B. Rechel, E. Grundy, J. Robine, J. Cylus, J. Mackenbach et al., Ageing in the European Union, The Lancet, vol.381, issue.9874, pp.1312-1334, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62087-X

J. Bousquet, J. Michel, T. Standberg, G. Crooks, I. Iakovidis et al., The European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing: The European geriatric medicine introduces the EIP on AHA column, European Geriatric Medicine, vol.5, issue.6, pp.361-363, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eurger.2014.09.010

J. Bousquet, C. Barbara, E. Bateman, E. Bel, M. Bewick et al., AIRWAYS-ICPs (European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing) from concept to implementation, European Respiratory Journal, vol.47, issue.4, pp.1028-1061, 2016.
DOI : 10.1183/13993003.01856-2015

J. Bousquet, A. Addis, I. Adcock, I. Agache, A. Agusti et al., Integrated care pathways for airway diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs), European Respiratory Journal, vol.44, issue.2, pp.304-327, 2014.
DOI : 10.1183/09031936.00014614

J. Bousquet, R. Dahl, and N. Khaltaev, Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases, Allergy, vol.8, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.216-239, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01307.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01401204

R. Bourret, J. Bousquet, J. Mercier, T. Camuzat, A. Bedrook et al., MASK rhinitis, a single tool for integrated care pathways in allergic rhinitis, World Hosp Health Serv, vol.51, issue.3, pp.36-45, 2015.

J. Bousquet, H. Schunemann, J. Fonseca, B. Samolinski, C. Bachert et al., MACVIA-ARIA Sentinel NetworK for allergic rhinitis (MASK-rhinitis): the new generation guideline implementation, Allergy, vol.5, issue.Suppl 72, pp.1372-92, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/all.12686

J. Bousquet, H. Schunemann, P. Hellings, S. Arnavielhe, C. Bachert et al., MACVIA clinical decision algorithm in adolescents and adults with allergic rhinitis, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.138, issue.2, pp.367-74, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.03.025

P. Hellings, A. Muraro, W. Fokkens, J. Mullol, C. Bachert et al., A common language to assess allergic rhinitis control: results from a survey conducted during EAACI 2013 Congress, Clinical and Translational Allergy, vol.160, issue.Suppl 85, p.36, 2015.
DOI : 10.1186/s13601-015-0080-9

D. Price, P. Smith, P. Hellings, N. Papadopoulos, W. Fokkens et al., Current controversies and challenges in allergic rhinitis management, Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, vol.11, issue.11, pp.1205-1222, 2015.
DOI : 10.1586/1744666X.2015.1081814

J. Bousquet, J. Farrell, G. Crooks, P. Hellings, E. Bel et al., Scaling up strategies of the chronic respiratory disease programme of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (Action Plan B3: Area 5), Clinical and Translational Allergy, vol.2, issue.10, p.29, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rppnen.2015.12.006

J. Bousquet, J. Anto, K. Berkouk, P. Gergen, J. Antunes et al., Developmental determinants in non-communicable chronic diseases and ageing, Thorax, vol.133, issue.6, pp.595-602, 2015.
DOI : 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-206304
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01263281

B. Samolinski, A. Fronczak, P. Kuna, C. Akdis, J. Anto et al., Prevention and control of childhood asthma and allergy in the EU from the public health point of view: Polish Presidency of the European Union, Allergy, vol.64, issue.6, pp.726-757, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02822.x

S. Johansson, T. Bieber, R. Dahl, P. Friedmann, B. Lanier et al., Revised Nomenclature for Allergy for Global Use, Allergy & Clinical Immunology International - Journal of the World Allergy Organization, vol.17, issue.01, pp.832-838, 2003.
DOI : 10.1027/0838-1925.17.1.4

J. Bousquet, N. Khaltaev, A. Cruz, J. Denburg, W. Fokkens et al., Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in col? laboration with the World Health Organization

J. Bousquet and N. Khaltaev, Global surveillance, prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases. A comprehensive approach In: Global alliance against chronic respiratory diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007.

