T. A. Fehniger, M. H. Shah, M. J. Turner, J. B. Vandeusen, S. P. Whitman et al., Differential cytokine and chemokine gene expression by human NK cells following activation with IL-18 or IL-15 in combination with IL-12: implications for the innate immune response, J. Immunol, vol.162, pp.4511-4520, 1999.

L. Chiossone, M. Vienne, Y. M. Kerdiles, and E. Vivier, Natural killer cell immunotherapies against cancer: checkpoint inhibitors and more, Seminars in Immunology, vol.31, pp.55-63, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.003
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01764667

K. H. Grabstein, J. Eisenman, K. Shanebeck, C. Rauch, S. Srinivasan et al., Cloning of a T cell growth factor that interacts with the beta chain of the interleukin-2 receptor, Science, vol.264, issue.5161, pp.965-968, 1994.
DOI : 10.1126/science.8178155

M. K. Kennedy, M. Glaccum, S. N. Brown, E. A. Butz, J. L. Viney et al., Reversible Defects in Natural Killer and Memory Cd8 T Cell Lineages in Interleukin 15???Deficient Mice, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.10, issue.5, pp.771-780, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/intimm/9.9.1367
URL : http://jem.rupress.org/content/jem/191/5/771.full.pdf

J. P. Lodolce, D. L. Boone, S. Chai, R. E. Swain, T. Dassopoulos et al., IL-15 Receptor Maintains Lymphoid Homeostasis by Supporting Lymphocyte Homing and Proliferation, Immunity, vol.9, issue.5, pp.669-676, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80664-0
URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80664-0

H. Suzuki, G. S. Duncan, H. Takimoto, and T. W. Mak, Abnormal Development of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes and Peripheral Natural Killer Cells in Mice Lacking the IL-2 Receptor ?? Chain, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.14, issue.3, pp.499-505, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/eji.1830260942

A. M. Intlekofer, N. Takemoto, E. J. Wherry, S. A. Longworth, J. T. Northrup et al., Effector and memory CD8+ T cell fate coupled by T-bet and eomesodermin, Nature Immunology, vol.174, issue.12, pp.113-1236, 2005.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.174.7.4019

A. Banerjee, S. M. Gordon, A. M. Intlekofer, M. A. Paley, E. C. Mooney et al., Cutting Edge: The Transcription Factor Eomesodermin Enables CD8+ T Cells To Compete for the Memory Cell Niche, The Journal of Immunology, vol.185, issue.9, pp.4988-4992, 2010.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.1002042
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/185/9/4988.full.pdf

G. Li, Q. Yang, Y. Zhu, H. Wang, X. Chen et al., T-Bet and Eomes Regulate the Balance between the Effector/Central Memory T Cells versus Memory Stem Like T Cells, PLoS ONE, vol.34, issue.6, p.67401, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0067401.s001
URL : http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067401

A. Ma, R. Koka, and P. Burkett, DIVERSE FUNCTIONS OF IL-2, IL-15, AND IL-7 IN LYMPHOID HOMEOSTASIS, Annual Review of Immunology, vol.24, issue.1, pp.657-679, 2006.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090727

Y. Rochman, R. Spolski, and W. J. Leonard, New insights into the regulation of T cells by ??c family cytokines, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.223, issue.7, pp.480-490, 2009.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.174.12.8183

K. Imada, E. T. Bloom, H. Nakajima, J. A. Horvath-arcidiacono, G. B. Udy et al., Stat5b Is Essential for Natural Killer Cell???mediated Proliferation and Cytolytic Activity, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.17, issue.11, pp.2067-2074, 1998.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.17.7.3714
URL : http://jem.rupress.org/content/jem/188/11/2067.full.pdf

M. A. Cooper, J. E. Bush, T. A. Fehniger, J. B. Vandeusen, R. E. Waite et al., In vivo evidence for a dependence on interleukin 15 for survival of natural killer cells, vivo evidence for a dependence on interleukin 15 for survival of natural killer cells, pp.3633-3638, 2002.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2001-12-0293

