R. E. , War and nature: fighting humans and insects with chemicals from World War I to Silent Spring, 2001.

R. Carson, The Silent Spring, 1962.

F. R. Davis, Banned: a history of pesticides and the science of toxicology, 2014.

D. Pimental and L. Levitan, Pesticides: amounts applied and amounts reaching pests, Bioscience, vol.36, pp.86-91, 1986.

H. S. Rathose and L. Nollet, Pesticides: evaluation of environmental pollution, 2011.

C. Bhushan, A. Bharadwaj, and S. S. Misra, State of pesticide regulations in India. New Delhi: Centre for Science and Environment, 2013.

T. R. Fukoto, Mechanism of action of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, Environ Health Perspect, vol.87, pp.245-54, 1990.

R. Rahimi and M. Abdollahi, A review on the mechanisms involved in hyperglycemia induced by organophosphorus pesticides, Pesticide Biochem Physiol, vol.88, pp.115-136, 2007.

A. Joshi and P. S. Rajini, Organophosphate insecticides and glucose homeostasis, pp.63-84, 2001.

G. Velmurugan, D. Babu, and S. Ramasamy, Prolonged intake of monocrotophos induces cardiac oxidative stress and myocardial damage, Toxicol, vol.307, pp.103-111, 2012.

M. P. Montgomery, F. Kamel, T. M. Saldana, M. Alavanja, and D. P. Sandler, Incident diabetes and pesticide exposure among licensed pesticide applicators: the agricultural health study, Am J Epidemiol, vol.167, pp.1235-1281, 1993.

K. Swaminathan, Pesticides and human diabetes. A link worth exploring, Diabet Med, vol.30, pp.1268-71, 2010.

L. M. Jaacks and L. R. Staimez, Association of persistent organic pollutants and nonpersistent pesticides with diabetes and diabetes-related health outcomes in Asia: A systematic review, Environ Int, vol.76, pp.57-70, 2015.

K. Swaminathan and G. Thangavel, Pesticides and human diabetes: a pilot project to explore a possible link, Practical Diabet, vol.32, pp.111-114, 2015.

B. K. Singh, Organophosphorus-degrading bacteria: ecology and industrial applications, Nat Rev Microbiol, vol.7, pp.156-64, 2009.

M. K. Harishankar, C. Sasikala, and M. Ramya, Efficiency of the intestinal bacteria in the degradation of the toxic pesticide, chlorpyrifos. Biotech, vol.3, pp.137-179, 2013.

C. Joly, J. Gay-queheillard, A. Leke, K. Chardon, S. Delanaud et al., Impact of chronic exposure to low doses of intestinal microbiota in the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME®) and in the rat, Environ Sci Pollut Res, vol.20, pp.2726-2760, 2013.

R. Vismaya and . Ps, Oral exposure to the organophosphorus insecticide, monocrotophos induces intestinal dysfunction in rats, Food Chem Toxicol, vol.71, pp.236-279, 2014.

Z. Wang, E. Klipfell, B. J. Bennett, R. Koeth, B. S. Levison et al., Diet flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease, Nature, vol.472, pp.57-63, 2011.

L. A. David, C. F. Maurice, R. N. Carmody, D. B. Gootenberg, J. E. Button et al., Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome, Nature, vol.505, pp.559-63, 2014.

C. F. Maurice, H. J. Haiser, and P. J. Turnbaugh, Xenobiotics shape the physiology and gene expression of the active human gut microbiome, Cell, vol.152, pp.39-50, 2013.

H. J. Haiser, D. B. Gootenberg, K. Chatman, G. Sirasani, E. P. Balskus et al., Predicting and manipulating cardiac drug inactivation by the human gut bacterium Eggerthella lenta, Science, vol.341, pp.295-303, 2013.

I. Cho and M. J. Blaser, The human microbiome: at the interface of health and disease, Nat Rev Genet, vol.13, pp.260-70, 2012.

J. Qin, Y. Li, Z. Cai, S. Li, J. Zhu et al., A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes, Nature, vol.490, pp.55-60, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01204262

L. Gravitz, The critters within -Yours gut microflora might be aiding and abetting diabetes, Nature, vol.485, pp.12-15, 2014.

J. Suez, T. Korem, D. Zeevi, G. Zilberman-schapira, C. A. Thaiss et al., Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota, Nature, vol.514, pp.181-187, 2014.

R. Rezg, B. Mornagui, S. El-fazaa, and N. Gharbi, Organophosphorus pesticides as food chain contaminants and type-2 diabetes: a review, Trends Food Sci Tech, vol.21, pp.345-57, 2010.

J. Xia, N. Psychogios, N. Young, and D. S. Wishart, MetaboAnalyst: a web server for metabolomics data analysis and interpretation, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.37, pp.652-60, 2009.

G. Mithieux, F. Rajas, and A. Gautier-stein, A novel role for glucose 6-phosphatase in the small intestine in the control of glucose homeostatis, J Biol Chem, vol.279, pp.44231-44235, 2004.

B. A. Neel and R. M. Sargis, The paradox of progress: environmental disruption of metabolism and the diabetes epidemic, Diabetes, vol.60, pp.1838-1886, 2011.