T. Bieber, Atopic Dermatitis, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.358, issue.14, pp.1483-94, 2008.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMra074081

N. Pearce, J. Pekkanen, and R. Beasley, How much asthma is really attributable to atopy?, Thorax, vol.54, issue.3, pp.268-72, 1999.
DOI : 10.1136/thx.54.3.268

G. Weinmayr, F. Forastiere, S. Weiland, P. Rzehak, T. Abramidze et al., International variation in prevalence of rhinitis and its relationship with sensitisation to perennial and seasonal allergens, European Respiratory Journal, vol.32, issue.5, pp.1250-61, 2008.
DOI : 10.1183/09031936.00157807
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00652964

P. Bousquet, B. Leynaert, F. Neukirch, J. Sunyer, C. Janson et al., Geographical distribution of atopic rhinitis in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey I*, Allergy, vol.108, issue.10, pp.1301-1310, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01824.x

J. Bousquet, W. Fokkens, P. Burney, S. Durham, C. Bachert et al., Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: nonallergic rhinitis: a GA2LEN paper, Allergy, vol.34, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.842-53, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01715.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00409869

R. Gupta, A. Sheikh, D. Strachan, and H. Anderson, Burden of allergic disease in the UK: secondary analyses of national databases, Clinical <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Experimental Allergy, vol.316, issue.4, pp.520-526, 2004.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.327.7424.1142

C. Anandan, R. Gupta, C. Simpson, C. Fischbacher, and A. Sheikh, Epidemiology and disease burden from allergic disease in Scotland: analyses of national databases, JRSM, vol.102, issue.10, pp.431-473, 2009.
DOI : 10.1258/jrsm.2009.090027

J. Bousquet, P. Van-cauwenberge, and N. Khaltaev, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.108, issue.5, 2001.
DOI : 10.1067/mai.2001.118891
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00815533

S. Walker, S. Khan?wasti, M. Fletcher, P. Cullinan, J. Harris et al., Seasonal allergic rhinitis is associated with a detrimental effect on examination performance in United Kingdom teenagers: Case-control study, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.120, issue.2, pp.381-388, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.03.034

J. Bousquet, C. Bachert, G. Canonica, T. Casale, A. Cruz et al., Unmet needs in severe chronic upper airway disease (SCUAD), Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.124, issue.3, pp.428-461, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.06.027

T. Haahtela, E. Valovirta, P. Kauppi, E. Tommila, K. Saarinen et al., The Finnish Allergy Programme 2008-2018 - scientific rationale and practical implementation, Asia Pacific Allergy, vol.2, issue.4, pp.275-284, 2012.
DOI : 10.5415/apallergy.2012.2.4.275

J. Bousquet, J. Anto, M. Akdis, C. Auffray, T. Keil et al., Paving the way of systems biology and precision medicine in allergic diseases: the MeDALL success story, Allergy, vol.133, issue.5 Suppl, pp.1513-1538, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/all.12880

. Calderon, Allergy immunotherapy across the life cycle to promote active and healthy ageing: from research to policies, Clinical and Translational Allergy, vol.24, issue.2, p.41, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/pai.12603
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01401204

J. Bousquet, J. Anto, M. Wickman, T. Keil, R. Valenta et al., Are allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization associated with the persistence or re-occurrence of foetal type 2 signalling? The MeDALL hypothesis, Allergy, vol.63, issue.Suppl 5, pp.1062-78, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/all.12637

L. Hatzler, V. Panetta, S. Lau, P. Wagner, R. Bergmann et al., Molecular spreading and predictive value of preclinical IgE response to Phleum pratense in children with hay fever, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.130, issue.4, pp.894-901, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.053

A. Asarnoj, C. Hamsten, K. Waden, C. Lupinek, N. Andersson et al., Sensitization to cat and dog allergen molecules in childhood and prediction of symptoms of cat and dog allergy in adolescence: A??BAMSE/MeDALL study, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.137, issue.3, pp.813-834, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.052

M. Westman, C. Lupinek, J. Bousquet, N. Andersson, S. Pahr et al., Early childhood IgE reactivity to pathogenesis-related class 10 proteins predicts allergic rhinitis in adolescence, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.135, issue.5, pp.1199-1200, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.042

