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Article Dans Une Revue Addiction Biology Année : 2018

Efficacy and safety of sodium oxybate in alcohol-dependent patients with a very high drinking risk level

1 Department of Psychiatry [Amsterdam, The Netherlands]
2 Alcohol Use Disorder Unit - Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology [Rome, Italy]
3 CESP - Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations
4 Hôpital Paul Brousse
5 UP11 - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11
6 Centre de recherche et de traitement de la toxicomanie [AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse]
7 Institute of Internal Medicine
8 CHUGA - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [CHU Grenoble]
9 Alcohol Unit, Neurosciences Institute
10 IDIBAPS - Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer
11 University of Vienna [Vienna]
12 Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University
13 University of Pisa - Università di Pisa
14 Department of Experimental Psychology
15 Imperial College London
16 UL - Université de Lorraine
17 CHRU Nancy - Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy
18 CHU Nîmes - Hôpital Universitaire de Réadaptation, de Rééducation et d'Addictologie du CHU de Nîmes [Grau-du-Roi]
19 Public Health and Regulatory Policies
20 UMR_S 669 - Troubles du comportement alimentaire de l'adolescent
21 UP11 UFR Sciences - Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - Faculté des Sciences
22 SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD - Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale
23 Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology - Section of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry [Gothenburg, Sweden]
24 Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg]
Jurgen Rehm
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  • PersonId : 907942
Henriette Walter
  • Fonction : Auteur
  • PersonId : 836235

Résumé

Medication development for alcohol relapse prevention or reduction of consumption is highly challenging due to meth-odological issues of pharmacotherapy trials. Existing approved medications are only modestly effective with many patients failing to benefit from these therapies. Therefore, there is a pressing need for other effective treatments with a different mechanism of action, especially for patients with very high (VH) drinking risk levels (DRL) because this is the most severely affected population of alcohol use disorder patients. Life expectancy of alcohol-dependent patients with a VH DRL is reduced by 22 years compared with the general population and approximately 90 000 alcohol-dependent subjects with a VH DRL die prematurely each year in the EU (Rehm et al. 2018). A promising new medication for this population is sodium oxybate, a compound that acts on GABA B receptors and extrasynaptic GABA A receptors resulting in alcohol-mimetic effects. In this article, a European expert group of alcohol researchers and clini-cians summarizes data (a) from published trials, (b) from two new-as yet unpublished-large clinical trials (GATE 2 (n = 314) and SMO032 (n = 496), (c) from post hoc subgroup analyses of patients with different WHO-defined DRLs and (d) from multiple meta-analyses. These data provide convergent evidence that sodium oxybate is effective especially in a subgroup of alcohol-dependent patients with VH DRLs. Depending on the study, abstinence rates are increased up to 34 percent compared with placebo with risk ratios up to 6.8 in favor of sodium oxybate treatment. These convergent data are supported by the clinical use of sodium oxybate in Austria and Italy for more than 25 years. Sodium oxybate is the sodium salt of γ-hydroxybutyric acid that is also used as a recreational (street) drug suggestive of abuse potential. However, a pharmacovigilance database of more than 260 000 alcohol-dependent patients treated with sodium oxybate reported very few adverse side effects and only few cases of abuse. We therefore conclude that sodium oxybate is an effective, well-tolerated and safe treatment for withdrawal and relapse prevention treatment, especially in alcohol-dependent patients with VH DRL.
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inserm-01969211 , version 1 (03-01-2019)

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Wim van den Brink, Giovanni Addolorato, Henri-Jean Aubin, Amine Benyamina, Fabio Caputo, et al.. Efficacy and safety of sodium oxybate in alcohol-dependent patients with a very high drinking risk level. Addiction Biology, 2018, 23 (4), pp.969-986. ⟨10.1111/adb.12645⟩. ⟨inserm-01969211⟩
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