, comedogenesis: an update, Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol, vol.8, pp.371-388, 2015.

N. Ismail, Z. Manaf, and N. Azizan, High glycemic load diet, milk and ice cream consumption are related to acne vulgaris in Malaysian young adults: a case control study, BMC Dermatology, vol.62, issue.9, p.13, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nut.2010.05.011

S. Vongraviopap and P. Asawanonda, Dark chocolate exacerbates acne, International Journal of Dermatology, vol.48, issue.5, pp.587-591, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04002.x

G. Delost, M. Delost, and J. Lloyd, The impact of chocolate consumption on acne vulgaris in college students: A randomized crossover study, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, vol.75, issue.1, pp.220-222, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.1159

K. Szabo, L. Erdei, B. Bolla, G. Tax, T. Biro et al., Factors shaping the composition of the cutaneous microbiota, British Journal of Dermatology, vol.22, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.344-351, 2017.
DOI : 10.1038/nm.4039

E. Grice and J. Segre, The skin microbiome, Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol.14, issue.4, pp.244-253, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-7799(96)10025-1

R. Katta and S. Desai, Diet and dermatology: the role of dietary intervention in skin disease, J Clin Aesthet Dermatol, vol.7, pp.46-51, 2014.

W. Veith and N. Silverberg, The association of acne vulgaris with diet, Cutis, vol.88, pp.84-91, 2011.

S. Norstedt and M. Lindberg, Dietary Regimes for Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Critical Review of Published Clinical Trials, Acta Dermato Venereologica, vol.96, issue.2, pp.283-284, 2016.
DOI : 10.2340/00015555-2231

C. Adebamowo, D. Spiegelman, C. Berkey, F. Danby, H. Rockett et al., Milk consumption and acne in teenaged boys, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, vol.58, issue.5, pp.787-793, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.08.049

C. Adebamowo, D. Spiegelman, F. Danby, A. Frazier, W. Willett et al., High school dietary dairy intake and teenage acne, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, vol.52, issue.2, pp.207-214, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.08.007

L. Cordain, S. Lindeberg, M. Hurtado, K. Hill, S. Eaton et al., Acne Vulgaris, Archives of Dermatology, vol.138, issue.12, pp.1584-1590, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/archderm.138.12.1584

T. Simonart, Acne and Whey Protein Supplementation among Bodybuilders, Dermatology, vol.5, issue.3, pp.256-258, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2007.06176.x

B. Melnik, Evidence for Acne-Promoting Effects of Milk and Other Insulinotropic Dairy Products, Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program, vol.67, pp.131-145, 2011.
DOI : 10.1159/000325580

F. Cengiz, C. Cemil, B. Emiroglu, N. , G. Bahali et al., Acne located on the trunk, whey protein supplementation: Is there any association?, Health Promotion Perspectives, vol.7, issue.2, pp.106-108, 2017.
DOI : 10.15171/hpp.2017.19

N. Silverberg, Whey protein precipitating moderate to severe acne flares in 5 teenaged athletes, Cutis, vol.90, pp.70-72, 2012.

G. Fabbrocini, M. Bertona, O. Picazo, H. Pareja-galeano, G. Monfrecola et al., SP1 normalises skin expression of genes implicated in insulin signalling and improves adult acne, Beneficial Microbes, vol.7, issue.5, pp.625-630, 2016.
DOI : 10.3920/BM2016.0089

F. Marchetti, R. Capizzi, and A. Tulli, Efficacy of regulators of the intestinal bacterial flora in the therapy of acne vulgaris], Clin Ter, vol.122, pp.339-343, 1987.

