Agonist-independent activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors by the intracellular protein Homer, Nature, vol.15, issue.6840, pp.962-965, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1038/35082096
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00318959
Opiate peptide modulation of amino acid responses suggests novel form of neuronal communication, Science, vol.199, issue.4336, pp.1451-1453, 1978. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.204016
Somatostatin Receptor Desensitization in NG108-15 Cells. A CONSEQUENCE OF RECEPTOR SEQUESTRATION, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.273, issue.50, pp.33174-33183, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.273.50.33174
Thyrotropin-Releasing hormone has profound presynaptic action on cultured spinal cord neurons, Synapse, vol.335, issue.2, pp.169-174, 1990. ,
DOI : 10.1002/syn.890060208
Neuronal Calcium Signaling, Neuron, vol.21, issue.1, pp.13-26, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80510-3
URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80510-3
Neuropeptide Y reduces epileptiform discharges and excitatory synaptic transmission in rat frontal cortex in vitro, Neuroscience, vol.96, issue.3, pp.487-494, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00594-1
Somatostatin inhibits excitatory transmission at rat hippocampal synapses via presynaptic receptors, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.17, pp.4066-4075, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.0439m.x
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2269514
Somatostatininduced regulation of SST2A receptor expression and cell surface availability in central neurons : role of receptor internalization, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.20, pp.5932-5939, 2000. ,
Divalent ion permeability of AMPA receptor channels is dominated by the edited form of a single subunit, Neuron, vol.8, issue.1, pp.189-198, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(92)90120-3
Functional GluR6 kainate receptors in the striatum : indirect down regulation of synaptic transmission, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.20, pp.2175-2182, 2000. ,
Characterisation of somatostatin sst2 receptor splice variants, Journal of Physiology-Paris, vol.94, issue.3-4, pp.217-237, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0928-4257(00)00207-2
receptor coupling to mobilization of intracellular calcium in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, British Journal of Pharmacology, vol.74, issue.3, pp.455-463, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1038/sj.bjp.0700920
Molecular heterogeneity of central synapses : afferent and target regulation, Nature Neuroscience, vol.4, issue.6, pp.569-578, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1038/88388
Cellular biology of somatostatin receptors, Neuropeptides, vol.35, issue.1, pp.1-23, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1054/npep.2001.0848
Neurochemical characterization of receptor-expressing cell populations by in vivo agonist-induced internalization: insights from the somatostatin sst2A receptor GABA : a dominant neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus, J. Comp. Neurol. in press Decavel C. & van den Pol A.N. Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.302, pp.1019-1037, 1990. ,
Systemic administration of growth hormone-releasing peptide activates hypothalamic arcuate neurons, Neuroscience, vol.53, issue.2, p.303306, 1993. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4522(93)90197-N
Somatostatin receptors In: Handbook of Chemical Neuroanatomy Single synaptic events evoke NMDA receptor-mediated release of calcium from internal stores in hippocampal dendritic spines, Neuron, vol.16, issue.115, pp.1-43124, 1999. ,
Distribution of ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit mRNAs in the rat hypothalamus, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.338, issue.1, pp.101-124, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1002/cne.1167
Evidence to Suggest that Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Inhibits Its Own Secretion by Affecting Hypothalamic Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Release, Neuroendocrinology, vol.64, issue.4, pp.298-304, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1159/000127132
Melanin concentrating hormone depresses synaptic activity of glutamate and GABA neurons from rat lateral hypothalamus, The Journal of Physiology, vol.432, issue.1, pp.237-252, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0237b.x
Modulation by somatostatin of glutamate sensitivity during development of mouse hypothalamic neurons in vitro, Developmental Brain Research, vol.86, issue.1-2, pp.123-133, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0165-3806(95)00019-A
NMDA-dependent modulation of hippocampal kainate receptors by calcineurin and Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.20, pp.2766-2773, 2000. ,
Protein kinase C blocks somatostatininduced modulation of calcium current in chick sympathetic neurons, J. Neurophysiol, vol.70, pp.1639-1643, 1993. ,
The Neurobiology of Slow Synaptic Transmission, Science, vol.294, issue.5544, pp.1024-1030, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1126/science.294.5544.1024
Improved patch-clamp techniques for high-resolution current recording from cells and cell-free membrane patches, Pfl??gers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, vol.12, issue.2, pp.85-100, 1981. ,
DOI : 10.1007/BF00656997
A calcium microdomain near NMDA receptors : on switch for ERK-dependent synapse-to-nucleus communication, Nature Neuroscience, vol.4, issue.6, pp.565-566, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1038/88380
Immunohistochemical localization of the somatostatin receptor subtype 2 (sst2) in the central nervous system of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.405, issue.2, pp.247-261, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990308)405:2<247::AID-CNE8>3.3.CO;2-M
Development of selective antibodies against the human somatostatin receptor subtypes sst1???sst5, Molecular Brain Research, vol.49, issue.1-2, pp.82-88, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-328X(97)00127-7
Neuropeptides in perspective: The last ten years, Neuron, vol.7, issue.6, pp.867-879, 1991. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(91)90333-U
Classification and nomenclature of somatostatin receptors, Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, vol.16, issue.3, pp.86-88, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-6147(00)88988-9
Oxytocin modulates glutamatergic synaptic transmission between cultured neonatal spinal cord dorsal horn neurons, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.18, pp.2377-2386, 1998. ,
Differences in Ca2+ permeability of AMPA-type glutamate receptor channels in neocortical neurons caused by differential GluR-B subunit expression, Neuron, vol.12, issue.6, pp.1281-1289, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90444-8
