pp.4831-4874, 2018.

I. Maidan, K. Rosenberg-katz, Y. Jacob, N. Giladi, J. E. Deutsch et al., Altered brain activation in complex walking conditions in patients with Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism Relat Disord, vol.25, pp.91-97, 2016.

J. G. Nutt, B. R. Bloem, N. Giladi, M. Hallett, F. B. Horak et al., Freezing of gait: moving forward on a mysterious clinical phenomenon, Lancet Neurol, vol.10, issue.8, pp.70143-70143, 2011.

A. H. Snijders, I. Leunissen, M. Bakker, S. Overeem, R. C. Helmich et al., Gait-related cerebral alterations in patients with Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait, Brain, vol.134, pp.59-72, 2011.

B. W. Fling, R. G. Cohen, M. Mancini, J. G. Nutt, D. A. Fair et al., Asymmetric pedunculopontine network connectivity in parkinsonian patients with freezing of gait, Brain, vol.136, pp.2405-2423, 2013.

B. W. Fling, R. G. Cohen, M. Mancini, S. D. Carpenter, D. A. Fair et al., Functional reorganization of the locomotor network in Parkinson patients with freezing of gait, PLoS One, vol.9, issue.6, p.100291, 2014.

D. S. Peterson, K. A. Pickett, R. Duncan, J. Perlmutter, and G. M. Earhart, Gait-related brain activity in people with Parkinson disease with freezing of gait, PLoS One, vol.9, issue.3, p.90634, 2014.

D. S. Peterson, K. A. Pickett, R. P. Duncan, J. S. Perlmutter, and G. M. Earhart, Brain activity during complex imagined gait tasks in Parkinson disease, Clin Neurophysiol, vol.125, issue.5, pp.995-1005, 2014.

D. S. Peterson and K. Smulders, Cues and Attention in Parkinsonian Gait: Potential Mechanisms and Future Directions, Frontiers in neurology, vol.6, p.255, 2015.

A. Fasano, T. Herman, A. Tessitore, A. P. Strafella, and N. I. Bohnen, Neuroimaging of Freezing of Gait, J Parkinsons Dis, vol.5, issue.2, pp.241-54, 2015.

E. Canu, F. Agosta, E. Sarasso, M. A. Volonte, S. Basaia et al., Brain structural and functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease with freezing of gait, Hum Brain Mapp, vol.36, issue.12, pp.5064-78, 2015.

A. Lenka, R. M. Naduthota, M. Jha, R. Panda, A. Prajapati et al., Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease is associated with altered functional brain connectivity, Parkinsonism Relat Disord, vol.24, pp.100-106, 2016.

G. Vervoort, K. Alaerts, A. Bengevoord, E. Nackaerts, E. Heremans et al., Functional connectivity alterations in the motor and fronto-parietal network relate to behavioral heterogeneity in Parkinson's disease, Parkinsonism Relat Disord, vol.24, pp.48-55, 2016.

M. Wang, S. Jiang, Y. Yuan, L. Zhang, J. Ding et al., Alterations of functional and structural connectivity of freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease, J Neurol, vol.263, issue.8, p.27230857, 2016.

T. M. Mi, S. S. Mei, P. P. Liang, L. L. Gao, K. C. Li et al., Altered resting-state brain activity in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait, Sci Rep, vol.7, issue.1, p.29196699, 2017.

P. S. Myers, M. E. Mcneely, K. A. Pickett, R. P. Duncan, and G. M. Earhart, Effects of exercise on gait and motor imagery in people with Parkinson disease and freezing of gait, Parkinsonism Relat Disord, vol.53, pp.89-95, 2018.

K. Bharti, A. Suppa, S. Pietracupa, N. Upadhyay, C. Gianni et al., Abnormal Cerebellar Connectivity Patterns in Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Freezing of Gait, Cerebellum, 2018.

J. Li, Y. Yuan, M. Wang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang et al., Decreased interhemispheric homotopic connectivity in Parkinson's disease patients with freezing of gait: A resting state fMRI study, Parkinsonism Relat Disord, vol.52, pp.30-36, 2018.