M. Pinart, M. Benet, I. Annesi?maesano, V. Berg, A. Berdel et al., Comorbidity of eczema, rhinitis, and asthma in IgE-sensitised and non-IgE-sensitised children in MeDALL: a population-based cohort study, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, vol.2, issue.2, pp.131-171, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70277-7

A. Simpson, N. Lazic, D. Belgrave, P. Johnson, C. Bishop et al., Patterns of IgE responses to multiple allergen components and clinical symptoms at age 11 years, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.136, issue.5, pp.1224-1255, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.027

N. Ballardini, A. Bergstrom, C. Wahlgren, M. Van-hage, E. Hallner et al., IgE antibodies in relation to prevalence and multimorbidity of eczema, asthma, and rhinitis from birth to adolescence, Allergy, vol.113, issue.Suppl 15, pp.342-351, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/all.12798

D. Belgrave, R. Granell, A. Simpson, J. Guiver, C. Bishop et al., Developmental Profiles of Eczema, Wheeze, and Rhinitis: Two Population-Based Birth Cohort Studies, PLoS Medicine, vol.132, issue.Suppl 15, p.1001748, 2014.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001748.s008

G. Melioli, F. Bonifazi, S. Bonini, E. Maggi, M. Mussap et al., The ImmunoCAP ISAC molecular allergology approach in adult multi-sensitized Italian patients with respiratory symptoms, Clinical Biochemistry, vol.44, issue.12, pp.1005-1016, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.05.007

D. Postma, A. Bush, and M. Van-den-berge, Risk factors and early origins of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, The Lancet, vol.385, issue.9971, pp.899-909, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60446-3

D. Kotz, C. Simpson, W. Viechtbauer, O. Van-schayck, and A. Sheikh, Development and validation of a model to predict the 10-year risk of general practitioner-recorded COPD, npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, vol.126, issue.1, p.14011, 2014.
DOI : 10.1378/chest.126.1.59

A. Smith, M. Villareal, D. Bernstein, and D. Swikert, Asthma in the elderly: risk factors and impact on physical function, Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, vol.108, issue.5, pp.305-315, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anai.2012.02.022

V. Bellia, C. Pedone, F. Catalano, A. Zito, E. Davi et al., Asthma in the Elderly, Chest, vol.132, issue.4, pp.1175-82, 2007.
DOI : 10.1378/chest.06-2824

G. Moscato, G. Pala, M. Boillat, I. Folletti, R. Gerth-van-wijk et al., EAACI Position Paper: Prevention of work-related respiratory allergies among pre-apprentices or apprentices and young workers, Allergy, vol.368, issue.9, pp.1164-73, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02615.x

C. Svanes, J. Sunyer, E. Plana, S. Dharmage, J. Heinrich et al., Early life origins of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Thorax, vol.65, issue.1, pp.14-20, 2010.
DOI : 10.1136/thx.2008.112136

D. Jarvis and P. Burney, ABC of allergies: The epidemiology of allergic disease, BMJ, vol.316, issue.7131, pp.607-617, 1998.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.316.7131.607

A. Linneberg, Changes in atopy over 25 years: Allergy epidemic has spread to old age, BMJ, vol.331, issue.7512, p.352, 2005.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.331.7512.352

M. Law, J. Morris, N. Wald, C. Luczynska, and P. Burney, Changes in atopy over a quarter of a century, based on cross sectional data at three time periods, BMJ, vol.330, issue.7501, pp.1187-1195, 2005.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.38435.582975.AE

A. Cruz, T. Popov, R. Pawankar, I. Annesi?maesano, W. Fokkens et al., LEN, Allergy, vol.15, issue.2, pp.1-41, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00550.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00595859

W. Song, K. Sohn, M. Kang, H. Park, M. Kim et al., Urban???rural differences in the prevalence of allergen sensitization and self-reported rhinitis in the elderly population, Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, vol.114, issue.6, pp.455-61, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anai.2015.03.008

B. Wuthrich, P. Schmid?grendelmeier, C. Schindler, M. Imboden, A. Bircher et al., Prevalence of Atopy and Respiratory Allergic Diseases in the Elderly SAPALDIA Population, International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, vol.162, issue.2, pp.143-151, 2013.
DOI : 10.1159/000351416

