C. Kieling, H. Baker-henningham, M. Belfer, G. Conti, I. Ertem et al., Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action, Lancet, vol.378, pp.1515-1540, 2011.

T. Baubet, O. Taïeb, J. Pradère, and M. R. Moro, Traumatismes psychiques dans la première enfance. Sémiologie, diagnostic et traitement, EMC-Psychiatrie, vol.1, pp.15-22, 2004.

A. M. Skovgaard, T. Houmann, E. Christiansen, S. Landorph, T. Jorgensen et al., The prevalence of mental health problems in children 1(1/2) years of agethe Copenhagen child cohort, J Child Psychol Psychiatry, vol.48, pp.62-70, 2000.

S. Saxena, G. Thornicroft, M. Knapp, and H. Whiteford, Resources for mental health: scarcity, inequity, and inefficiency, Lancet, vol.370, pp.878-89, 2007.

J. Crabb, R. C. Stewart, D. Kokota, N. Masson, S. Chabunya et al., Attitudes towards mental illness in Malawi: a cross-sectional survey, BMC Public Health, vol.12, p.541, 2012.

A. Kapungwe, S. Cooper, J. Mwanza, L. Mwape, A. Sikwese et al., Mental illness--stigma and discrimination in Zambia, Afr J Psychiatry (Johannesbg ), vol.13, pp.192-203, 2010.

O. Atilola, Cross-cultural child and adolescent psychiatry research in developing countries, Glob Ment Health (Camb ), vol.2, p.5, 2015.

M. L. Belfer, Child and adolescent mental disorders: the magnitude of the problem across the globe, J Child Psychol Psychiatry, vol.49, pp.226-262, 2008.

G. Canino and M. Alegria, Psychiatric diagnosis -is it universal or relative to culture?, J Child Psychol Psychiatry, vol.49, pp.237-50, 2008.

M. A. Cortina, A. Sodha, M. Fazel, and P. G. Ramchandani, Prevalence of child mental health problems in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review, Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, vol.166, pp.276-81, 2012.

G. L. Burns and D. R. Patterson, Factor structure of the Eyberg child behavior inventory: a parent rating scale of oppositional defiant behavior toward adults, inattentive behavior, and conduct problem behavior, J Clin Child Psychol, vol.29, pp.569-77, 2000.

D. L. Robins, K. Casagrande, M. Barton, C. M. Chen, T. Dumont-mathieu et al., Validation of the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F), Pediatrics, vol.133, pp.37-45, 2014.

T. M. Achenbach and L. Rescorla, Manual for the ASEBA preschool forms & profiles. Burlignton: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, 2000.

A. S. Carter, M. J. Briggs-gowan, S. M. Jones, and T. D. Little, The infant-toddler social and emotional assessment (ITSEA): factor structure, reliability, and validity, J Abnorm Child Psychol, vol.31, pp.495-514, 2003.

W. Fullard, S. C. Mcdevitt, and W. B. Carey, Assessing temperament in one-to threeyear-old children, J Pediatr Psychol, vol.9, pp.205-222, 1984.

H. H. Goldsmith, Studying temperament via construction of the toddler behavior assessment questionnaire, Child Dev, vol.67, pp.218-253, 1996.

S. P. Putnam, M. A. Gartstein, and M. K. Rothbart, Measurement of fine-grained aspects of toddler temperament: the early childhood behavior questionnaire, Infant Behav Dev, vol.29, pp.386-401, 2006.

E. A. Robinson, S. M. Eyberg, and W. Ross, Inventory of child problem behaviors: the standardization of an inventory of child conduct problem behaviors, J Clin Child Psychol, vol.9, pp.22-31, 1980.

P. Mouton-simien, A. P. Mccain, and M. L. Kelley, The development of the toddler behavior screening inventory, J Abnorm Child Psychol, vol.25, pp.59-64, 1997.

M. J. Briggs-gowan, A. S. Carter, J. R. Irwin, K. Wachtel, and D. V. Cicchetti, The brief infant-toddler social and emotional assessment: screening for social-emotional problems and delays in competence, J Pediatr Psychol, vol.29, pp.143-55, 2004.