AMPA receptor activates a G-protein that suppresses a cGMP-gated current, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.19, pp.2954-2959, 1999. ,
Galanin-receptor mediated inhibition of glutamate release in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.18, pp.3489-3500, 1998. ,
Vasopressin Preferentially Depresses Excitatory Over Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in the Rat Supraoptic Nucleus In Vitro, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, vol.139, issue.4, pp.361-367, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00462.x
Somatostatin receptor subtypes sst1 and sst2 elicit opposite effects on the response to glutamate of mouse hypothalamic neurones: an electrophysiological and single cell RT-PCR study, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.89, issue.1, pp.204-212, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4522(95)96912-W
Involvement of the Sst1 Somatostatin Receptor Subtype in the Intrahypothalamic Neuronal Network Regulating Growth Hormone Secretion: An in Vitro and in Vivo Antisense Study, Endocrinology, vol.141, issue.3, pp.967-979, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1210/en.141.3.967
Somatostatin modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission between periventricular and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei in vitro, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.84, pp.1464-1474, 2000. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00765174
NMDA Induces Long-Term Synaptic Depression and Dephosphorylation of the GluR1 Subunit of AMPA Receptors in Hippocampus, Neuron, vol.21, issue.5, pp.1151-1162, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80632-7
Direct protein-protein coupling enables cross-talk between dopamine D5 and ?-aminobutyric acid A receptors, Nature, vol.403, pp.274-280, 2000. ,
Synaptic activity at calcium-permeable AMPA receptors induces a switch in receptor subtype, Nature, vol.405, pp.454-457, 2000. ,
Functional and histological consequences of quinolinic and kainic acid-induced seizures on hippocampal somatostatin neurons, Neuroscience, vol.41, issue.1, pp.127-135, 1991. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4522(91)90203-Z
Modulation of hippocampal excitability and seizures by galanin, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.20, pp.6276-6281, 2000. ,
Neuropeptide Y2 receptors inhibit the frequency of spontaneous but not miniature EPSCs in CA3 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.76, pp.3159-3168, 1996. ,
D-Serine is an endogenous ligand for the glycine site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 97, pp.1133-1148, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.97.9.4926
Organization of Glutamate Receptors at the Synapse, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.273, issue.11, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01640.x
Somatostatin and Its Receptor Family, Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, vol.20, issue.3, pp.157-198, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1006/frne.1999.0183
Preferential Expression of sst2A over sst2B Somatostatin Receptor Splice Variant in Rat Brain and Pituitary, Neuroendocrinology, vol.68, issue.1, p.43, 1998. ,
DOI : 10.1159/000054348
Somatostatin receptors in the central nervous system, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.50, issue.1, pp.9-47, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0301-0082(96)00030-5
Localization of five somatostatin receptors in the rat central nervous system using subtype-specific antibodies, Journal of Physiology-Paris, vol.94, issue.3-4, pp.259-264, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0928-4257(00)00212-6
Neurotransmitter activation of inwardly rectifying potassium current in dissociated hippocampal CA3 neurons : interactions among multiple receptors, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.18, pp.8153-8162, 1998. ,
Functional and Molecular Characteristics of the Glutamate Receptor Involved in Synaptic Transmission in the Hypothalamus, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.455, issue.1 Molecular and, pp.163-173, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(93)90203-4
Phosphorylation of ligand-gated ion channels : a possible mode of synaptic plasticity, FASEB Journal, vol.6, pp.2514-2523, 1992. ,
Somatostatin depresses excitatory but not inhibitory neurotransmission in rat CA1 hippocampus, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.78, pp.3008-2018, 1997. ,
Kainate, and NMDA receptor RNA with in situ hybridization Neuropeptide Ymediated long-term depression of excitatory activity in suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons Presynaptic and postsynaptic actions and modulation of neuroendocrine neurons by a new hypothalamic peptide, hypocretin/orexin, Ionotropic glutamate-receptor gene expression in hypothalamus : localization of AMPA, pp.428-444, 1996. ,
Somatostatin release is enhanced in the hippocampus of partially and fully kindled rats, Neuroscience, vol.51, issue.1, pp.41-46, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90468-H
Brain somatostatin: a candidate inhibitory role in seizures and epileptogenesis, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.70, issue.11, pp.3767-3776, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00838.x
The synaptic activation of kainate receptors, Nature, vol.388, pp.179-182, 1997. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00659452
Patch-clamp analysis of spontaneous synaptic currents in supraoptic neuroendocrine cells of the rat hypothalamus, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.13, pp.2323-2331, 1993. ,
Sustained enhancement of AMPA receptor- and NMDA receptor-mediated currents induced by dopamine d1/d5 receptor activation in the hippocampus: An essential role of postsynaptic Ca2+, Hippocampus, vol.260, issue.1, pp.57-63, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1098-1063(2000)10:1<57::AID-HIPO6>3.0.CO;2-0
Dendritic spines as basic functional units of neuronal integration, Nature, vol.375, issue.6533, pp.682-684, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1038/375682a0
Calcineurin modulates G-protein-mediated inhibition of N-type calcium channels in rat sympathetic neurons, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.78, p.11611169, 1997. ,
Somatostatin Receptor Interacting Protein Defines a Novel Family of Multidomain Proteins Present in Human and Rodent Brain, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.274, issue.46, pp.32997-33001, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.274.46.32997
We thank Dr Faivre-Bauman and Dr Loudes for the microdissection technique ,
NMDA currents in one neurone before (CTRL) and during octreotide application (OCT) in the absence of external calcium Each trace was fitted by a spline curve with a uniform local average smoother of span 100 Scale bars : 20 pA, 1 s Figure 6 : Role of group I mGluRs in sst2-evoked AMPA depression in mediobasal hypothalamic cultures. (All experiments were performed in the absence of extracellular calcium) (A) Time plot of normalized responses to coapplication of AMPA and trans-(+)-ACPD ,