M. Calderon, G. Van-wijk, R. Eichler, I. Matricardi, P. Varga et al., Perspectives on allergen-specific immunotherapy in childhood: An EAACI position statement, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, vol.67, issue.Suppl. 4, pp.300-306, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2012.01313.x

M. Calderon, T. Casale, L. Cox, C. Akdis, A. Burks et al., Allergen immunotherapy: a new semantic framework from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology/American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/PRACTALL Consensus Report, Allergy, vol.113, issue.Suppl 82, pp.825-833, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/all.12180

S. Dhami, U. Nurmatov, I. Agache, S. Lau, A. Muraro et al., Allergen immunotherapy for allergic asthma: protocol for a systematic review, Clinical and Translational Allergy, vol.50, issue.Suppl 1, p.5, 2015.
DOI : 10.1186/s13601-016-0094-y
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01322498

M. Jutel, I. Agache, S. Bonini, A. Burks, M. Calderon et al., International Consensus on Allergen Immunotherapy II: Mechanisms, standardization, and pharmacoeconomics, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.137, issue.2, pp.358-68, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1300

T. Haahtela, L. Von-hertzen, M. Makela, and M. Hannuksela, Finnish Allergy Programme 2008???2018 ??? time to act and change the course, Allergy, vol.173, issue.1, pp.634-679, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02773.x

A. Didier, H. Malling, M. Worm, F. Horak, S. Jager et al., Optimal dose, efficacy, and safety of once-daily sublingual immunotherapy with a 5???grass pollen tablet for seasonal allergic rhinitis, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.120, issue.6, pp.1338-1383, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.07.046

J. Virchow, V. Backer, P. Kuna, L. Prieto, H. Nolte et al., Efficacy of a House Dust Mite Sublingual Allergen Immunotherapy Tablet in Adults With Allergic Asthma, JAMA, vol.315, issue.16, pp.3151715-3151740, 2016.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2016.3964

D. Price, G. Scadding, D. Ryan, C. Bachert, G. Canonica et al., The hidden burden of adult allergic rhinitis: UK healthcare resource utilisation survey, Clinical and Translational Allergy, vol.67, issue.Suppl 85, p.39, 2015.
DOI : 10.1186/s13601-015-0083-6

P. Hellings, W. Fokkens, C. Akdis, C. Bachert, C. Cingi et al., Uncontrolled allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: where do we stand today?, Allergy, vol.2, issue.Suppl 1, pp.1-7, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/all.12040

S. Durham, W. Emminger, A. Kapp, J. De-monchy, S. Rak et al., SQ-standardized sublingual grass immunotherapy: Confirmation of disease modification 2 years after 3 years of??treatment in a randomized trial, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.129, issue.3, pp.717-742, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.973

A. Didier, M. Worm, F. Horak, G. Sussman, O. De-beaumont et al., Sustained 3-year efficacy of pre- and coseasonal 5-grass-pollen sublingual immunotherapy tablets in patients??with grass pollen???induced rhinoconjunctivitis, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.128, issue.3, pp.559-66, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.06.022

J. Bousquet, Sublingual immunotherapy: from proven prevention to putative rapid relief of allergic symptoms, Allergy, vol.89, issue.3 Pt 1, pp.1-3, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00700.x

M. Shamji and S. Durham, Mechanisms of immunotherapy to aeroallergens, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, vol.206, issue.9, pp.1235-1281, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03804.x

C. Akdis and M. Akdis, Mechanisms of immune tolerance to allergens: role of IL-10 and Tregs, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.124, issue.11, pp.4678-80, 2014.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI78891

J. Bousquet, H. Maasch, B. Martinot, A. Hejjaoui, R. Wahl et al., Double-blind placebo-controlled immunotherapy with mixed grass-pollen allergoids, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.82, issue.3, pp.439-485, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0091-6749(88)90017-6

L. James, H. Bowen, R. Calvert, T. Dodev, M. Shamji et al., Allergen specificity of IgG4-expressing B cells in patients with grass pollen allergy undergoing immunotherapy, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.130, issue.3, pp.663-70, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.04.006

C. Akdis and M. Akdis, Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy and immune tolerance to allergens, World Allergy Organization Journal, vol.124, issue.3, p.17, 2015.
DOI : 10.1186/s40413-015-0063-2

