Mechanical Tension Drives Elongational Growth of the Embryonic Gut

Nicolas Chevalier 1, * Tinke-Marie de Witte 1 Annemiek Cornelissen 1 Sylvie Dufour 2, 3 Véronique Proux-Gillardeaux 4 Atef Asnacios 1, *
* Corresponding author
1 MSC (UMR_7057) - Matière et Systèmes Complexes
2 Inserm U955 - IMRB - Eq. 6 - Morphogenèse et génétique moléculaire
IMRB - Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale
3 UPEC Médecine - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Faculté de médecine
4 IJM (UMR_7592) - Institut Jacques Monod
Abstract : During embryonic development, most organs are in a state of mechanical compression because they grow in a confined and limited amount of space within the embryo's body; the early gut is an exception because it physiologically herniates out of the coelom. We demonstrate here that physiological hernia is caused by a tensile force transmitted by the vitelline duct on the early gut loop at its attachment point at the umbilicus. We quantify this tensile force and show that applying tension for 48 h induces stress-dependent elongational growth of the embryonic gut in culture, with an average 90% length increase (max: 200%), 65% volume increase (max: 160%), 50% dry mass increase (max: 100%), and 165% cell number increase (max: 300%); this mechanical cue is required for organ growth as guts not subject to tension do not grow. We demonstrate that growth results from increased cell proliferation when tension is applied. These results outline the essential role played by mechanical forces in shaping and driving the proliferation of embryonic organs.
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Nicolas Chevalier, Tinke-Marie de Witte, Annemiek Cornelissen, Sylvie Dufour, Véronique Proux-Gillardeaux, et al.. Mechanical Tension Drives Elongational Growth of the Embryonic Gut. Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 2018, 8 (1), pp.5995. ⟨10.1038/s41598-018-24368-1⟩. ⟨inserm-02353854⟩

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