G. Jung, J. Tse, I. Guiha, and J. Rao, Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Trial Comparing the Safety, Efficacy, and Tolerability of an Acne Treatment Regimen with and without a Probiotic Supplement and Minocycline in Subjects with Mild to Moderate Acne, Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, vol.42, issue.2, pp.114-122, 2013.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.176.2.1228

A. Clark, K. Haas, and R. Sivamani, Edible Plants and Their Influence on the Gut Microbiome and Acne, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol.6, issue.5, p.1070, 2017.
DOI : 10.1055/s-2006-957450

M. Faure and E. Drapier-faure, Acn?? et contraception hormonale, Annales de Dermatologie et de V??n??r??ologie, vol.137, issue.11, pp.746-74950, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.annder.2010.09.003

K. Tyler and M. Zirwas, Contraception and the dermatologist, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, vol.68, issue.6, pp.1022-1029, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaad.2012.11.018

D. Lortscher, S. Admani, N. Satur, and L. Eichenfield, Hormonal contraceptives and acne: a retrospective analysis of 2147 patients, J Drugs Dermatol, vol.15, pp.670-674, 2016.

J. Ilse, H. Greenberg, and D. Bennett, Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and new-onset acne, Cutis, vol.82, p.158, 2008.

E. Cohen and N. Rossen, Acne vulgaris in connection with the use of progestagens in a hormonal IUD or a subcutaneous implant], Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, vol.147, pp.2137-2139, 2003.

R. Palatsi, P. Ylostalo, and A. Taipale, Treatment of acne with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol, Acta Derm Venereol, vol.58, pp.449-454, 1978.

K. Wierckx, F. Van-de-peer, E. Verhaeghe, D. Dedecker, E. Van-caenegem et al., Short??? and Long???Term Clinical Skin Effects of Testosterone Treatment in Trans Men, The Journal of Sexual Medicine, vol.11, issue.1, pp.222-229, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/jsm.12366

J. Walker and B. Adams, Cutaneous manifestations of anabolic-androgenic steroid use in athletes, International Journal of Dermatology, vol.54, issue.10, pp.1044-1048, 2009.
DOI : 10.3122/15572625-13-2-134

S. Kraus, S. Emmert, M. Schon, and H. Haenssle, The Dark Side of Beauty: Acne Fulminans Induced by Anabolic Steroids in a Male Bodybuilder, Archives of Dermatology, vol.148, issue.10, pp.1210-1212, 2012.
DOI : 10.1001/archdermatol.2012.855

M. Perez, L. Navajas-galimany, A. Antunez-lay, A. Hasson, W. Cunliffe et al., When strength turns into disease: acne fulminans in a bodybuilder, Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, vol.87, issue.5, pp.706-148, 1993.
DOI : 10.1590/S0365-05962012000400015
URL : http://www.scielo.br/pdf/abd/v91n5/0365-0596-abd-91-05-0706.pdf

J. Kazandjieva and N. Tsankov, Drug-induced acne, Clinics in Dermatology, vol.35, issue.2, pp.156-162, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.10.007

P. Moroni, F. Pierini, R. Zerboni, C. Nava, P. Pigatto et al., Skin pathology in industrial workers exposed to synthetic corticosteroids, Derm Beruf Umwelt, vol.33, pp.220-222, 1985.

M. Mackesy, C. Selhorst, and S. Raza, Immunosuppressant-Induced Acneiform Eruption of the Breast, The Breast Journal, vol.53, issue.6, pp.650-652, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s00105-002-0358-4

I. Balta and P. Ozuguz, Vitamin B12-induced acneiform eruption, Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, vol.48, issue.2, pp.94-95, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2011.05027.x

F. Scarfi and M. Arunachalam, Lithium acne 65 Thaler CJ. Folate metabolism and human reproduction, CMAJ Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, vol.185, issue.74, pp.1525-845, 2013.

T. Hubiche and V. Sibaud, Localized acne induced by radiation therapy, Dermatol Online J, vol.20, p.21545, 2014.

W. Martin and A. Bardsley, The comedo skin reaction to radiotherapy, The British Journal of Radiology, vol.75, issue.893, pp.478-481, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1978.tb01496.x

C. Klemke, S. Nestoris, L. Wolfer, S. Krengel, C. Zouboulis et al., Radiogene Akne, Der Hautarzt, vol.51, issue.3, pp.187-191, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s001050051018

D. Kang, B. Shi, M. Erfe, N. Craft, and H. Li, Vitamin B12 modulates the transcriptome of the skin microbiota in acne pathogenesis, Sci Transl Med, vol.7, pp.293-103, 2015.

