K. Abreo, F. Abreo, M. Sella, and S. Jain, Aluminum Enhances Iron Uptake and Expression of Neurofibrillary Tangle Protein in Neuroblastoma Cells, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.169, issue.5, pp.2059-2064, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0722059.x

M. Aschner, Manganese: Brain Transport and Emerging Research Needs, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.108, issue.s3, pp.429-432, 2000.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.00108s3429

M. Aschner and D. Dorman, Manganese, Toxicological Reviews, vol.17, issue.6, pp.147-154, 2006.
DOI : 10.2165/00139709-200625030-00002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00439893

M. Aschner, M. Gannon, and H. Kimelberg, Manganese Uptake and Efflux in Cultured Rat Astrocytes, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.14, issue.2, pp.730-735, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90795-9

M. Aschner, B. Lukey, and A. Tremblay, The Manganese Health Research Program (MHRP): Status report and future research needs and directions, NeuroToxicology, vol.27, issue.5, pp.733-736, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuro.2005.10.005

J. Astrup, S. Rehncrona, and B. Siesjö, The increase in extracellular potassium concentration in the ischemic brain in relation to the preischemic functional activity and cerebral metabolic rate, Brain Research, vol.199, issue.1, pp.161-74, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90238-3

C. Batandier, X. Leverve, and E. Fontaine, Opening of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Production at the Level of the Respiratory Chain Complex I, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.279, issue.17, pp.17197-17204, 2004.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M310329200
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00389920

P. Bernardi, S. Vassanelli, P. Veronese, R. Colonna, I. Szabó et al., Modulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Effect of protons and divalent cations, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.267, pp.2934-2939, 1992.

N. Bock, F. Paiva, G. Nascimento, J. Newman, and A. Silva, Cerebrospinal fluid to brain transport of manganese in a non-human primate revealed by MRI, Brain Research, vol.1198, pp.160-170, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.12.065

S. Bohic, M. Cotte, M. Salomé, B. Fayard, M. Kuehbacher et al., Biomedical applications of the ESRF synchrotron-based microspectroscopy platform, Journal of Structural Biology, vol.177, issue.2, pp.248-258, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.12.006
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00855368

M. Bradford, A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding, Analytical Biochemistry, vol.72, issue.1-2, pp.248-254, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3

S. Canals, M. Beyerlein, A. Keller, Y. Murayama, and N. Logothetis, Magnetic resonance imaging of cortical connectivity in vivo, NeuroImage, vol.40, issue.2, pp.458-472, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.007

A. Carmona, G. Devès, and R. Ortega, Quantitative micro-analysis of metal ions in subcellular compartments of cultured dopaminergic cells by combination of three ion beam techniques, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol.2, issue.9, pp.1585-1594, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00216-008-1866-6

A. Carmona, G. Devès, S. Roudeau, P. Cloetens, S. Bohic et al., Manganese Accumulates within Golgi Apparatus in Dopaminergic Cells as Revealed by Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Nanoimaging, ACS Chemical Neuroscience, vol.1, issue.3, pp.194-203, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/cn900021z
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00522281

B. Cheng and M. Mattson, PDGFs protect hippocampal neurons against energy deprivation and oxidative injury: evidence for induction of antioxidant pathways, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.15, pp.7095-7104, 1995.

Y. Chtourou, K. Trabelsi, H. Fetoui, G. Mkannez, H. Kallel et al., Manganese Induces Oxidative Stress, Redox State Unbalance and Disrupts Membrane Bound ATPases on Murine Neuroblastoma Cells In Vitro: Protective Role of Silymarin, Neurochemical Research, vol.16, issue.2, pp.1546-1557, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s11064-011-0483-5
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00606405

H. Chun, H. Lee, and J. Son, Manganese induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activates multiple caspases in nigral dopaminergic neuronal cells, SN4741, Neuroscience Letters, vol.316, issue.1, pp.5-8, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02341-2

V. Culotta, M. Yang, and M. Hall, Manganese Transport and Trafficking: Lessons Learned from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Eukaryotic Cell, vol.4, issue.7, pp.1159-1165, 2005.
DOI : 10.1128/EC.4.7.1159-1165.2005
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1168969

A. Daoust, E. Barbier, and S. Bohic, Manganese enhanced MRI in rat hippocampus: A correlative study with synchrotron X-ray microprobe, NeuroImage, vol.64, pp.10-18, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.09.025
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00744958

P. Drapeau and D. Nachshen, Manganese fluxes and manganese-dependent neurotransmitter release in presynaptic nerve endings isolated from rat brain., The Journal of Physiology, vol.348, issue.1, pp.493-510, 1984.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015121

T. Du?i?, E. Barski, M. Salome, J. Koch, M. Bähr et al., X-ray fluorescence analysis of iron and manganese distribution in primary dopaminergic neurons, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.26, issue.Suppl 5, pp.250-261, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/jnc.12073