H. J. Haiser and P. J. Turnbaugh, Developing a metagenomic view of xenobiotic metabolism, Pharmacol Res, vol.69, pp.21-31, 2013.

M. A. Rodrigues, F. R. Puga, E. Chenker, and M. T. Mazanti, Short-term effect of malathion on rats' blood glucose and on glucose utilization by mammalian cells in vitro, Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, vol.12, pp.110-113, 1986.

G. Mithieux, Nutrient control of energy homeostasis via gut-brain neural circuits, Neuroendocrinol, vol.100, pp.89-94, 2014.

D. Goncalves, A. Barataud, D. Vadder, F. Vinera, J. Zitoun et al., Bile routing modification reproduces key features of gastric bypass in rat, Ann Surg, vol.262, pp.1006-1021, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01350737

F. De-vadder, P. Kovatcheva-datchary, D. Goncalves, J. Vinera, C. Zitoun et al., Microbiota-generated metabolites promote metabolic benefits via gut-brain neural circuits, Cell, vol.156, pp.84-96, 2014.

H. Brussow and S. J. Parkinson, You are what you eat, Nat Biotech, vol.32, pp.242-247, 2014.

M. Zhou, Z. Diwu, N. Panchuk-voloshina, and R. P. Haugland, A stable nonfluorescent derivative of resorufin for the fluorometric determination of trace hydrogen peroxide: applications in detecting the activity of phagocyte NADPH oxidase and other oxidases, Anal Biochem, vol.253, pp.162-170, 1997.

M. K. Gupta, R. Jain, P. Singh, R. Ch, and M. Mudiam, Determination of urinary PAH metabolites using DLLME hyphenated to injector port silylation and GC-MS-MS, J Anal Toxicol, vol.39, pp.1-9, 2015.

F. Musshoff, H. Junker, and B. Madea, Simple determination of 22 organophosphorous pesticides in human serum using headspace solidphase microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, J Chromatogr Sci, vol.40, pp.29-34, 2002.

C. Jr, L. C. Lyons, and C. , Electrode systems for continuous monitoring in cardiovascular surgery, Ann N Y Acad Sci, vol.102, pp.29-45, 1967.

J. W. Conn, Interpretation of the glucose tolerance test. The necessity of a standard preparatory diet, Am J Med Sci, vol.199, pp.555-64, 1940.

M. M. Bradford, A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Anal Biochem, vol.72, pp.248-54, 1976.

A. Z. Reznick and L. Packer, Oxidative damage to proteins: spectrophotometric method for carbonyl assay, Methods Enzymol, vol.233, pp.357-63, 1994.

H. Ohkawa, N. Ohishi, and K. Yagi, Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction, Anal Biochem, vol.95, pp.351-359, 1979.

N. J. Miller and C. A. Rice-evans, Factors influencing the antioxidants activity determined by the ABTS + radical cation assay, Free Radic Res, vol.26, pp.195-204, 1997.

B. Langmead and S. Salzberg, Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2, Nat Methods, vol.9, pp.357-366, 1997.

S. Abubucker, N. Segata, J. Goll, A. M. Schubert, J. Izard et al., Metabolic reconstruction for metagenomic data and its application to the human microbiome, PLoS Comput Biol, vol.8, 2012.

N. Segata, J. Izard, L. Waldron, D. Genvers, L. Miropolsky et al., Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation, Genome Biol, vol.12, p.60, 2011.

H. Lisboa, C. R. Biasetto, J. B. De-medeiros, A. R. Araujo, D. H. Silva et al., Endophytic fungi producing of esterases: evaluation in vitro of the enzymatic activity using pH indicator, Braz J Microbiol, vol.44, pp.923-929, 2013.

O. Fiehn and T. Kind, Metabolite profiling in blood plasma, Metabolomics: methods and protocols, vol.358, pp.3-18, 2006.

O. Fiehn, G. Wohlgemuth, M. Scholz, T. Kind, Y. Lee-do et al., Quality control for plant metabolomics: reporting MSI-compliant studies, Plant J, vol.53, pp.691-704, 2008.

J. Xia and D. S. Wishart, Web-based inference of biological patterns, functions and pathways from metabolomics data using MetaboAnalyst, Nat Prot, vol.6, pp.743-60, 2011.

H. H. Taussky and E. Shorr, A microcolorimetric method for the determination of inorganic phosphorus, J Biol Chem, vol.202, pp.675-85, 1953.

F. Rajas, N. Bruni, S. Montano, C. Zitoun, and G. Mithieux, The glucose-6 phosphatase gene is expressed in human and rat small intestine: regulation of expression in fasted and diabetic rats, Gastroentrol, vol.117, pp.132-141, 1999.

N. V. Carroll, R. W. Longley, and R. H. Roe, Glycogen in liver and muscle by use of anthrone reagent, J Biol Chem, vol.220, pp.583-93, 1956.

G. Frost, M. L. Sleeth, M. Sahuri-arisoylu, B. Lizarbe, S. Cerdan et al., The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism, Nat Commun, vol.5, p.3611, 2014.