A. Kimyai-asadi and M. Jih, Follicular Toxic Effects of Chimeric Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody Cetuximab Used to Treat Human Solid Tumors, Archives of Dermatology, vol.138, issue.1, pp.129-131, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/archderm.138.1.129

A. Kligman, O. Mills, . Jr, and . Acne, "Acne Cosmetica", Archives of Dermatology, vol.106, issue.6, pp.843-850, 1972.
DOI : 10.1001/archderm.1972.01620150029011

S. Nguyen, T. Dang, and H. Maibach, Comedogenicity in Rabbit, Cutan Ocul Toxicol, vol.26, pp.287-292, 2007.
DOI : 10.1201/b15273-57

J. Tarun, J. Susan, J. Suria, V. Susan, and S. Criton, Evaluation of pH of bathing soaps and shampoos for skin and hair care, Indian Journal of Dermatology, vol.59, issue.5, pp.442-444, 2014.
DOI : 10.4103/0019-5154.139861
URL : https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.139861

G. Plewig, J. Fulton, and A. Kligman, Pomade Acne, Archives of Dermatology, vol.101, issue.5, pp.580-584, 1970.
DOI : 10.1001/archderm.1970.04000050084011

B. Dreno, V. Bettoli, M. Perez, A. Bouloc, and F. Ochsendorf, Cutaneous lesions caused by mechanical injury, Eur J Dermatol, vol.25, pp.114-121, 2015.

M. Lebwohl and L. Herrmann, Impaired skin barrier function in dermatologic disease and repair with moisturization, Cutis, vol.76, issue.6, pp.7-12, 2005.

J. Krutmann, D. Moyal, W. Liu, S. Kandahari, G. Lee et al., Pollution and acne: is there a link?, Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, vol.10, pp.199-204, 2017.
DOI : 10.2147/CCID.S131323
URL : https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=36601

D. Pham, B. Boussouira, D. Moyal, and Q. Nguyen, Oxidization of squalene, a human skin lipid: a new and reliable marker of environmental pollution studies, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol.13, issue.4, pp.357-365, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/jocd.12081

M. Lefebvre, D. Pham, B. Boussouira, D. Bernard, C. Camus et al., Evaluation of the impact of urban pollution on the quality of skin: a multicentre study in Mexico, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol.22, issue.Suppl 5, pp.329-338, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/exd.12125

M. Lefebvre, D. Pham, B. Boussouira, H. Qiu, C. Ye et al., Consequences of urban pollution upon skin status. A controlled study in Shanghai area, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol.19, issue.Suppl 5, pp.217-223, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/0891-5849(95)02033-7

M. Das and M. Misra, Acne and folliculitis due to diesel oil, Contact Dermatitis, vol.20, issue.2, pp.120-121, 1988.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.1967.03120230126019

B. Adams, V. Chetty, and D. Mutasim, Periorbital comedones and their relationship to pitch tar: A cross-sectional analysis and a review of the literature, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, vol.42, issue.4, pp.624-627, 2000.
DOI : 10.1067/mjd.2000.101600

G. Moustafa, E. Xanthopoulou, E. Riza, and A. Linos, Skin disease after occupational dermal exposure to coal tar: a review of the scientific literature, International Journal of Dermatology, vol.105, issue.8, pp.868-879, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00885.x

A. Wolf, F. Gruber, and D. Jakac, Acneiform eruptions in female workers at a cable factory], Berufsdermatosen, vol.25, pp.229-236, 1977.