S. Radulovic, D. Wilson, M. Calderon, and S. Durham, Systematic reviews of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), Allergy, vol.26, issue.Suppl 86, pp.740-52, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02583.x

M. Calderon, M. Penagos, A. Sheikh, G. Canonica, and S. Durham, Sublingual immunotherapy for allergic conjunctivitis: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, vol.7, issue.9, pp.1263-72, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2011.03835.x

A. Burks, M. Calderon, T. Casale, L. Cox, P. Demoly et al., Update on allergy immunotherapy: American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology/European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology/PRACTALL consensus report, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.131, issue.5, pp.1288-1291, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.01.049

S. Lin, N. Erekosima, J. Kim, M. Ramanathan, C. Suarez?cuervo et al., Sublingual Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Asthma, JAMA, vol.309, issue.12, pp.1278-88, 2013.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2013.2049

. Calderon, Allergy immunotherapy across the life cycle to promote active and healthy ageing: from research to policies, Clinical and Translational Allergy, vol.24, issue.2, p.41, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/pai.12603
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-01401204

O. Pfaar, C. Bachert, A. Bufe, R. Buhl, C. Ebner et al., Guideline on allergen-specific immunotherapy in IgE-mediated allergic diseases, the German Society of Oto? Rhino?Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (DGHNO?KHC), the German Society of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (DGKJ), the Society for Pediatric Pneumology (GPP), the German Respiratory Society (DGP), the German Association of ENT Surgeons (BV?HNO), the Professional Federation of Paediatricians and Youth Doctors (BVKJ), the Federal Association of Pulmonologists (BDP) and the German Dermatologists Association (BVDD), pp.282-319, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s40629-014-0032-2

D. Bona, D. Plaia, A. Leto?barone, M. , L. Piana et al., Efficacy of Grass Pollen Allergen Sublingual Immunotherapy Tablets for Seasonal Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis, JAMA Internal Medicine, vol.175, issue.8, pp.1301-1310, 2015.
DOI : 10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.2840

G. Canonica, L. Cox, R. Pawankar, C. Baena?cagnani, M. Blaiss et al., Sublingual immunotherapy: World Allergy Organization position paper 2013 update, World Allergy Organization Journal, vol.7, issue.1, p.6, 2014.
DOI : 10.1186/2045-7022-2-20

M. Jutel, I. Agache, S. Bonini, A. Burks, M. Calderon et al., International consensus on allergy immunotherapy, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.136, issue.3, pp.556-68, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.047

M. Marogna, M. Bruno, A. Massolo, and P. Falagiani, Long-Lasting Effects of Sublingual Immunotherapy for House Dust Mites in Allergic Rhinitis with Bronchial Hyperreactivity: A Long-Term (13-Year) Retrospective Study in Real Life, International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, vol.142, issue.1, pp.70-78, 2007.
DOI : 10.1159/000096001

L. Jacobsen, B. Niggemann, S. Dreborg, H. Ferdousi, S. Halken et al., Specific immunotherapy has long-term preventive effect of seasonal and perennial asthma: 10-year follow-up on the PAT study, Allergy, vol.15, issue.16, pp.943-951, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01011.x

C. Moller, S. Dreborg, H. Ferdousi, S. Halken, A. Host et al., Pollen immunotherapy reduces the development of asthma in children with seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis (the PAT-study), Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.109, issue.2, pp.251-257, 2002.
DOI : 10.1067/mai.2002.121317

E. Valovirta, A. Berstad, J. De-blic, A. Bufe, P. Eng et al., Design and Recruitment for the GAP Trial, Investigating the Preventive Effect on Asthma Development of an SQ-Standardized Grass Allergy Immunotherapy Tablet in Children with Grass Pollen???Induced Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis, Clinical Therapeutics, vol.33, issue.10, pp.1537-1583, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.09.013

C. Hankin and L. Cox, Allergy immunotherapy, Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.14, issue.4, pp.363-70, 2014.
DOI : 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000084

