G. Ranieri, C. Gadaleta, R. Patruno, N. Zizzo, M. Daidone et al., A model of study for human cancer: Spontaneous occurring tumors in dogs. Biological features and translation for new anticancer therapies, Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, vol.88, issue.1, pp.187-97, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.03.005

K. Lindblad-toh, C. Wade, T. Mikkelsen, E. Karlsson, D. Jaffe et al., Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog, Nature, vol.426, issue.suppl., pp.803-822, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02168

S. Pinho, S. Carvalho, J. Cabral, C. Reis, and F. Gärtner, Canine tumors: a spontaneous animal model of human carcinogenesis, Translational Research, vol.159, issue.3, pp.165-72, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.11.005

A. Gama, A. Alves, and F. Schmitt, Identification of molecular phenotypes in canine mammary carcinomas with clinical implications: application of the human classification, Virchows Archiv, vol.177, issue.Suppl 1, pp.123-155, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64476-8

F. Sassi, C. Benazzi, G. Castellani, and G. Sarli, Molecular-based tumour subtypes of canine mammary carcinomas assessed by immunohistochemistry, BMC Veterinary Research, vol.6, issue.1, p.5, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/1746-6148-6-5

D. Liu, H. Xiong, A. Ellis, N. Northrup, C. Rodriguez et al., Molecular Homology and Difference between Spontaneous Canine Mammary Cancer and Human Breast Cancer, Cancer Research, vol.74, issue.18, pp.5045-56, 2014.
DOI : 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0392

J. Abadie, F. Nguyen, D. Loussouarn, I. Bemelmans, C. C. Albaric et al., Spontaneous Canine Mammary Carcinoma as a Model of Human Triple-negative Breast Cancer, Journal of Comparative Pathology, vol.146, issue.1, p.79, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.11.136

N. Kim, H. Lim, K. Im, J. Kim, and J. Sur, Identification of Triple-negative and Basal-like Canine Mammary Carcinomas using Four Basal Markers, Journal of Comparative Pathology, vol.148, issue.4, pp.298-306, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.08.009

H. Khandwala, I. Mccutcheon, A. Flyvbjerg, and K. Friend, The Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factors on Tumorigenesis and Neoplastic Growth, Endocrine Reviews, vol.21, issue.3, pp.215-259, 2000.
DOI : 10.1210/edrv.21.3.0399

D. Kleinberg, T. Wood, P. Furth, and A. Lee, Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in the Transition from Normal Mammary Development to Preneoplastic Mammary Lesions, Endocrine Reviews, vol.30, issue.1, pp.51-74, 2009.
DOI : 10.1210/er.2008-0022
URL : https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article-pdf/30/1/51/8862628/edrv0051.pdf

A. Samani, S. Yakar, D. Leroith, and P. Brodt, The Role of the IGF System in Cancer Growth and Metastasis: Overview and Recent Insights, Endocrine Reviews, vol.28, issue.1, pp.20-47, 2007.
DOI : 10.1210/er.2006-0001

H. Werner and I. Bruchim, The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor as an oncogene, Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, vol.5, issue.2, pp.58-71, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/jcb.240630522

Z. Davison, G. De-blacquière, B. Westley, and F. May, Insulin-like Growth Factor-Dependent Proliferation and Survival of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells: Implications for Therapy, Neoplasia, vol.13, issue.6, pp.504-519, 2011.
DOI : 10.1593/neo.101590
URL : https://doi.org/10.1593/neo.101590

B. Litzenburger, C. Creighton, A. Tsimelzon, B. Chan, S. Hilsenbeck et al., High IGF-IR Activity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Tumorgrafts Correlates with Sensitivity to Anti-IGF-IR Therapy, Clinical Cancer Research, vol.17, issue.8, pp.2314-2341, 2011.
DOI : 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-1903
URL : http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/clincanres/17/8/2314.full.pdf

R. Jones, E. Kim, P. Nava-parada, S. Alam, F. Johnson et al.,

, Phase I study of intermittent oral dosing of the insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin receptors inhibitor OSI-906 in patients with advanced solid tumors, Clin Cancer Res, vol.21, pp.693-700, 2014.