G. Fabbrocini, G. Kaya, C. Silverio, P. , D. Vita et al., Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation in Acne Vulgaris Skin: A Case Series from the Region of Naples, Italy, Dermatology, vol.231, issue.4, pp.334-338, 2015.
DOI : 10.1159/000439402

A. Ancona, Occupational acne, Occup Med, vol.1, pp.229-243, 1986.

B. Demir and D. Cicek, Occupational Acne, Acne and Acneiform Eruptions. InTech, p.4, 2017.
DOI : 10.5772/64905

F. Kokelj, Occupational acne, Clinics in Dermatology, vol.10, issue.2, pp.213-217, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0738-081X(92)90108-B

J. Farkas, Oil acne from mineral oil among workers making prefabricated concrete panels, Contact Dermatitis, vol.31, issue.2, p.141, 1982.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0536.1982.tb04167.x

Q. Ju, C. Zouboulis, and L. Xia, Environmental pollution and acne-chloracne, Dermato-Endocrinology, vol.28, issue.3, pp.125-128, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.12.014
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2835904?pdf=render

F. Caramaschi, G. Del-corno, C. Favaretti, S. Giambelluca, E. Montesarchio et al., Chloracne Following Environmental Contamination by TCDD in Seveso, Italy, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.10, issue.2, pp.135-143, 1981.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/10.2.135

P. 92-wolkenstein, L. Misery, J. Amici, R. Maghia, S. Branchoux et al., Smoking and Dietary Factors Associated with Moderate-to-Severe Acne in French Adolescents and Young Adults: Results of a Survey Using a Representative Sample, Dermatology, vol.230, issue.1, pp.34-39, 2015.
DOI : 10.1159/000366195

P. 93-wolkenstein, A. Machovcova, J. Szepietowski, D. Tennstedt, S. Veraldi et al., Acne prevalence and associations with lifestyle: a cross-sectional online survey of adolescents/young adults in 7 European countries, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, vol.204, issue.2, 2017.
DOI : 10.1159/000057878

B. Capitanio, J. Sinagra, M. Ottaviani, V. Bordignon, A. Amantea et al., Acne and smoking, Dermato-Endocrinology, vol.109, issue.3, pp.129-135, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08959.x

B. Capitanio, J. Sinagra, V. Bordignon, C. Fei, P. Picardo et al., Underestimated clinical features of postadolescent acne, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, vol.63, issue.5, pp.782-788, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.11.021

P. Puri, S. Nandar, S. Kathuria, and R. V. , Effects of air pollution on the skin: a review, Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol, vol.83, pp.415-423, 2017.

M. Belushkin, G. Jaccard, and A. Kondylis, Considerations for comparative tobacco product assessments based on smoke constituent yields, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol.73, issue.1, pp.105-113, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.06.017
URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.06.017

A. Calafat, G. Polzin, J. Saylor, P. Richter, D. Ashley et al., Determination of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields in the mainstream smoke of selected international cigarettes, Tobacco Control, vol.13, issue.1, pp.45-51, 2004.
DOI : 10.1136/tc.2003.003673

G. Valacchi, C. Sticozzi, A. Pecorelli, F. Cervellati, C. Cervellati et al., Cutaneous responses to environmental stressors, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.160, issue.235, pp.75-81, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.013
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06724.x/pdf

L. Jorgensen, F. Kallehave, E. Christensen, J. Siana, and F. Gottrup, Less collagen production in smokers, Surgery, vol.123, issue.4, pp.450-455, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0039-6060(98)70167-9

M. Just, M. Ribera, E. Monso, J. Lorenzo, and C. Ferrandiz, Effect of smoking on skin elastic fibres: morphometric and immunohistochemical analysis, British Journal of Dermatology, vol.31, issue.55, pp.85-91, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05818.x

A. Patterson, F. Tian, D. Elston, and B. Kaffenberger, Occluded Cigarette Smoke Exposure Causing Localized Chloracne-Like Comedones, Dermatology, vol.231, issue.4, pp.322-325, 2015.
DOI : 10.1159/000439046

, 103

Y. Yang, H. Lim, K. Hong, M. Shin, J. Lee et al., Cigarette Smoke-Induced Interleukin-1 Alpha May Be Involved in the Pathogenesis of Adult Acne, Annals of Dermatology, vol.26, issue.1, pp.11-16, 2014.
DOI : 10.5021/ad.2014.26.1.11