C. Erck, L. Peris, A. Andrieux, C. Meissirel, A. Gruber et al., A vital role of tubulin-tyrosine-ligase for neuronal organization, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.102, issue.22, pp.7853-7858, 2005.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0409626102
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00380196

V. Fitsanakis, N. Zhang, S. Garcia, and M. Aschner, Manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe): Interdependency of Transport and Regulation, Neurotoxicity Research, vol.83, issue.11, pp.124-131, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s12640-009-9130-1

P. Galvani, P. Fumagalli, and A. Santagostino, Vulnerability of mitochondrial complex I in PC12 cells exposed to manganese, European Journal of Pharmacology: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, vol.293, issue.4, pp.377-383, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0926-6917(95)90058-6

G. Giordano, D. Pizzurro, K. Vandemark, M. Guizzetti, and L. Costa, Manganese inhibits the ability of astrocytes to promote neuronal differentiation, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, vol.240, issue.2, pp.226-235, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.taap.2009.06.004

D. Graham, Catecholamine toxicity: a proposal for the molecular pathogenesis of manganese neurotoxicity and Parkinson's disease, Neurotoxicology, vol.5, pp.83-95, 1984.

A. Halestrap, G. Mcstay, and S. Clarke, The permeability transition pore complex: another view, Biochimie, vol.84, issue.2-3, pp.153-166, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0300-9084(02)01375-5

R. Hernández, M. Farina, B. Espósito, N. Souza-pinto, F. Barbosa et al., Mechanisms of Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity in Primary Neuronal Cultures: The Role of Manganese Speciation and Cell Type, Toxicological Sciences, vol.124, issue.2, pp.414-423, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/toxsci/kfr234

P. Heron, K. Cousins, C. Boyd, and S. Daya, Paradoxical effects of copper and manganese on brain mitochondrial function, Life Sciences, vol.68, issue.14, pp.1575-1583, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0024-3205(01)00948-1

Y. Higashi, M. Asanuma, I. Miyazaki, N. Hattori, Y. Mizuno et al., Parkin attenuates manganese-induced dopaminergic cell death, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.77, issue.6, pp.1490-1497, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02445.x

R. Husain, P. Seth, and S. Chandra, Early inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by manganese in Rat Gonads, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol.41, issue.1, pp.118-121, 1976.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01753116

J. A. Chandler and M. , Determination of elemental area concentration in ultrathin specimens by x-ray microanalysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, Analytical Chemistry, vol.48, issue.9, pp.1316-1318, 1976.
DOI : 10.1021/ac50003a016

D. Jonge, M. Holzner, C. Baines, S. Twining, B. Ignatyev et al., Quantitative 3D elemental microtomography of Cyclotella meneghiniana at 400-nm resolution, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.107, issue.36, pp.15676-15680, 2010.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1001469107

K. Kemp and G. Danscher, Multi-element analysis of the rat hippocampus by proton induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (phosphorus, sulphur, chlorine, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, copper, lead, bromine, and rubidium), Histochemistry, vol.46, issue.3, pp.167-176, 1979.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00495664

A. Koretsky and A. Silva, Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), NMR in Biomedicine, vol.16, issue.8, pp.527-531, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/nbm.940

C. Kwik-uribe, S. Reaney, Z. Zhu, and D. Smith, Alterations in cellular IRP-dependent iron regulation by in vitro manganese exposure in undifferentiated PC12 cells, Brain Research, vol.973, issue.1, pp.1-15, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-8993(03)02457-0

P. Lein, P. Gallagher, J. Amodeo, H. Howie, and J. Roth, Manganese induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells via upregulation of ??v integrins, Brain Research, vol.885, issue.2, pp.220-230, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02943-7

E. Malecki, Manganese toxicity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA fragmentation in rat primary striatal neurons, Brain Research Bulletin, vol.55, issue.2, pp.225-228, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0361-9230(01)00456-7

G. Malthankar, B. White, A. Bhushan, C. Daniels, K. Rodnick et al., Differential Lowering by Manganese Treatment of Activities of Glycolytic and Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) Cycle Enzymes Investigated in Neuroblastoma and Astrocytoma Cells Is Associated with Manganese-Induced Cell Death, Neurochemical Research, vol.29, issue.4, pp.709-717, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/B:NERE.0000018841.98399.ce

M. Morello, A. Canini, P. Mattioli, R. Sorge, A. Alimonti et al., Sub-cellular localization of manganese in the basal ganglia of normal and manganese-treated rats, NeuroToxicology, vol.29, issue.1, pp.60-72, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuro.2007.09.001

K. Narita, F. Kawasaki, and H. Kita, Mn and Mg influxes through Ca channels of motor nerve terminals are prevented by verapamil in frogs, Brain Research, vol.510, issue.2, pp.289-295, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91379-U

