European Genomic Institute for Diabetes " (EGID, ANR-10-LABX-46) and European Commission are acknowledged. B. Staels is a member of the ,
Cholesterol and atherosclerosis, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, vol.1529, issue.1-3, pp.299-309, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S1388-1981(00)00161-X
Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Cholesterol Efflux, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.289, issue.35, pp.24020-24029, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.R114.583658
Macrophage subsets in atherosclerosis, Nature Reviews Cardiology, vol.98, issue.1, pp.10-17, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1155/2012/693083
Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.33, issue.12, pp.953-964, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1038/nri1733
The Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor ?? Promotes Lipid Accumulation in Human Macrophages, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.276, issue.47, pp.44258-44265, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M108482200
The transcriptional PPAR??/?? network in human macrophages defines a unique agonist-induced activation state, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.43, issue.10, pp.5033-5051, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkv331
MicroRNA-9 regulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta in human monocytes during the inflammatory response ,
Unlike PPAR??, PPAR?? or PPAR??/?? activation does not promote human monocyte differentiation toward alternative macrophages, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.386, issue.3, pp.459-462, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.047
Adipocyte-Derived Th2 Cytokines and Myeloid PPAR?? Regulate Macrophage Polarization and Insulin Sensitivity, Cell Metabolism, vol.7, issue.6, pp.485-495, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.04.002
URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2008.04.002
IL4 and IL13 receptors share the ??c chain and activate STAT6, STAT3 and STAT5 proteins in normal human B cells, FEBS Letters, vol.271, issue.1, pp.53-56, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00835-6
Differential inhibition of macrophage foam-cell formation and atherosclerosis in mice by PPAR??, ??/??, and ??, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.114, issue.11, pp.1564-1576, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1172/JCI18730
Pharmacological Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor {Delta} Increases Sphingomyelin Synthase Activity in THP-1 Macrophage-Derived Foam Cell, Inflammation, vol.10, issue.2, pp.1538-1546, 2016. ,
DOI : 10.1186/1476-511X-10-46
Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor ?? Inhibits Human Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and the Inflammatory Response Induced by Very Low-Density Lipoprotein, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol.32, issue.12, pp.2919-2928, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1161/ATVBAHA.112.255208
PPAR?? is a very low-density lipoprotein sensor in macrophages, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.100, issue.3, pp.1268-1273, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0337331100
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?? promotes very low-density lipoprotein-derived fatty acid catabolism in the macrophage, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.103, issue.7, pp.2434-2439, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0510815103
A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta agonist promotes reverse cholesterol transport, Proc Natl Acad Sci, pp.5306-5311, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.091021198
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC33205
On the mechanism for PPAR agonists to enhance ABCA1 gene expression, Atherosclerosis, vol.205, issue.2, pp.413-419, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.01.008
PPAR-??/?? activation promotes phospholipid transfer protein expression, Biochemical Pharmacology, vol.94, issue.2, pp.101-108, 2015. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.01.016
Phospholipid Transfer Protein Interacts with and Stabilizes ATP-binding Cassette Transporter A1 and Enhances Cholesterol Efflux from Cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.278, issue.52 ,
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M310695200
Transcriptional Repression of Atherogenic Inflammation: Modulation by PPAR??, Science, vol.302, issue.5644, pp.453-457, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.1087344
PPAR?? and PPAR?? negatively regulate specific subsets of lipopolysaccharide and IFN-?? target genes in macrophages, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.100, issue.11, pp.6712-6717, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1031789100
PPAR?? regulates multiple proinflammatory pathways to suppress atherosclerosis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.105, issue.11, pp.4271-4276, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0711875105
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393796
Alternative M2 Activation of Kupffer Cells by PPAR?? Ameliorates Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance, Cell Metabolism, vol.7, issue.6, pp.496-507, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.04.003
Macrophage death and defective inflammation resolution in atherosclerosis, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.811, issue.2, pp.36-46, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1038/nri2675
PPAR-?? senses and orchestrates clearance of apoptotic cells to promote tolerance, Nature Medicine, vol.200, issue.11, pp.1266-1272, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1038/nm.2048
Novel selective small molecule agonists for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?? (PPAR??)???synthesis and biological activity, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol.13, issue.9, pp.1517-1521, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-894X(03)00207-5
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor ?? Agonist GW1516 Attenuates Diet-Induced Aortic Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice, Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, vol.34, issue.1, pp.52-60, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.301830
The PPAR?? agonist GW0742X reduces atherosclerosis in LDLR???/??? mice, Atherosclerosis, vol.181, issue.1, pp.29-37, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.12.028
PPAR??-mediated antiinflammatory mechanisms inhibit angiotensin II-accelerated atherosclerosis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.105, issue.11, pp.4277-4282, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0708647105
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2393800
A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?? agonist PYPEP suppresses atherosclerosis in association with improvement of the serum lipoprotein profiles in human apolipoprotein B100 and cholesteryl ester transfer protein double transgenic mice, Metabolism, vol.65, issue.1, pp.16-25, 2016. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.016
Selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?? isosteric selenium agonists as potent anti-atherogenic agents in vivo, Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol.20, issue.24, pp.7239-7242, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.10.103
Activation of PPAR??/?? inhibits leukocyte recruitment, cell adhesion molecule expression, and chemokine release, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol.86, issue.1, pp.115-122, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1189/jlb.0508284
Hematopoietic knockdown of PPAR?? reduces atherosclerosis in LDLR???/??? mice, Gene Therapy, vol.294, issue.1, pp.78-85, 2016. ,
DOI : 10.1038/gt.2015.78