, following cytokine treatment, Genet Mol Res, vol.12, pp.838-851, 2013.

C. 24-merceron, S. Portron, and C. Vignes-colombeix, Pharmacological Modulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis by a Chemically Oversulfated Polysaccharide of Marine Origin: Potential Application to Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, STEM CELLS, vol.71, issue.4, pp.471-480, 2012.
DOI : 10.1159/000093553

S. 25-portron, C. Merceron, and O. Gauthier, Effects of in vitro low oxygen tension preconditioning of adipose stromal cells on their in vivo chondrogenic potential: Application in cartilage tissue repair Effects of growth differentiation factor-5 on the intervertebral disc?In vitro bovine study and in vivo rabbit disc degeneration model study, PLoS One Spine, vol.831, pp.2909-2917, 2006.

X. Li, B. Leo, and G. Beck, Collagen and Proteoglycan Abnormalities in the GDF-5-Deficient Mice and Molecular Changes When Treating Disk Cells With Recombinant Growth Factor, Spine, vol.29, issue.20, pp.2229-2234, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/01.brs.0000142427.82605.fb

L. Maitre, C. Freemont, A. Hoyland, J. Diekman, B. Gimble et al., Expression of cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein in human intervertebral discs and its effect on matrix synthesis in degenerate human nucleus pulposus cells, Arthritis Research & Therapy, vol.11, issue.5, 2009.
DOI : 10.1186/ar2808

, Nat Protoc, vol.5, pp.1294-1311, 2010.

C. 30-merceron, C. Vinatier, and S. Portron, Differential effects of hypoxia on osteochondrogenic potential of human adipose-derived stem cells, American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, vol.449, issue.2, pp.355-364, 2010.
DOI : 10.1089/107632701300062859

S. Poiraudeau, I. Monteiro, and P. Anract, Phenotypic Characteristics of Rabbit Intervertebral Disc Cells, Spine, vol.24, issue.9, pp.837-844, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00007632-199905010-00002

C. 32-merceron, S. Portron, and M. Masson, The Effect of Two- and Three-Dimensional Cell Culture on the Chondrogenic Potential of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Subcutaneous Transplantation with an Injectable Hydrogel, Cell Transplantation, vol.7, issue.10, pp.1575-1588, 2011.
DOI : 10.1089/107632701300062859

C. Vinatier, D. Magne, and P. Weiss, A silanized hydroxypropyl methylcellulose hydrogel for the three-dimensional culture of chondrocytes, Biomaterials, vol.26, issue.33, pp.6643-6651, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.04.057

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00110465

C. Vinatier, O. Gauthier, and A. Fatimi,

G. Erickson, J. Gimble, and D. Franklin, Chondrogenic potential of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells in vitro and in vivo Matrilin-3 as a putative effector of C-type natriuretic peptide signaling during TGF-beta induced chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells, Biotechnol Bioeng Biochem Biophys Res Commun Mol Biol Rep, vol.10241, issue.290, pp.1259-1267763, 2002.

X. Yang, H. Shang, and A. Katz, Identification of phenotypic discriminating markers for intervertebral disc cells and articular chondrocytes Variations in gene and protein expression in human nucleus pulposus in comparison with annulus fibrosus and cartilage cells: Potential associations with aging and degeneration Role of stem/progenitor cells in reparative disorders Underlying molecular mechanisms of DIO2 susceptibility in symptomatic osteoarthritis Conditional activation of beta-catenin signaling in mice leads to severe defects in intervertebral disc tissue Intramyocardial delivery of mesenchymal stem cell-seeded hydrogel preserves cardiac function and attenuates ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction signaling determines chondrogenic differentiation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Inhibition of Smad1/5/8P prevents terminal differentiation and calcification, e51991. 44 Risbud MV, Schoepflin ZR, Mwale F et al. Defining the phenotype of young healthy nucleus pulposus cells: Recommendations of the Spine Research Interest Group at the 2014 Annual ORS Meeting Ultrastructure of the human intervertebral disc: II. Cells of the nucleus pulposus, pp.258-2651447, 1982.

Z. Lu, Z. Doulabi, B. Wuisman, and P. , Intervertebral disc cell-mediated mesenchymal stem cell differentiation Impact of direct cell co-cultures on human adiposederived stromal cells and nucleus pulposus cells Mesenchymal stem cells injection in degenerated intervertebral disc: Cell leakage may induce osteophyte formation Glucocorticoids promote chondrogenic differentiation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells by enhancing expression of cartilage extracellular matrix genes Mechanisms of glucocorticoid receptor signaling during inflammation Conditional deletion of the TGF-beta type II receptor in Col2a expressing cells results in defects in the axial skeleton without alterations in chondrocyte differentiation or embryonic development of long bones BMP canonical Smad signaling through Smad1 and Smad5 is required for endochondral bone formation, Differentiation of adipose stem cells by nucleus pulposus cells: Configuration effect et al. Intercellular signaling pathways active during intervertebral disc growth, differentiation, and aging 56 Tran CM, Smith HE, Symes A et al. Transforming growth factor beta controls CCN3 expression in nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc, pp.991-996707, 2004.

, See www.StemCells.com for supporting information available online

C. Colombier and . Boyer,