S. Dubois, J. Mariner, T. A. Waldmann, and Y. Tagaya, IL-15R?? Recycles and Presents IL-15 In trans to Neighboring Cells, Immunity, vol.17, issue.5, pp.537-547, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00429-6
URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00429-6

E. Mortier, T. Woo, R. Advincula, S. Gozalo, and A. Ma, IL-15R?? chaperones IL-15 to stable dendritic cell membrane complexes that activate NK cells via trans presentation, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.161, issue.5, pp.1213-1225, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S1074-7613(02)00365-5
URL : http://jem.rupress.org/content/jem/205/5/1213.full.pdf

J. Marks-konczalik, S. Dubois, J. M. Losi, H. Sabzevari, N. Yamada et al., IL-2-induced activationinduced cell death is inhibited in IL-15 transgenic mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, pp.11445-11450, 2000.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.200363097
URL : http://www.pnas.org/content/97/21/11445.full.pdf

T. A. Waldmann, The biology of interleukin-2 and interleukin-15: implications for cancer therapy and vaccine design, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.153, issue.8, pp.595-601, 2006.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.immunol.14.1.397

M. A. Cheever, Twelve immunotherapy drugs that could cure cancers, Immunological Reviews, vol.174, issue.1, pp.357-368, 2008.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.174.5.2476

K. C. Conlon, E. Lugli, H. C. Welles, S. A. Rosenberg, A. T. Fojo et al., Redistribution, Hyperproliferation, Activation of Natural Killer Cells and CD8 T Cells, and Cytokine Production During First-in-Human Clinical Trial of Recombinant Human Interleukin-15 in Patients With Cancer, Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.33, issue.1, pp.74-82, 2015.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.2014.57.3329

K. Han, X. Zhu, B. Liu, E. Jeng, L. Kong et al., IL-15:IL-15 receptor alpha superagonist complex: High-level co-expression in recombinant mammalian cells, purification and characterization, Cytokine, vol.56, issue.3, pp.804-810, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.09.028
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3221918?pdf=render

T. A. Stoklasek, K. S. Schluns, and L. Lefrançois, Combined IL-15/IL-15R?? Immunotherapy Maximizes IL-15 Activity In Vivo, The Journal of Immunology, vol.177, issue.9, pp.6072-6080, 2006.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.177.9.6072
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/177/9/6072.full.pdf

E. Mortier, A. Quémener, P. Vusio, I. Lorenzen, Y. Boublik et al., Soluble Interleukin-15 Receptor ?? (IL-15R??)-sushi as a Selective and Potent Agonist of IL-15 Action through IL-15R??/??, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.318, issue.3, pp.1612-1619, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nbt0297-142
URL : http://www.jbc.org/content/281/3/1612.full.pdf

S. A. Rosenberg, IL-2: The First Effective Immunotherapy for Human Cancer, The Journal of Immunology, vol.192, issue.12, pp.5451-5458, 2014.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.1490019
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/192/12/5451.full.pdf

G. A. Farina, M. R. York, M. D. Marzio, C. A. Collins, S. Meller et al., Poly(I:C) Drives Type I IFN- and TGF??-Mediated Inflammation and Dermal Fibrosis Simulating Altered Gene Expression in Systemic Sclerosis, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol.130, issue.11, pp.2583-2593, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/jid.2010.200
URL : https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2010.200

A. Barthelemy, S. Ivanov, J. Fontaine, D. Soulard, H. Bouabe et al., Influenza A virus-induced release of interleukin-10 inhibits the anti-microbial activities of invariant natural killer T cells during invasive pneumococcal superinfection, Mucosal Immunology, vol.10, issue.2, pp.460-469, 2017.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.1101477