E. Bardinet, M. Bhattacharjee, D. Dormont, B. Pidoux, G. Malandain et al., A three-dimensional histological atlas of the human basal ganglia. II. Atlas deformation strategy and evaluation in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease, J Neurosurg, vol.110, issue.2, pp.208-227, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00616085

O. Hikosaka and M. Isoda, Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico-basal ganglia mechanisms, Trends Cogn Sci, vol.14, issue.4, pp.154-61, 2010.

L. Ricciardi, M. Sarchioto, and F. Morgante, Role of pedunculopontine nucleus in sleep-wake cycle and cognition in humans: A systematic review of DBS studies, Neurobiol Dis, vol.128, 2019.

D. Cowie, P. Limousin, A. Peters, and B. L. Day, Insights into the neural control of locomotion from walking through doorways in Parkinson's disease, Neuropsychologia, vol.48, issue.9, pp.2750-2757, 2010.

M. Van-der-meulen, G. Allali, S. W. Rieger, F. Assal, and P. Vuilleumier, The influence of individual motor imagery ability on cerebral recruitment during gait imagery, Hum Brain Mapp, vol.35, issue.2, pp.455-70, 2014.

N. Tzourio-mazoyer, B. Landeau, D. Papathanassiou, F. Crivello, O. Etard et al., Automated anatomical labeling of activations in SPM using a macroscopic anatomical parcellation of the MNI MRI single-subject brain, Neuroimage, vol.15, issue.1, pp.273-89, 2002.

J. Chumbley, K. Worsley, G. Flandin, and K. Friston, Topological FDR for neuroimaging, Neuroimage, vol.49, issue.4, pp.3057-64, 2010.

C. W. Woo, A. Krishnan, and T. D. Wager, Cluster-extent based thresholding in fMRI analyses: pitfalls and recommendations, Neuroimage, vol.91, pp.412-421, 2014.

D. Ryczko and R. Dubuc, The multifunctional mesencephalic locomotor region, Curr Pharm Des, vol.19, issue.24, pp.4448-70, 2013.

K. Iseki, T. Hanakawa, J. Shinozaki, M. Nankaku, and H. Fukuyama, Neural mechanisms involved in mental imagery and observation of gait, Neuroimage, vol.41, issue.3, pp.1021-1052, 2008.

A. D. Ekstrom, M. J. Kahana, J. B. Caplan, T. A. Fields, E. A. Isham et al., Cellular networks underlying human spatial navigation, Nature, vol.425, issue.6954, pp.184-192, 2003.

K. Jahn, A. Deutschlander, T. Stephan, M. Strupp, M. Wiesmann et al., Brain activation patterns during imagined stance and locomotion in functional magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroimage, vol.22, issue.4, pp.1722-1753, 2004.

M. Bakker, D. Lange, F. P. Helmich, R. C. Scheeringa, R. Bloem et al., Cerebral correlates of motor imagery of normal and precision gait, Neuroimage, vol.41, issue.3, pp.998-1010, 2008.

J. M. Shine, E. Matar, S. J. Bolitho, V. Dilda, T. R. Morris et al., Modeling freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease with a virtual reality paradigm, Gait Posture, vol.38, issue.1, pp.104-112, 2013.

E. Heremans, A. Nieuwboer, and S. Vercruysse, Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: where are we now?, Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep, vol.13, issue.6, p.23625316, 2013.

A. Guillot, C. Collet, V. A. Nguyen, F. Malouin, C. Richards et al., Functional neuroanatomical networks associated with expertise in motor imagery, Neuroimage, vol.41, issue.4, pp.1471-83, 2008.

R. Roberts, N. Callow, L. Hardy, D. Markland, and J. Bringer, Movement imagery ability: development and assessment of a revised version of the vividness of movement imagery questionnaire, J Sport Exerc Psychol, vol.30, issue.2, pp.200-221, 2008.

A. Guillot and C. Collet, Contribution from neurophysiological and psychological methods to the study of motor imagery, Brain Res Brain Res Rev, vol.50, issue.2, pp.387-97, 2005.

F. Malouin, C. L. Richards, A. Durand, and J. Doyon, Reliability of mental chronometry for assessing motor imagery ability after stroke. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, vol.89, pp.311-320, 2008.

C. Wang, Y. Wai, Y. Weng, J. Yu, and J. Wang, The cortical modulation from the external cues during gait observation and imagination, Neurosci Lett, vol.443, issue.3, pp.232-237, 2008.