Dengue serosurvey after a 2-month long outbreak in Nîmes, France, 2015: was there more than met the eye?

Tiphanie Succo 1, 2 Harold Noel 3 Birgit Nikolay 4 Marianne Maquart 5, 6, 7 Amandine Cochet 3 Isabelle Leparc-Goffart 6, 5, 7 Olivier Catelinois 3 Henrik Salje 8 Camille Pelat 9 Perrine de Crouy-Chanel 3 Henriette de Valk 3 Simon Cauchemez 4 Cyril Rousseau 10
1 CESPA - Centre d'épidémiologie et de santé publique des armées
2 French National Public Health Agency - Santé publique France [Saint-Maurice, France]
3 INVS - Institut de Veille Sanitaire
4 Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses
5 UVE - Unité des Virus Emergents
6 IRBA - Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille]
7 Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille]
IRBA - Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille], Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille]
8 C3BI - Centre de Bioinformatique, Biostatistique et Biologie Intégrative
9 ESIM - Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses et modélisation
10 UCCS Artois - Unité de Catalyse et de Chimie du Solide - Site Artois
Abstract : Background: Clusters of dengue cases have recently become more frequent in areas of southern France colonised by the vector mosquito Aedes albopictus. In July 2015, a 2-month outbreak of dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) was reported in Nîmes. Aim: We conducted a serosurvey in the affected area at the end of the vector activity period to determine the true extent of dengue transmission. Methods: We collected capillary blood from consenting household members, and information on their medical and travel histories, and exposure to mosquito bites. Recent infections were identified using IgM and IgG anti-DENV ELISA, followed, when positive, by plaque reduction neutralisation tests on serum against DENV 1–4 and West Nile virus. The prevalence estimator was calibrated on reference demographic data. We quantified the spatial clustering of dengue cases within the affected community and inferred the transmission tree. Results: The study participation rate was 39% (564/1,431). Three of 564 participants tested positive for DENV-1 infection (after marginal calibration, 0.41%; 95% confidence interval: 0.00– 0.84). The spatial analysis showed that cases were clustered at the household level. Most participants perceived the presence of mosquitos as abundant (83%) and reported frequent mosquito bites (57%). We incidentally identified six past West Nile virus infections (0.9%; 95% CI: 0.2–1.6). Conclusion: This serosurvey confirms the potential for arboviral diseases to cause outbreaks−albeit limited for now−in France and Europe.
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Tiphanie Succo, Harold Noel, Birgit Nikolay, Marianne Maquart, Amandine Cochet, et al.. Dengue serosurvey after a 2-month long outbreak in Nîmes, France, 2015: was there more than met the eye?. Eurosurveillance, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2018, 23 (23), ⟨10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.23.1700482⟩. ⟨inserm-02374966⟩

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