A. Meadows, B. Kaambwa, N. Novielli, A. Huissoon, A. Fry?smith et al., A systematic review and economic evaluation of subcutaneous and sublingual allergen immunotherapy in adults and children with seasonal allergic rhinitis, Health Technol Assess, vol.17, issue.27, pp.1-322, 2013.
DOI : 10.3310/hta17270

P. Holt, D. Strickland, A. Bosco, D. Belgrave, B. Hales et al., Distinguishing benign from pathologic TH2 immunity in atopic children, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.137, issue.2, pp.379-87, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.044

P. Holt, P. Sly, H. Sampson, P. Robinson, R. Loh et al., Prophylactic use of sublingual allergen immunotherapy in high-risk children: A??pilot study, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.132, issue.4, pp.991-992, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.04.049

Z. Zolkipli, G. Roberts, V. Cornelius, C. B. Pearson, S. Michaelis et al., Randomized controlled trial of primary prevention of atopy using house dust mite allergen oral immunotherapy in early childhood, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.136, issue.6, pp.1541-1548, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.04.045

M. Glovsky, L. Ghekiere, and E. Rejzek, Effect of maternal immunotherapy on immediate skin test reactivity, specific rye I IgG and IgE antibody, and total IgE of the children, Ann Allergy, vol.67, issue.1, pp.21-25, 1991.

P. Matricardi, Allergen?specific immunoprophylaxis: toward secondary prevention of allergic rhinitis? Pediatr Allergy Immunol, pp.15-23, 2014.

F. Ranciere, L. Nikasinovic, J. Bousquet, and I. Momas, Onset and persistence of respiratory/allergic symptoms in preschoolers: new insights from the PARIS birth cohort, Allergy, vol.30, issue.9, pp.1158-67, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/all.12208

J. Garcia?aymerich, M. Benet, Y. Saeys, M. Pinart, X. Basagana et al., Phenotyping asthma, rhinitis and eczema in MeDALL population-based birth cohorts: an allergic comorbidity cluster, Allergy, vol.137, issue.Suppl 15, pp.973-84, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/all.12640

F. Amat, P. Saint?pierre, E. Bourrat, A. Nemni, R. Couderc et al., Early-Onset Atopic Dermatitis in Children: Which Are the Phenotypes at Risk of Asthma? Results from the ORCA Cohort, PLOS ONE, vol.44, issue.6, p.131369, 2015.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0131369.s001
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01230841

J. Just, E. Deslandes?boutmy, F. Amat, K. Desseaux, A. Nemni et al., Natural history of allergic sensitization in infants with early-onset atopic dermatitis: results from ORCA Study, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, vol.20, issue.7, pp.668-73, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/pai.12287
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01103219

O. Pfaar, P. Demoly, R. Gerth-van-wijk, S. Bonini, J. Bousquet et al., Recommendations for the standardization of clinical outcomes used in allergen immunotherapy trials for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: an EAACI Position Paper, Allergy, vol.3, issue.Suppl 14, pp.854-67, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/all.12383

E. Burnay, R. Cruz?correia, J. T. Sousa, A. Fonseca, and J. , Challenges of a Mobile Application for Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis Patient Enablement???Interface and Synchronization, Telemedicine and e-Health, vol.19, issue.1, pp.13-21, 2013.
DOI : 10.1089/tmj.2012.0020

M. Morais?almeida, H. Pite, A. Pereira, A. Todo?bom, C. Nunes et al., Prevalence and classification of rhinitis in the elderly: a nation? wide survey in Portugal, Allergy, vol.68, issue.9, pp.1150-1157, 2013.

W. Berger, E. Meltzer, N. Amar, A. Fox, J. Just et al., Efficacy of MP-AzeFlu in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis: Importance of paediatric symptom assessment, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, vol.69, issue.2, pp.126-159, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/pai.12540
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01285547

U. Wahn, Assessing rhinitis symptoms in children - a need for action, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, vol.20, issue.2, pp.114-120, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/pai.12541

I. Soyiri, B. Nwaru, and A. Sheikh, Patient-reported outcome measures for allergy and asthma in children, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, vol.25, issue.8
DOI : 10.1111/pai.12603

L. Klimek, C. Bachert, R. Mosges, U. Munzel, D. Price et al., Effectiveness of MP29-02 for the treatment of allergic rhinitis in real-life: Results from a noninterventional study, Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, vol.36, issue.1, pp.40-47, 2015.
DOI : 10.2500/aap.2015.36.3823