F. Mattei, G. Schiavoni, F. Belardelli, and D. F. Tough, IL-15 Is Expressed by Dendritic Cells in Response to Type I IFN, Double-Stranded RNA, or Lipopolysaccharide and Promotes Dendritic Cell Activation, The Journal of Immunology, vol.167, issue.3, pp.1179-1187, 2001.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.167.3.1179
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/167/3/1179.full.pdf

Y. Hayakawa and M. J. Smyth, CD27 Dissects Mature NK Cells into Two Subsets with Distinct Responsiveness and Migratory Capacity, The Journal of Immunology, vol.176, issue.3, pp.1517-1524, 2006.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1517
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/176/3/1517.full.pdf

L. Chiossone, J. Chaix, N. Fuseri, C. Roth, E. Vivier et al., Maturation of mouse NK cells is a 4-stage developmental program, Blood, vol.113, issue.22, pp.5488-5496, 2009.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2008-10-187179
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00407779

N. D. Huntington, H. Tabarias, K. Fairfax, J. Brady, Y. Hayakawa et al., NK Cell Maturation and Peripheral Homeostasis Is Associated with KLRG1 Up-Regulation, The Journal of Immunology, vol.178, issue.8, pp.4764-4770, 2007.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.4764
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/178/8/4764.full.pdf

L. L. Lanier, D. W. Buck, L. Rhodes, A. Ding, E. Evans et al., Interleukin 2 activation of natural killer cells rapidly induces the expression and phosphorylation of the Leu-23 activation antigen, Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.167, issue.5, pp.1572-1585, 1988.
DOI : 10.1084/jem.167.5.1572

N. D. Huntington, N. Legrand, N. L. Alves, B. Jaron, K. Weijer et al., IL-15 trans-presentation promotes human NK cell development and differentiation in vivo, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.94, issue.1, pp.25-34, 2009.
DOI : 10.1089/hum.1996.7.12-1405
URL : http://jem.rupress.org/content/jem/206/1/25.full.pdf

K. Schroder, P. J. Hertzog, T. Ravasi, and D. A. Hume, Interferon-??: an overview of signals, mechanisms and functions, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol.96, issue.Suppl. 3, pp.163-189, 2004.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.270.2.933
URL : http://jleuk.highwire.org/content/75/2/163.full.pdf

S. Dubois, H. J. Patel, M. Zhang, T. A. Waldmann, and J. R. Müller, Preassociation of IL-15 with IL-15R??-IgG1-Fc Enhances Its Activity on Proliferation of NK and CD8+/CD44high T Cells and Its Antitumor Action, The Journal of Immunology, vol.180, issue.4, pp.2099-2106, 2008.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2099

A. Bessard, V. Solé, G. Bouchaud, A. Quéméner, and Y. Jacques, High antitumor activity of RLI, an interleukin-15 (IL-15)-IL-15 receptor ?? fusion protein, in metastatic melanoma and colorectal cancer, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, vol.8, issue.9, pp.2736-2745, 2009.
DOI : 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-09-0275
URL : http://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/molcanther/8/9/2736.full.pdf

E. Eckelhart, W. Warsch, E. Zebedin, O. Simma, D. Stoiber et al., A novel Ncr1-Cre mouse reveals the essential role of STAT5 for NK-cell survival and development, Blood, vol.117, issue.5, pp.1565-1573, 2011.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2010-06-291633

M. J. Smyth, M. W. Teng, J. Swann, K. Kyparissoudis, D. I. Godfrey et al., CD4+CD25+ T Regulatory Cells Suppress NK Cell-Mediated Immunotherapy of Cancer, The Journal of Immunology, vol.176, issue.3, pp.1582-1587, 2006.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1582
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/176/3/1582.full.pdf

R. T. Costello, S. Sivori, E. Marcenaro, M. Lafage-pochitaloff, M. Mozziconacci et al., Defective expression and function of natural killer cell-triggering receptors in patients with acute myeloid leukemia, Blood, vol.99, issue.10, pp.3661-3667, 2002.
DOI : 10.1182/blood.V99.10.3661
URL : http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/bloodjournal/99/10/3661.full.pdf

