M. Leccia, N. Auffret, F. Poli, J. Claudel, S. Corvec et al., Topical acne treatments in Europe and the issue of antimicrobial resistance, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, vol.4, issue.4 Suppl, pp.1485-1492, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10344.x

A. Jahns, H. Eilers, and O. Alexeyev, Transcriptomic analysis of Propionibacterium acnes biofilms in??vitro, Anaerobe, vol.42, pp.111-118, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2016.10.001

H. Lomholt and M. Kilian, Population genetic analysis of Propionibacterium acnes identifies a subpopulation and epidemic clones associated with acne. PLoS One 5:e12277. https, 2010.

F. Jasson, I. Nagy, A. Knol, T. Zuliani, A. Khammari et al., modulate differently the cutaneous innate immunity, Experimental Dermatology, vol.12, issue.9, pp.587-592, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3283312956

M. Saint-jean, C. Frenard, L. Bras, M. Aubin, G. Corvec et al., Testosterone-induced acne fulminans in twins with??Kallmann's syndrome, JAAD Case Reports, vol.1, issue.1, pp.27-29, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jdcr.2014.10.005

K. Hersle, H. Mobacken, and A. Möller, Chronic non-scarring folliculitis of the scalp, Acta Derm Venereol, vol.59, pp.249-253, 1979.

P. Bémer, S. Corvec, S. Tariel, N. Asseray, D. Boutoille et al., Significance of Propionibacterium acnes-Positive Samples in Spinal Instrumentation, Spine, vol.33, issue.26, pp.971-976, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31818e28dc

M. Portillo, S. Corvec, O. Borens, and A. Trampuz, : An Underestimated Pathogen in Implant-Associated Infections, BioMed Research International, vol.56, issue.4, p.804391, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03359.x

G. Aubin, M. Portillo, A. Trampuz, and S. Corvec, Propionibacterium acnes, an emerging pathogen: From acne to implant-infections, from phylotype to resistance, M??decine et Maladies Infectieuses, vol.44, issue.6, pp.241-250, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.medmal.2014.02.004

C. Scholz, A. Jensen, H. Lomholt, H. Brüggemann, and M. Kilian, A Novel High-Resolution Single Locus Sequence Typing Scheme for Mixed Populations of Propionibacterium acnes In Vivo, PLoS ONE, vol.14, issue.8, p.104199, 2014.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0104199.s004

S. Sadhasivam, M. Sinha, S. Saini, S. Kaur, T. Gupta et al., isolates and its therapeutic implications: blurring the lines between commensal and pathogenic phylotypes, Dermatologic Therapy, vol.6, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.451-454, 2016.
DOI : 10.1038/jid.2013.438

C. Oprica, S. Löfmark, B. Lund, C. Edlund, L. Emtestam et al., Genetic basis of resistance in Propionibacterium acnes strains isolated from diverse types of infection in different European countries, Anaerobe, vol.11, issue.3, pp.137-143, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.01.005

B. Dreno, D. Thiboutot, H. Gollnick, V. Bettoli, S. Kang et al., Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne Antibiotic stewardship in dermatology: limiting antibiotic use in acne, Eur J Dermatol, vol.24, pp.330-334, 2014.

G. Aubin, S. Kambarev, P. Bémer, P. Lawson, and S. Corvec, Draft genome sequence of highly rifampin-resistant Propionibacterium namnetense NTS 31307302 T isolated from a patient with a bone infection, Genome Announc, vol.4, issue.4, pp.819-1600819, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01822375

A. Darling, B. Mau, F. Blattner, and N. Perna, Mauve: Multiple Alignment of Conserved Genomic Sequence With Rearrangements, Genome Research, vol.14, issue.7, pp.1394-1403, 2004.
DOI : 10.1101/gr.2289704

S. Angiuoli, A. Gussman, W. Klimke, G. Cochrane, D. Field et al., Toward an Online Repository of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for (Meta)genomic Annotation, OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology, vol.12, issue.2, pp.137-1410017, 2008.
DOI : 10.1089/omi.2008.0017

I. Lee, Y. Kim, S. Park, and J. Chun, OrthoANI: An improved algorithm and software for calculating average nucleotide identity, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, vol.66, issue.2, 2015.
DOI : 10.1099/ijs.0.070664-0

G. Aubin, P. Bémer, S. Kambarev, N. Patel, O. Lemenand et al., Propionibacterium namnetense sp. nov., isolated from a human bone infection, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, vol.33, issue.9, 2016.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMra040181
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01822416

H. Lomholt and M. Kilian, Clonality and Anatomic Distribution on the Skin of Antibiotic Resistant and Sensitive Propionibacterium acnes, Acta Dermato Venereologica, vol.94, issue.5, pp.534-53800015555, 2014.
DOI : 10.2340/00015555-1794

C. Scholz, H. Brüggemann, H. Lomholt, H. Tettelin, and M. Kilian, Genome stability of Propionibacterium acnes: a comprehensive study of indels and homopolymeric tracts. Sci Rep 6:20662. https, 2016.

H. Brüggemann, H. Lomholt, and M. Kilian, Mobile Genetic Elements, vol.65, issue.3, pp.145-148, 2012.
DOI : 10.1128/JB.05036-11