A. Worth, V. Hammersley, R. Knibb, B. Flokstra?de?blok, A. Dunngalvin et al., Patient-reported outcome measures for asthma: a systematic review, npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, vol.335, issue.Suppl B, p.14020, 2014.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.39246.581169.80

G. Canonica, C. Bachert, P. Hellings, D. Ryan, E. Valovirta et al., Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT): a prototype of Precision Medicine, World Allergy Organization Journal, vol.162, issue.4 Pt 1, p.31, 2015.
DOI : 10.1186/s40413-015-0079-7

L. Fleming, C. Murray, A. Bansal, S. Hashimoto, H. Bisgaard et al., The burden of severe asthma in childhood and adolescence: results from the paediatric U-BIOPRED cohorts, European Respiratory Journal, vol.46, issue.5, pp.1322-1355, 2015.
DOI : 10.1183/13993003.00780-2015

M. Loza, I. Adcock, C. Auffray, K. Chung, R. Djukanovic et al., Longitudinally stable, clinically defined clusters of patients with asthma independently identified in the ADEPT and U?BIOPRED asthma studies, pp.102-105, 2016.

D. Shaw, A. Sousa, S. Fowler, L. Fleming, G. Roberts et al., Clinical and inflammatory characteristics of the European U-BIOPRED adult severe asthma cohort, European Respiratory Journal, vol.46, issue.5, pp.1308-1329, 2015.
DOI : 10.1183/13993003.00779-2015

M. Nolte, D. Barber, J. Maloney, Z. Li, A. Kaur et al., Timothy specific IgE levels are associated with efficacy and safety of timothy grass sublingual immunotherapy tablet, Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, vol.115, issue.6, pp.509-524, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anai.2015.09.018

H. Hoffmann, A. Santos, C. Mayorga, A. Nopp, B. Eberlein et al., The clinical utility of basophil activation testing in diagnosis and monitoring of allergic disease, Allergy, vol.62, issue.Suppl 1, pp.1393-405, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/all.12698

C. Gueguen, J. Bouley, H. Moussu, S. Luce, M. Duchateau et al., Changes in markers associated with dendritic cells driving??the differentiation of either TH2 cells or regulatory??T??cells correlate with clinical benefit during allergen immunotherapy, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.137, issue.2, pp.545-58, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.09.015

J. Bousquet, C. Jorgensen, M. Dauzat, A. Cesario, T. Camuzat et al., Systems Medicine Approaches for the Definition of Complex Phenotypes in Chronic Diseases and Ageing. From Concept to Implementation and Policies, Current Pharmaceutical Design, vol.20, issue.38, pp.5928-5972, 2014.
DOI : 10.2174/1381612820666140314115505

S. Tripodi, T. Frediani, S. Lucarelli, F. Macri, G. Pingitore et al., Molecular profiles of IgE to Phleum pratense in children with grass pollen allergy: Implications for specific immunotherapy, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.129, issue.3, pp.834-843, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.045

A. Custovic, H. Sonntag, I. Buchan, D. Belgrave, A. Simpson et al., Evolution pathways of IgE responses to grass and mite allergens throughout childhood, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.136, issue.6, pp.1645-52, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.041

. Calderon, 6:41 ? We accept pre-submission inquiries ? Our selector tool helps you to find the most relevant journal ? We provide round the clock customer support ? Convenient online submission ? Thorough peer review ? Inclusion in PubMed and all major indexing services ? Maximum visibility for your research Submit your manuscript at www.biomedcentral, com/submit Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and we will help you at every step, 2016.

G. Stringari, S. Tripodi, C. Caffarelli, A. Dondi, R. Asero et al., The effect of component-resolved diagnosis on specific immunotherapy prescription in children with hay fever, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.134, issue.1, pp.75-81, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.01.042

J. Bousquet, P. Braquemond, J. Feinberg, B. Guerin, H. Maasch et al., Specific IgE response before and after rush immunotherapy with a standardized allergen or allergoid in grass pollen allergy, Ann Allergy, vol.56, issue.6, pp.456-465, 1986.