J. Olmsted, K. Carlson, R. Klebe, F. Ruddle, and J. Rosenbaum, Isolation of Microtubule Protein from Cultured Mouse Neuroblastoma Cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.65, issue.1, pp.129-136, 1970.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.65.1.129

R. Ortega, G. Devès, and A. Carmona, Bio-metals imaging and speciation in cells using proton and synchrotron radiation X-ray microspectroscopy, Journal of The Royal Society Interface, vol.102, issue.32, pp.649-658, 2009.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0406547102
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00762347

R. Pautler, In vivo, trans-synaptic tract-tracing utilizing manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI), NMR in Biomedicine, vol.48, issue.8, pp.595-601, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/nbm.942

S. Ponzoni, Macrophages-mediated neurotoxic effects of intra-nigral manganese administration are attenuated by minocycline, Neuroscience Letters, vol.506, issue.1, pp.136-140
DOI : 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.10.066

R. Rosenthal, F. Hamud, G. Fiskum, P. Varghese, and S. Sharpe, Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion: Prevention of Brain Mitochondrial Injury by Lidoflazine, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol.244, issue.6, pp.752-758, 1987.
DOI : 10.1038/jcbfm.1987.130

D. Samber, B. , D. Schamphelaere, K. Janssen, C. Vekemans et al., Hard X-ray nanoprobe investigations of the subtissue metal distributions within Daphnia magna, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol.39, issue.3, pp.6061-6068, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s00216-013-7019-6

Y. Seo, Y. Li, and M. Wessling-resnick, Iron depletion increases manganese uptake and potentiates apoptosis through ER stress, NeuroToxicology, vol.38, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.06.002

M. Sepúlveda, J. Vanoevelen, L. Raeymaekers, A. Mata, and F. Wuytack, Silencing the SPCA1 (Secretory Pathway Ca2+-ATPase Isoform 1) Impairs Ca2+ Homeostasis in the Golgi and Disturbs Neural Polarity, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.39, pp.12174-12182, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2014-09.2009

M. Sepúlveda, F. Wuytack, and A. Mata, -ATPase (SPCA) activity and cause Golgi fragmentation in neurons and glia, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.280, issue.Spec No, pp.824-836, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07888.x

M. Sidoryk-wegrzynowicz and M. Aschner, Role of astrocytes in manganese mediated neurotoxicity, BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, vol.69, issue.1, pp.14-23, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.08.035

A. Silva and N. Bock, Manganese-Enhanced MRI: An Exceptional Tool in Translational Neuroimaging, Schizophrenia Bulletin, vol.34, issue.4, pp.595-604, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/schbul/sbn056

T. Slotkin and F. Seidler, Oxidative stress from diverse developmental neurotoxicants: Antioxidants protect against lipid peroxidation without preventing cell loss, Neurotoxicology and Teratology, vol.32, issue.2, pp.124-155, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ntt.2009.12.001

K. Smith, V. Kallhoff, H. Zheng, and R. Pautler, In vivo axonal transport rates decrease in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, NeuroImage, vol.35, issue.4, pp.1401-1408, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.046

V. Sole, E. Papillon, M. Cotte, P. Walter, and J. Susini, A multiplatform code for the analysis of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectra, Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, vol.62, issue.1, pp.63-68, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.sab.2006.12.002

D. Stredrick, A. Stokes, T. Worst, W. Freeman, E. Johnson et al., Manganese-Induced Cytotoxicity in Dopamine-Producing Cells, Manganese-Induced Cytotoxicity in Dopamine-Producing Cells, pp.543-553, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuro.2003.08.006

G. Strijkers, S. Hak, M. Kok, C. Springer, and K. Nicolay, relaxation model for intracellular paramagnetic contrast agents, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.25, issue.3 Pt 1, pp.1049-1058, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.21919

E. Sugaya, M. Takato, and Y. Noda, Neuronal and glial activity during spreading depression in cerebral cortex of cat, Journal of neurophysiology, vol.38, pp.822-863, 1975.

A. Takeda, Y. Kodama, S. Ishiwatari, and S. Okada, Manganese Transport in the Neural Circuit of Rat CNS, Brain Research Bulletin, vol.45, issue.2, pp.149-152, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0361-9230(97)00330-4

H. Takahashi, S. Manaka, and K. Sano, Changes in extracellular potassium concentration in cortex and brain stem during the acute phase of experimental closed head injury, Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.55, issue.5, pp.708-725, 1981.
DOI : 10.3171/jns.1981.55.5.0708

T. Tarohda, M. Yamamoto, and R. Amamo, Regional distribution of manganese, iron, copper, and zinc in the rat brain during development, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol.328, issue.2, pp.240-246, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00216-004-2697-8