I. Klaz, I. Kochba, T. Shohat, S. Zarka, and S. Brenner, Severe Acne Vulgaris and Tobacco Smoking in Young Men, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol.126, issue.8, pp.1749-1752, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.jid.5700326

I. Crivellari, C. Sticozzi, G. Belmonte, X. Muresan, F. Cervellati et al., SRB1 as a new redox target of cigarette smoke in human sebocytes, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.102, pp.47-56, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.021

C. Sticozzi, G. Belmonte, A. Pecorelli, B. Arezzini, C. Gardi et al., Cigarette Smoke Affects Keratinocytes SRB1 Expression and Localization via H2O2 Production and HNE Protein Adducts Formation, PLoS ONE, vol.55, issue.8???9, p.33592, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0033592.g012
URL : https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0033592&type=printable

S. Tucker, Occupational tropical acne, Cutis, vol.31, pp.79-81, 1983.

G. Plewig and A. Kligman, Acne Tropicalis (Tropical Acne) ACNE and ROSACEA 109 Novy FG Jr. Tropical acne, Calif Med, vol.65, pp.274-277, 1946.

K. Sardana, R. Sharma, and R. Sarkar, Seasonal Variation in Acne Vulgaris-Myth or Reality, The Journal of Dermatology, vol.90, issue.8, pp.484-488, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-97234-8_88

M. Gfesser and W. Worret, SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE SEVERITY OF ACNE VULGARIS, International Journal of Dermatology, vol.4, issue.2, pp.116-117, 1996.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb01615.x

W. Lee, K. Park, M. Sohn, W. Lee, S. Lee et al., Ultraviolet B irradiation increases the expression of inflammatory cytokines in cultured sebocytes, The Journal of Dermatology, vol.5, issue.12, pp.993-997, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb05408.x

W. Lee, S. Chae, H. Ryu, Y. Jang, S. Lee et al., Inflammatory Cytokine Expression and Sebum Production after Exposure of Cultured Human Sebocytes to Ultraviolet A Radiation and Light at Wavelengths of 650 nm and 830 nm, Annals of Dermatology, vol.27, issue.2, pp.163-170, 2015.
DOI : 10.5021/ad.2015.27.2.163

G. Plewig and A. Kligman, Ultraviolet Radiation. ACNE and ROSACEA, 2000.

T. Scott, P. Christian, M. Kesler, K. Donohue, B. Shelton et al., Pigment-independent cAMP-mediated epidermal thickening protects against cutaneous UV injury by keratinocyte proliferation, Experimental Dermatology, vol.24, issue.Suppl 3, pp.771-777, 2012.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.1937710
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3481176?pdf=render

D. Suh, T. Kwon, and J. Youn, Changes of comedonal cytokines and sebum secretion after UV irradiation in acne patients, Eur J Dermatol, vol.12, pp.139-144, 2002.

V. Patra, S. Byrne, and P. Wolf, The skin microbiome: is it affected by UVinduced Immune suppression?, Front Microbiol, vol.7, p.1235, 2016.
DOI : 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01235
URL : http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01235/pdf

S. Shenoi and S. Prabhu, Role of cultural factors in the biopsychosocial model of psychosomatic skin diseases: an Indian perspective, Clinics in Dermatology, vol.31, issue.1, pp.62-65, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2011.11.008

A. Picardi and D. Abeni, Stressful Life Events and Skin Diseases: Disentangling Evidence from Myth, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, vol.70, issue.3, pp.118-136, 2001.
DOI : 10.1159/000056237

K. Welp and U. Gieler, Acne vulgaris: morphologic, endocrinologic and psychosomatic aspects], Z Hautkr, vol.65, pp.1139-1145, 1990.