M. Kuitunen, H. Englund, S. Remes, R. Moverare, A. Pelkonen et al., High IgE levels to ??-lactalbumin, ??-lactoglobulin and casein predict less successful cow's milk oral immunotherapy, Allergy, vol.129, issue.8, pp.955-62, 2015.
DOI : 10.1111/all.12647

P. Oykhman, H. Kim, and A. Ellis, Allergen immunotherapy in pregnancy, Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, vol.90, issue.1358???60, p.31, 2015.
DOI : 10.1186/s13223-015-0096-7

H. Tam, M. Calderon, L. Manikam, H. Nankervis, G. Nunez et al., Specific allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of atopic eczema, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, vol.60, issue.1, p.8774, 2016.
DOI : 10.1002/14651858.CD008774.pub2

M. Khinchi, L. Poulsen, F. Carat, C. Andre, A. Hansen et al., Clinical efficacy of sublingual and subcutaneous birch pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study, Allergy, vol.15, issue.44, pp.45-53, 2004.
DOI : 10.1067/mai.2001.113525

L. Linnemann, D. Blaiss, and M. , Selection of patients for sublingual versus subcutaneous immunotherapy, Immunotherapy, vol.6, issue.7, pp.871-84, 2014.
DOI : 10.2217/imt.14.55

J. Bousquet, H. Schunemann, P. Bousquet, C. Bachert, G. Canonica et al., How to design and evaluate randomized controlled trials in immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: an ARIA-GA2LEN statement, Allergy, vol.64, issue.2 Pt 1, pp.765-74, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02590.x

P. Bousquet, J. Brozek, C. Bachert, T. Bieber, S. Bonini et al., LEN paper, Allergy, vol.294, issue.Suppl. 82, pp.1737-1782, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02232.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00409869

C. Bachert, M. Larche, S. Bonini, G. Canonica, T. Kundig et al., Allergen immunotherapy on the way to product-based evaluation???a WAO statement, World Allergy Organization Journal, vol.5, issue.1 suppl, p.29, 2015.
DOI : 10.1186/s40413-015-0078-8

M. Calderon, A. Eichel, M. Makatsori, and O. Pfaar, Comparability of subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy outcomes in allergic rhinitis clinical trials, Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.12, issue.3, pp.249-56, 2012.
DOI : 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32835358b3

C. Hankin, L. Cox, A. Bronstone, and Z. Wang, Allergy immunotherapy: Reduced health care costs in adults and children with allergic rhinitis, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.131, issue.4, pp.1084-91, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.662

M. Jutel, L. Jaeger, R. Suck, H. Meyer, H. Fiebig et al., Allergen-specific immunotherapy with recombinant grass pollen allergens, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.116, issue.3, pp.608-621, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.06.004

G. Pauli, T. Larsen, S. Rak, F. Horak, E. Pastorello et al., Efficacy of recombinant birch pollen vaccine for the treatment of birch-allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.122, issue.5, pp.951-60, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.017

M. Kopp, E. Hamelmann, S. Zielen, W. Kamin, K. Bergmann et al., Combination of omalizumab and specific immunotherapy is superior to immunotherapy in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and co-morbid seasonal allergic asthma, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, vol.39, issue.2, pp.271-280, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03121.x

T. Casale, W. Busse, J. Kline, Z. Ballas, M. Moss et al., Omalizumab pretreatment decreases acute reactions after rush immunotherapy for ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.117, issue.1, pp.134-174, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.09.036

M. Massanari, H. Nelson, T. Casale, W. Busse, F. Kianifard et al., Effect of pretreatment with omalizumab on the tolerability of specific immunotherapy in allergic asthma, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.125, issue.2, pp.383-392, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.11.022

A. Chaker, M. Shamji, F. Dumitru, M. Calderon, G. Scadding et al., Short-term subcutaneous grass pollen immunotherapy under the umbrella of anti???IL-4: A??randomized controlled trial, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.137, issue.2, pp.452-61, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.046

P. Matui, J. Wyatt, H. Pinnock, A. Sheikh, and S. Mclean, Computer decision support systems for asthma: a systematic review, npj Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, vol.39, issue.1, p.14005, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jbi.2005.12.003