G. A. Degangi, S. Poisson, R. Z. Sickel, and A. S. Wiener, The Infant-Toddler Symptom Checklist. Tucson: Therapy Skill Builders, 1995.

C. Marquer, C. Barry, Y. Mouchenik, S. Hustache, D. M. Djibo et al., A rapid screening tool for psychological distress in children 3-6years old: results of a validation study, BMC Psychiatry, vol.12, p.170, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00755769

C. Marquer, C. Barry, Y. Mouchenik, D. M. Djibo, M. L. Manzo et al., Screening for psychological difficulties in young children in crisis: complementary cross-cultural validation, Int Health, vol.7, pp.438-484, 2015.

D. Wild, A. Grove, M. Martin, S. Eremenco, S. Mcelroy et al., Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation, Value Health, vol.8, pp.94-104, 2005.

, Diagnostic classification of mental health and developmental disorders of infancy and early childhood: DC: 0-3R, Zero To Three, 2005.

L. J. Cronbach, Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests, Psychometrika, vol.16, pp.297-334, 1951.

P. E. Shrout and J. L. Fleiss, Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability, Psychol Bull, vol.86, pp.420-428, 1979.

R. B. Cattell, The scree test for the number of factors, Multivariate Behav Res, vol.1, pp.245-76, 1966.

A. Rouquette and B. Falissard, Sample size requirements for the internal validation of psychiatric scales, Int J Methods Psychiatr Res, vol.20, pp.235-284, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00638404

C. Lance, M. Butts, and L. Michels, The sources of four commonly reported cutoff criteria what did they really say?, Organ Res Methods, vol.9, pp.202-222, 2006.

J. Nunnally, I. Bernstein, A. M. Skovgaard, T. Houmann, S. L. Landorph et al., Assessment and classification of psychopathology in epidemiological research of children 0-3 years of age: a review of the literature, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, vol.32, pp.337-383, 1994.

C. H. Zeanah, N. W. Boris, and M. S. Scheeringa, Psychopathology in infancy. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, vol.38, pp.81-99, 1997.

E. S. Cha, K. H. Kim, and J. A. Erlen, Translation of scales in cross-cultural research: issues and techniques, J Adv Nurs, vol.58, pp.386-95, 2007.

A. Weeks, H. Swerissen, and J. Belfrage, Issues, challenges, and solutions in translating study instruments, Eval Rev, vol.31, pp.153-65, 2007.

. Bick-e, Notes on infant observation in psycho-analytic training, Int J Psychoanal, vol.45, pp.558-66, 1964.

M. Alegria and T. Mcguire, Rethinking a universal framework in the psychiatric symptom-disorder relationship, J Health Soc Behav, vol.44, pp.257-74, 2003.

A. Angold and E. J. Costello, Nosology and measurement in child and adolescent psychiatry, J Child Psychol Psychiatry, vol.50, pp.9-15, 2009.

R. Hackett and L. Hackett, Child psychiatry across cultures, Int Rev Psychiatry, vol.11, pp.225-260, 2009.

J. B. Reitsma, A. W. Rutjes, K. S. Khan, A. Coomarasamy, and P. M. Bossuyt, A review of solutions for diagnostic accuracy studies with an imperfect or missing reference standard, J Clin Epidemiol, vol.62, pp.797-806, 2009.

A. S. Carter, M. J. Briggs-gowan, and D. No, Assessment of young children's social-emotional development and psychopathology: recent advances and recommendations for practice, J Child Psychol Psychiatry, vol.45, pp.109-143, 2004.

H. L. Egger and A. Angold, Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: presentation, nosology, and epidemiology, J Child Psychol Psychiatry, vol.47, pp.313-350, 2006.

A. F. Jorm, Public knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders, Br J Psychiatry, vol.177, pp.396-401, 2000.

V. Patel, A. J. Flisher, A. Nikapota, and S. Malhotra, Promoting child and adolescent mental health in low and middle income countries, J Child Psychol Psychiatry, vol.49, pp.313-347, 2008.

N. Sartorius, Stigma and mental health, Lancet, vol.370, pp.810-811, 2007.

U. Volpe, A. Mihai, V. Jordanova, and N. Sartorius, The pathways to mental healthcare worldwide: a systematic review, Curr Opin Psychiatry, vol.28, pp.299-306, 2015.