R. Siegel, K. Miller, and A. Jemal, Cancer statistics, 2015, CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol.61, issue.3, pp.5-29, 2015.
DOI : 10.3322/caac.21254

L. Sr, P. Einhorn, L. Elson, P. Crawford, E. Kuebler et al., A randomized comparison of cisplatin alone or in combination with methotrexate, vinblastine, and doxorubicin in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a cooperative group study, J Clin Oncol, vol.10, issue.7, pp.1066-73, 1992.

H. Von-der-maase, L. Sengelov, J. Roberts, S. Ricci, L. Dogliotti et al., Long-Term Survival Results of a Randomized Trial Comparing Gemcitabine Plus Cisplatin, With Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, Plus Cisplatin in Patients With Bladder Cancer, Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.23, issue.21, pp.4602-4610, 2005.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.2005.07.757

H. Von-der-maase, S. Hansen, J. Roberts, L. Dogliotti, T. Oliver et al., Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Versus Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin in Advanced or Metastatic Bladder Cancer: Results of a Large, Randomized, Multinational, Multicenter, Phase III Study, Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.18, issue.17, pp.3068-77, 2000.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.2000.18.17.3068

J. Bellmunt, C. Theodore, T. Demkov, B. Komyakov, L. Sengelov et al., Phase III Trial of Vinflunine Plus Best Supportive Care Compared With Best Supportive Care Alone After a Platinum-Containing Regimen in Patients With Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urothelial Tract, Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.27, issue.27, pp.4454-61, 2009.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.2008.20.5534

C. Costantini and F. Millard, Update on Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Urothelial Carcinoma, The Scientific World JOURNAL, vol.65, issue.7, pp.1981-94, 2011.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.2009.25.3922

T. Powles, J. Eder, G. Fine, F. Braiteh, Y. Loriot et al., MPDL3280A (anti-PD-L1) treatment leads to clinical activity in metastatic bladder cancer, Nature, vol.45, issue.7528, pp.558-62, 2014.
DOI : 10.1038/nature13904

E. Plimack, S. Gupta, J. Bellmunt, R. Berger, B. Montgomery et al., LBA23A PHASE 1B STUDY OF PEMBROLIZUMAB (PEMBRO; MK-3475) IN PATIENTS (PTS) WITH ADVANCED UROTHELIAL TRACT CANCER, Annals of Oncology, vol.25, issue.suppl_4, 2014.
DOI : 10.1093/annonc/mdu438.24

D. Bajorin, P. Dodd, M. Mazumdar, M. Fazzari, J. Mccaffrey et al., Long-Term Survival in Metastatic Transitional-Cell Carcinoma and Prognostic Factors Predicting Outcome of Therapy, Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.17, issue.10, pp.3173-81, 1999.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.10.3173

C. Jessen, M. Agerbaek, V. Der-maase, and H. , Predictive factors for response and prognostic factors for long-term survival in consecutive, single institution patients with locally advanced and/or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma following cisplatin-based chemotherapy, Acta Oncologica, vol.78, issue.1, pp.411-418, 2009.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1008331111654

L. Sengelov, C. Kamby, P. Geertsen, L. Andersen, V. Der-maase et al., Predictive factors of response to cisplatin-based chemotherapy and the relation of response to survival in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer, Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology, vol.46, issue.5, pp.357-64, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s002800000176

S. Saxman, K. Propert, L. Einhorn, E. Crawford, I. Tannock et al., Long-term follow-up of a phase III intergroup study of cisplatin alone or in combination with methotrexate, vinblastine, and doxorubicin in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a cooperative group study., Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.15, issue.7, pp.2564-2573, 1997.
DOI : 10.1200/JCO.1997.15.7.2564

W. Stadler, A. Hayden, V. Der-maase, H. Roychowdhury, D. Dogliotti et al., Long-term survival in phase II trials of gemcitabine plus cisplatin for advanced transitional cell cancer, Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations, vol.7, issue.4, pp.153-160, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1078-1439(02)00182-5

L. Dogliotti, G. Carteni, S. Siena, O. Bertetto, A. Martoni et al., Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin versus Gemcitabine plus Carboplatin as First-Line Chemotherapy in Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urothelium: Results of a Randomized Phase 2 Trial, European Urology, vol.52, issue.1, pp.134-175, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.12.029

A. Siefker-radtke, A. Kamat, D. Williams, N. Tannir, S. Tu et al., A phase II randomized four-regimen selection trial incorporating response for sequential chemotherapy in metastatic, unresectable urothelial cancer: Final results from the M, Anderson Cancer Center. ASCO. Meeting Abstracts, vol.27, issue.15S, p.5071, 2009.

A. Als, L. Sengelov, V. Der-maase, and H. , Long-Term Survival after Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Patients with Locally Advanced Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: Focus on Supplementary Treatment Strategies, European Urology, vol.52, issue.2, pp.478-86, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.016

J. Bellmunt, J. Albanell, L. Paz-ares, M. Climent, J. Gonzalez-larriba et al., Pretreatment prognostic factors for survival in patients with advanced urothelial tumors treated in a phase I/II trial with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and gemcitabine, Cancer, vol.20, issue.3 Suppl 8, pp.751-758, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/cncr.10762

C. Lin, C. Hsu, C. Huang, Y. Tsai, K. Huang et al., Prognostic Factors for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil-Based Regimens, Urology, vol.69, issue.3, pp.479-84, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.urology.2006.12.010

G. Iyer, H. Al-ahmadie, N. Schultz, A. Hanrahan, I. Ostrovnaya et al., Prevalence and co-occurrence of actionable genomic alterations in highgrade bladder cancer, J Clin Oncol, issue.25, pp.313133-313173, 2013.

E. Seront, S. Rottey, B. Sautois, J. Kerger, D. Hondt et al., Phase II study of everolimus in patients with locally advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract: clinical activity, molecular response, and biomarkers, Annals of Oncology, vol.23, issue.10, pp.2663-70, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/annonc/mds057

N. Houede, G. Roubaud, H. Mahammedi, L. Vedrine, F. Joly et al., Safety and efficacy of temsirolimus as second-line treatment for patients with recurrent bladder cancer., Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol.33, issue.7_suppl, p.2015
DOI : 10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.304

Y. Ko, C. Canil, S. Mukherjee, E. Winquist, C. Elser et al., Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel for second-line treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a single group, multicentre, phase 2 study, The Lancet Oncology, vol.14, issue.8, pp.769-76, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70162-1

R. Bambury and J. Rosenberg, Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma: Overcoming Treatment Resistance through Novel Treatment Approaches, Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol.4, p.3, 2013.
DOI : 10.3389/fphar.2013.00003
URL : http://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00003

F. Commo, C. Ferte, J. Soria, S. Friend, F. Andre et al., Impact of centralization on aCGH-based genomic profiles for precision medicine in oncology, Annals of Oncology, vol.26, issue.3, pp.582-588
DOI : 10.1093/annonc/mdu582