A. Valujskikh and X. C. Li, Frontiers in nephrology: T cell memory as a barrier to transplant tolerance, J Am Soc Nephrol, vol.18, pp.2252-2261, 2007.

E. D. Poggio, M. Clemente, and J. Riley, Alloreactivity in renal transplant recipients with and without chronic allograft nephropathy, J Am Soc Nephrol, vol.15, pp.1952-1960, 2004.

P. Van-de-berg, S. L. Yong, and S. D. Koch, Characteristics of alloreactive T cells measured before renal transplantation, Clin Exp Immunol, vol.168, pp.241-250, 2012.

R. Meijers, N. Litjens, and E. A. De-wit, Cytomegalovirus contributes partly to uraemia-associated premature immunological ageing of the T cell compartment, Clin Exp Immunol, vol.174, pp.424-432, 2013.

E. G. Kamburova, H. Koenen, and M. Van-den-hoogen, Longitudinal analysis of T and B cell phenotype and function in renal transplant recipients with or without rituximab induction therapy, PLoS ONE, vol.9, p.112658, 2014.

Y. M. Ortiz, L. F. Arias, and C. M. Alvarez, Garc ?a LF. Memory phenotype and polyfunctional T cells in kidney transplant patients, Transplant Immunol, vol.28, pp.127-137, 2013.

L. Couzi, V. Pitard, and S. Netzer, Common features of gd T cells and CD8 þab T cells responding to human cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients, J Infect Dis, vol.200, pp.1415-1424, 2009.

D. J. Lo, T. A. Weaver, and L. Stempora, Selective targeting of human alloresponsive CD8þ effector memory T cells based on CD2 expression, Am J Transplant, vol.11, pp.22-33, 2011.

P. Trzonkowski, M. Zilvetti, and S. Chapman, Homeostatic repopulation by CD28ÀCD8þ T cells in alemtuzumab-depleted kidney transplant recipients treated with reduced immunosuppression, Am J Transplant, vol.8, pp.338-347, 2008.

M. Betjes, R. Meijers, and E. A. De-wit, Terminally differentiated CD8þ TEMRA cells are associated with the risk for acute kidney allograft rejection, Transplantation, vol.94, pp.63-69, 2012.

M. Yap, F. Boeffard, and E. Clave, Expansion of highly differentiated cytotoxic terminally differentiated effector memory CD8þ T cells in a subset of clinically stable kidney transplant recipients: a potential marker for late graft dysfunction, J Am Soc Nephrol, vol.25, pp.1856-1868, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-02163547

D. Baeten, S. Louis, and C. Braud, Phenotypically and functionally distinct CD8þ lymphocyte populations in long-term drug-free tolerance and chronic rejection in human kidney graft recipients, J Am Soc Nephrol, vol.17, pp.294-304, 2006.

F. Vincenti, C. Larsen, and A. Durrbach, Costimulation blockade with belatacept in renal transplantation, N Engl J Med, vol.353, pp.770-781, 2005.

D. Hamann, P. A. Baars, and M. H. Rep, Phenotypic and functional separation of memory and effector human CD8þ T cells, J Exp Med, vol.186, pp.1407-1418, 1997.

S. M. Henson, A. Lanna, N. E. Riddell, and . Sj, p38 signaling inhibits mTORC1-independent autophagy in senescent human CD8+ T cells, vol.124, pp.4004-4016, 2014.

T. Shen, J. Zheng, and C. Xu, PD-1 expression on peripheral CD8þ TEM/TEMRA subsets closely correlated with HCV viral load in chronic hepatitis C patients, Virol J, vol.7, p.310, 2010.

V. Appay, P. R. Dunbar, and M. Callan, Memory CD8þ T cells vary in differentiation phenotype in different persistent virus infections, Nat Med, vol.8, pp.379-385, 2002.

R. D. Gordon, B. J. Mathieson, and L. E. Samelson, The effect of allogeneic presensitization on H-Y graft survival and in vitro cellmediated responses to H-y antigen, J Exp Med, vol.144, pp.810-820, 1976.

C. Smith, J. J. Miles, and R. Khanna, Advances in direct T-cell alloreactivity: function, avidity, biophysics and structure, Am J Transplant, vol.12, pp.15-26, 2012.

A. D. Kirk, A. Guasch, and H. Xu, Renal transplantation using belatacept without maintenance steroids or calcineurin inhibitors, Am J Transplant, vol.14, pp.1142-1151, 2014.

D. Ducloux, C. Courivaud, and J. Bamoulid, Alloimmune responses and atherosclerotic disease after kidney transplantation, Transplantation, vol.99, pp.220-225, 2015.

O. Traitanon, A. Gorbachev, and J. J. Bechtel, IL-15 Induces alloreactive CD28 Àmemory CD8 T cell proliferation and CTLA4-Ig resistant memory CD8 T cell activation, Am J Transplant, vol.14, pp.1277-1289, 2014.

D. Mitri, D. Azevedo, R. I. Henson, and S. M. , Reversible senescence in human CD4þCD45RAþCD27-memory T cells, J Immunol, vol.187, pp.2093-2100, 2011.

H. Xu, S. D. Perez, and J. Cheeseman, The allo-and viral-specific immunosuppressive effect of belatacept, but not tacrolimus, attenuates with progressive T cell maturation, Am J Transplant, vol.14, pp.319-332, 2014.

M. Strioga, V. Pasukoniene, and D. Characiejus, CD8þCD28À and CD8þCD57þ T cells and their role in health and disease, Immunology, vol.134, pp.17-32, 2011.