J. Robertson, J. Ferrero, H. Bourgeois, H. Kennecke, R. De-boer et al., Ganitumab with either exemestane or fulvestrant for postmenopausal women with advanced, hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, phase 2 trial, The Lancet Oncology, vol.14, issue.3, pp.228-263, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70026-3

C. Ma, V. Suman, M. Goetz, P. Haluska, T. Moynihan et al., A phase I trial of the IGF-1R antibody Cixutumumab in combination with temsirolimus in patients with metastatic breast cancer, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol.69, issue.9, pp.145-53, 2013.
DOI : 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4450

H. Hartog, H. Horlings, V. D. Vegt, B. Kreike, B. Ajouaou et al., Divergent effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor expression on prognosis of estrogen receptor positive versus triple negative invasive ductal breast carcinoma, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol.23, issue.2, pp.725-761, 2011.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.2004.01.0454

S. Shin, G. Gong, H. Lee, J. Kang, Y. Bae et al., Positive Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Receptor Is Associated with a Positive Hormone Receptor Status and a Favorable Prognosis in Breast Cancer, Journal of Breast Cancer, vol.17, issue.2, pp.113-133, 2014.
DOI : 10.4048/jbc.2014.17.2.113

F. Queiroga, M. Pérez-alenza, G. Silvan, L. Peña, C. Lopes et al., Crosstalk between GH/IGF-I axis and steroid hormones (progesterone, 17??-estradiol) in canine mammary tumours, The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, vol.110, issue.1-2, pp.76-82, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.02.005

I. Dolka, T. Motyl, E. Malicka, R. Sapierzynski, and M. Fabisiak, Relationship between receptors for insulin-like growth factor -I, steroid hormones and apoptosisassociated proteins in canine mammary tumors, Pol J Vet Sci, vol.14, pp.245-51, 2011.

R. Klopfleisch, H. Hvid, P. Klose, A. Da-costa, and A. Gruber, Insulin receptor is expressed in normal canine mammary gland and benign adenomas but decreased in metastatic canine mammary carcinomas similar to human breast cancer, Veterinary and Comparative Oncology, vol.39, issue.4, pp.293-301, 2010.
DOI : 10.1042/bj2700383

E. Macewen, J. Pastor, J. Kutzke, R. Tsan, I. Kurzman et al., IGF-1 receptor contributes to the malignant phenotype in human and canine osteosarcoma, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol.6, issue.1, pp.77-91, 2004.
DOI : 10.1677/joe.0.1370151

L. Maniscalco, S. Iussich, E. Morello, M. Martano, F. Gattino et al., Increased expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is correlated with worse survival in canine appendicular osteosarcoma, The Veterinary Journal, vol.205, issue.2, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.09.005

D. Thamm, M. Huelsmeyer, A. Mitzey, B. Qurollo, B. Rose et al., RT-PCR-based tyrosine kinase display profiling of canine melanoma: IGF-1 receptor as a potential therapeutic target, Melanoma Research, vol.20, issue.1, pp.35-42, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/CMR.0b013e328331ca86

M. Peters, J. Mol, M. Van-wolferen, M. Oosterlaken-dijksterhuis, K. Teerds et al., Expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system and steroidogenic enzymes in canine testis tumors, Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, vol.1, issue.1, p.22, 2003.
DOI : 10.1186/1477-7827-1-22

M. Shamloula, S. El-shorbagy, and E. Saied, P63 and cytokeratin8/18 expression in breast, atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive duct carcinoma, J Egypt Natl Canc Inst, vol.19, pp.202-212, 2007.

T. Moriya, N. Kanomata, Y. Kozuka, M. Fukumoto, N. Iwachido et al., Usefulness of immunohistochemistry for differential diagnosis between benign and malignant breast lesions, Breast Cancer, vol.51, issue.3, pp.173-181, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s12282-009-0127-7

W. Misdrop, R. Else, E. Hellmen, and . Lt, Histological classification of mammary tumors of the dog and the cat In World Health Organization International Histological Classification of Tumors of Domestic Animals, pp.1-59, 1999.

M. Goldschmidt, L. Peña, R. Rasotto, and V. Zappulli, Classification and Grading of Canine Mammary Tumors, Veterinary Pathology, vol.34, issue.1, pp.117-148, 2011.
DOI : 10.1080/01652176.1993.9694381
URL : http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0300985810393258

C. Elston and I. Ellis, pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up, Histopathology, vol.9, issue.5, pp.403-413, 1991.
DOI : 10.1038/bjc.1987.230

L. Peña, A. Gama, M. Goldschmidt, J. Abadie, C. Benazzi et al., Canine Mammary Tumors, Veterinary Pathology, vol.132, issue.1, pp.127-172, 2014.
DOI : 10.1097/00125480-200007020-00005

E. Senkus, S. Kyriakides, F. Penault-llorca, P. Poortmans, A. Thompson et al., Primary breast cancer: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, Ann Oncol, vol.24, issue.6, pp.7-23, 2013.