K. Stringaris, T. Sekine, A. Khoder, A. Alsuliman, B. Razzaghi et al., Leukemia-induced phenotypic and functional defects in natural killer cells predict failure to achieve remission in acute myeloid leukemia, Haematologica, vol.99, issue.5, pp.836-847, 2014.
DOI : 10.3324/haematol.2013.087536
URL : http://www.haematologica.org/content/haematol/99/5/836.full.pdf

Z. Khaznadar, N. Boissel, S. Agaugué, G. Henry, M. Cheok et al., Defective NK Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients at Diagnosis Are Associated with Blast Transcriptional Signatures of Immune Evasion, The Journal of Immunology, vol.195, issue.6, pp.2580-2590, 2015.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.1500262
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/195/6/2580.full.pdf

R. G. Spallanzani, N. I. Torres, D. E. Avila, A. Ziblat, X. L. Iraolagoitia et al., Regulatory Dendritic Cells Restrain NK Cell IFN-?? Production through Mechanisms Involving NKp46, IL-10, and MHC Class I???Specific Inhibitory Receptors, The Journal of Immunology, vol.195, issue.5, pp.2141-2148, 2015.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.1403161
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/195/5/2141.full.pdf

H. Jonuleit and E. Schmitt, The Regulatory T Cell Family: Distinct Subsets and their Interrelations, The Journal of Immunology, vol.171, issue.12, pp.6323-6327, 2003.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.171.12.6323
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/171/12/6323.full.pdf

G. Stassi, M. Todaro, M. Zerilli, L. Ricci-vitiani, D. Di-liberto et al., Thyroid cancer resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs via autocrine production of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10, Cancer Res, vol.63, pp.6784-6790, 2003.

M. O. Li, Y. Y. Wan, S. Sanjabi, A. L. Robertson, and R. A. , TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-?? REGULATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSES, Annual Review of Immunology, vol.24, issue.1, pp.99-146, 2006.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090737

S. S. Kang and P. M. Allen, Priming in the Presence of IL-10 Results in Direct Enhancement of CD8+ T Cell Primary Responses and Inhibition of Secondary Responses, The Journal of Immunology, vol.174, issue.9, pp.5382-5389, 2005.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5382

M. L. Salem and M. S. Hossain, In vivo acute depletion of CD8+ T cells before murine cytomegalovirus infection upregulated innate antiviral activity of natural killer cells, International Journal of Immunopharmacology, vol.22, issue.9, pp.707-718, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0192-0561(00)00033-3

M. Alvarez, M. N. Bouchlaka, G. D. Sckisel, C. M. Sungur, M. Chen et al., Increased Antitumor Effects Using IL-2 with Anti???TGF-?? Reveals Competition between Mouse NK and CD8 T Cells, The Journal of Immunology, vol.193, issue.4, pp.1709-1716, 2014.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.1400034
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/193/4/1709.full.pdf

A. M. Jamieson, P. Isnard, J. R. Dorfman, M. C. Coles, and D. H. Raulet, Turnover and Proliferation of NK Cells in Steady State and Lymphopenic Conditions, The Journal of Immunology, vol.172, issue.2, pp.864-870, 2004.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.864
URL : http://www.jimmunol.org/content/jimmunol/172/2/864.full.pdf

J. E. Talmadge, R. B. Herberman, M. A. Chirigos, A. E. Maluish, M. A. Schneider et al., Hyporesponsiveness to augmentation of murine natural killer cell activity in different anatomical compartments by multiple injections of various immunomodulators including recombinant interferons and interleukin 2, J. Immunol, vol.135, pp.2483-2491, 1985.

