Disentangling complex parasite interactions: Protection against cerebral malaria by one helminth species is jeopardized by co-infection with another

Jessica Lee Abbate 1, 2, * Vanessa Ezenwa 3, 4 Jean-François Guégan 2 Marc Choisy 2, 5 Mathieu Nacher 6, 7, 8, * Benjamin Roche 1, 2, 9, *
* Corresponding author
1 UMMISCO - Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy]
2 MIVEGEC - Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle
3 University of Georgia [USA]
4 Odum School of Ecology - Department of Infectious Diseases [Athens, GA, USA]
5 OUCRU - Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City]
6 CIC - Antilles Guyane - Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane
7 EPat - Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale
8 COREVIH - Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine [Cayenne, Guyane]
9 UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Abstract : Multi-species interactions can often have non-intuitive consequences. However, the study of parasite interactions has rarely gone beyond the effects of pairwise combinations of species , and the outcomes of multi-parasite interactions are poorly understood. We investigated the effects of co-infection by four gastrointestinal helminth species on the development of cerebral malaria among Plasmodium falciparum-infected patients. We characterized associations among the helminth parasite infra-community, and then tested for independent (direct) and co-infection dependent (indirect) effects of helminths on cerebral malaria risk. We found that infection by Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were both associated with direct reductions in cerebral malaria risk. However, the benefit of T. trichiura infection was halved in the presence of hookworm, revealing a strong indirect effect. Our study suggests that the outcome of interactions between two parasite species can be significantly modified by a third, emphasizing the critical role that parasite community interactions play in shaping infection outcomes.
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Jessica Lee Abbate, Vanessa Ezenwa, Jean-François Guégan, Marc Choisy, Mathieu Nacher, et al.. Disentangling complex parasite interactions: Protection against cerebral malaria by one helminth species is jeopardized by co-infection with another. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Public Library of Science, 2018, 12 (5), pp.e0006483. ⟨10.1371/journal.pntd.0006483⟩. ⟨inserm-01872243⟩

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