A. Wolff, M. Hammond, D. Hicks, M. Dowsett, L. Mcshane et al., Recommendations for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Clinical Practice Guideline Update, Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.31, issue.31, pp.3997-4013, 2013.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.2013.50.9984

C. Shimizu, T. Hasegawa, Y. Tani, F. Takahashi, M. Takeuchi et al., Expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in primary breast cancer: Immunohistochemical analysis, Human Pathology, vol.35, issue.12, pp.1537-1579, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.humpath.2004.09.005

A. Gama, F. Gärtner, A. Alves, and F. Schmitt, Immunohistochemical expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in canine mammary tissues, Research in Veterinary Science, vol.87, issue.3, pp.432-439, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.04.016

E. Rakha, M. Sayed, A. Green, E. Paish, A. Lee et al., Breast carcinoma with basal differentiation: a proposal for pathology definition based on basal cytokeratin expression, Histopathology, vol.69, issue.4, pp.434-442, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/path.1559

V. Papa, B. Gliozzo, G. Clark, W. Mcguire, D. Moore et al., Insulin-like growth factor-I receptors are overexpressed and predict a low risk in human breast cancer, Cancer Res, vol.53, pp.3736-3776, 1993.

L. Happerfield, D. Miles, D. Barnes, L. Thomsen, P. Smith et al., The localization of the insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGFR-1) in benign and malignant breast tissue, The Journal of Pathology, vol.75, issue.4, pp.412-419, 1997.
DOI : 10.1038/bjc.1997.41

J. Iqbal, A. Thike, P. Cheok, G. Tse, and P. Tan, Insulin growth factor receptor-1 expression and loss of PTEN protein predict early recurrence in triple-negative breast cancer, Histopathology, vol.133, issue.4, pp.652-661, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2008.04.013

R. Bhargava, S. Beriwal, K. Mcmanus, and D. Dabbs, Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor-1 (IGF-1R) Expression in Normal Breast, Proliferative Breast Lesions, and Breast Carcinoma, Applied Immunohistochemistry & Molecular Morphology, vol.19, pp.218-243, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/PAI.0b013e3181ffc58c

R. Tamimi, G. Colditz, Y. Wang, L. Collins, R. Hu et al., Expression of IGF1R in normal breast tissue and subsequent risk of breast cancer, Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, vol.13, issue.4, pp.243-50, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s10911-008-9104-6

K. Aaltonen, A. Rosendahl, H. Olsson, P. Malmström, L. Hartman et al., Association between insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) negativity and poor prognosis in a cohort of women with primary breast cancer, BMC Cancer, vol.33, issue.1, p.794, 2014.
DOI : 10.1038/onc.2012.572

B. Schnarr, K. Strunz, J. Ohsam, A. Benner, J. Wacker et al., Down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 expression in advanced human breast cancer, International Journal of Cancer, vol.24, issue.6, pp.506-519, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01047461

J. Law, G. Habibi, K. Hu, H. Masoudi, M. Wang et al., Phosphorylated Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I/Insulin Receptor Is Present in All Breast Cancer Subtypes and Is Related to Poor Survival, Cancer Research, vol.68, issue.24, pp.10238-10284, 2008.
DOI : 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2755
URL : http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/68/24/10238.full.pdf

I. Hamelers and P. Steenbergh, Interactions between estrogen and insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways in human breast tumor cells, Endocrine Related Cancer, vol.10, issue.2, pp.331-376, 2003.
DOI : 10.1677/erc.0.0100331
URL : http://erc.endocrinology-journals.org/content/10/2/331.full.pdf

E. Surmacz and M. Bartucci, Role of estrogen receptor alpha in modulating IGF-I receptor signaling and function in breast cancer, J Exp Clin Cancer Res, vol.23, pp.385-94, 2004.

K. Chong, A. Subramanian, K. Mokbel, and A. Sharma, The prognostic significance of the insulin-like growth factor-1 ligand and receptor expression in breast cancer tissue, Journal of Surgical Oncology, vol.241, issue.3, pp.228-263, 2011.
DOI : 10.1097/01.sla.0000150245.45558.a9

S. Maor, A. Yosepovich, M. Papa, R. Yarden, D. Mayer et al., Elevated insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) levels in primary breast tumors associated with BRCA1 mutations, Cancer Letters, vol.257, issue.2, pp.236-279, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.canlet.2007.07.019

G. Peiró, E. Adrover, L. Sánchez-tejada, E. Lerma, M. Planelles et al., Increased insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor mRNA expression predicts poor survival in immunophenotypes of early breast carcinoma, Modern Pathology, vol.22, issue.2, pp.201-209, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17947-1

P. Boyle, Triple-negative breast cancer: epidemiological considerations and recommendations, Annals of Oncology, vol.15, issue.8, pp.7-12, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/nm0809-842
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01262979

O. Engebraaten, H. Vollan, and A. Børresen-dale, Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and the Need for New Therapeutic Targets, The American Journal of Pathology, vol.183, issue.4, pp.1064-74, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.05.033

H. Beckwith and Y. D. , Insulin-Like Growth Factors, Insulin, and Growth Hormone Signaling in Breast Cancer: Implications for Targeted Therapy, Endocrine Practice, vol.20, issue.11, pp.1-18, 2014.
DOI : 10.4158/EP14208.RA