T. Lin, M. Man, J. Santiago, T. Scharschmidt, M. Hupe et al., Paradoxical Benefits of Psychological Stress in Inflammatory Dermatoses Models Are Glucocorticoid Mediated, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol.134, issue.12, pp.2890-2897, 2014.
DOI : 10.1038/jid.2014.265
URL : https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2014.265

A. Chiu, S. Chon, and A. Kimball, The Response of Skin Disease to Stress, Archives of Dermatology, vol.139, issue.7, pp.897-900, 2003.
DOI : 10.1001/archderm.139.7.897
URL : http://archderm.jamanetwork.com/data/journals/derm/11724/dst20068.pdf

R. Albuquerque, M. Rocha, E. Bagatin, S. Tufik, and M. Andersen, Could adult female acne be associated with modern life?, Archives of Dermatological Research, vol.99, issue.Suppl 4, pp.683-688, 2014.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.102180999

C. Dangoisse, Atopic dermatitis, Rev Med Brux, vol.32, pp.230-234, 2011.

W. Peng and N. Novak, Pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, vol.192, issue.3, pp.566-574, 2015.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.1300102

M. Huynh, R. Gupta, and J. Koo, Emotional Stress as a Trigger for Inflammatory Skin Disorders, Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery, vol.32, issue.2, pp.68-72, 2013.
DOI : 10.12788/j.sder.0003

M. Heller, E. Lee, and J. Koo, Stress as an influencing factor in psoriasis, Skin Therapy Lett, vol.16, pp.1-4, 2011.

A. 128-rokowska-waluch, M. Pawlaczyk, M. Cybulski, J. Zurawski, M. Kaczmarek et al., Stressful Events and Serum Concentration of Substance P in Acne Patients, Annals of Dermatology, vol.28, issue.4, pp.464-469, 2016.
DOI : 10.5021/ad.2016.28.4.464

G. 129-martin-ezquerra, M. Man, M. Hupe, M. Rodriguez-martin, J. Youm et al., Psychological stress regulates antimicrobial peptide expression by both glucocorticoid and beta-adrenergic mechanisms, Eur J Dermatol, vol.21, issue.2, pp.48-51, 2011.

C. Campbell and B. Strassmann, The blemishes of modern society?, Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, vol.67, issue.1, pp.325-337, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2006.01791.x

S. Ghodsi, H. Orawa, and C. Zouboulis, Prevalence, Severity, and Severity Risk Factors of Acne in High School Pupils: A Community-Based Study, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol.129, issue.9, pp.2136-2141, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/jid.2009.47

R. Ganceviciene, V. Graziene, S. Fimmel, and C. Zouboulis, Involvement of the corticotropin-releasing hormone system in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, British Journal of Dermatology, vol.84, issue.2, pp.345-352, 2009.
DOI : 10.14310/horm.2002.11109

M. Toyoda, M. Nakamura, and M. Morohashi, Neuropeptides and sebaceous glands, Eur J Dermatol, vol.12, pp.422-427, 2002.

M. Taheri, M. Darabyan, E. Izadbakhsh, F. Nouri, M. Haghani et al., Exposure to visible light emitted from smartphones and tablets increases the proliferation of Staphylococcus aureus: can this be linked to acne?, J Biomed Phys Eng, vol.7, pp.163-168, 2017.

A. Nast, B. Dreno, V. Bettoli, B. Mokos, Z. Degitz et al., European evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of acne - update 2016 - short version, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, vol.30, issue.8, pp.1261-1268, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/jdv.13776
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jdv.13776/pdf

H. Gollnick, V. Bettoli, J. Lambert, E. Araviiskaia, I. Binic et al., A consensus-based practical and daily guide for the treatment of acne patients, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, vol.18, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.1480-1490, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2230.1993.tb02242.x

A. Zaenglein, A. Pathy, B. Schlosser, A. Alikhan, H. Baldwin et al., Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, vol.74, issue.5, pp.945-973, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.037

J. Choi, V. Lew, and A. Kimball, A Single-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effect of Face Washing on Acne Vulgaris, Pediatric Dermatology, vol.75, issue.5, pp.421-427, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0196-6553(99)70052-0