M. Lucas, W. Schachterle, K. Oberle, P. Aichele, and A. Diefenbach, Dendritic Cells Prime Natural Killer Cells by trans-Presenting Interleukin 15, Immunity, vol.26, issue.4, pp.503-517, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.03.006
URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2007.03.006

M. Colonna, TLR pathways and IFN-regulatory factors: To each its own, European Journal of Immunology, vol.102, issue.2, pp.306-309, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/eji.200637009
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eji.200637009/pdf

S. L. Colpitts, T. A. Stoklasek, C. R. Plumlee, J. J. Obar, C. Guo et al., Cutting Edge: The Role of IFN-?? Receptor and MyD88 Signaling in Induction of IL-15 Expression In Vivo, The Journal of Immunology, vol.188, issue.6, pp.2483-2487, 2012.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.1103609

T. Saito, R. Ruffman, R. D. Welker, R. B. Herberman, and M. A. Chirigos, Development of hyporesponsiveness of natural killer cells to augmentation of activity after multiple treatments with biological response modifiers, Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy, vol.19, issue.2, pp.130-135, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00199721

A. E. Maluish, J. R. Ortaldo, J. C. Conlon, S. A. Sherwin, R. Leavitt et al., Depression of natural killer cytotoxicity after in vivo administration of recombinant leukocyte interferon, J. Immunol, vol.131, pp.503-507, 1983.

J. S. Miller, C. Morishima, D. G. Mcneel, M. R. Patel, H. E. Kohrt et al., A First-in-Human Phase I Study of Subcutaneous Outpatient Recombinant Human IL15 (rhIL15) in Adults with Advanced Solid Tumors, Clinical Cancer Research, vol.24, issue.7, pp.1525-1535, 2018.
DOI : 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-2451

A. L. Ellis-connell, A. J. Balgeman, K. R. Zarbock, G. Barry, A. Weiler et al., ALT- 803 transiently reduces SIV replication in the absence of antiretroviral treatment, J. Virol, vol.92, pp.1748-1765, 2018.

A. Bernasconi, R. Marino, A. Ribas, J. Rossi, M. Ciaccio et al., Characterization of Immunodeficiency in a Patient With Growth Hormone Insensitivity Secondary to a Novel STAT5b Gene Mutation, PEDIATRICS, vol.118, issue.5, pp.1584-1592, 2006.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2005-2882

G. Tabellini, D. Vairo, O. Scomodon, N. Tamassia, R. M. Ferraro et al., Impaired natural killer cell functions in patients with signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gain-of-function mutations, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.140, issue.2, pp.553-564, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.051

R. Mortarini, C. Vegetti, A. Molla, F. Arienti, F. Ravagnani et al., Impaired STAT Phosphorylation in T Cells from Melanoma Patients in Response to IL-2: Association with Clinical Stage, Clinical Cancer Research, vol.15, issue.12, pp.4085-4094, 2009.
DOI : 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-3323
URL : http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/clincanres/15/12/4085.full.pdf

S. Grundström, M. Dohlsten, and A. Sundstedt, IL-2 Unresponsiveness in Anergic CD4+ T Cells Is Due to Defective Signaling Through the Common ??-Chain of the IL-2 Receptor, The Journal of Immunology, vol.164, issue.3, pp.1175-1184, 2000.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.164.3.1175

M. Felices, A. J. Lenvik, R. Mcelmurry, S. Chu, P. Hinderlie et al., Continuous treatment with IL-15 exhausts human NK cells via a metabolic defect, JCI Insight, vol.3, issue.3, 2018.
DOI : 10.1172/jci.insight.96219DS1
URL : http://insight.jci.org/articles/view/96219/files/pdf

F. Ghiringhelli, C. Ménard, M. Terme, C. Flament, J. Taieb et al., regulatory T cells inhibit natural killer cell functions in a transforming growth factor????????dependent manner, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.9, issue.8, pp.1075-1085, 2005.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.5957
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00020140

W. Zou, Regulatory T cells, tumour immunity and immunotherapy, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.306, issue.4, pp.295-307, 2006.
DOI : 10.1126/science.306.5696.596