P. Correale, G. Campoccia, K. Tsang, L. Micheli, M. Cusi et al., Recruitment of dendritic cells and enhanced antigen-specific immune reactivity in cancer patients treated with hr-GM-CSF (Molgramostim) and hr-IL-2. results from a phase Ib clinical trial, Eur J Cancer, issue.7, pp.37892-902, 2001.

A. Morelli and A. Thomson, Tolerogenic dendritic cells and the quest for transplant tolerance, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.5, issue.8, pp.610-621, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nri2132

M. Canning, K. Grotenhuis, H. De-wit, C. Ruwhof, and H. Drexhage, D(3)) hampers the maturation of fully active immature dendritic cells from monocytes, Eur J Endocrinol, vol.125, issue.23, pp.1-25, 2001.

G. Penna and L. Adorini, 1??,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Inhibits Differentiation, Maturation, Activation, and Survival of Dendritic Cells Leading to Impaired Alloreactive T Cell Activation, The Journal of Immunology, vol.164, issue.5, pp.2405-2411, 2000.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.164.5.2405

L. Piemonti, P. Monti, M. Sironi, P. Fraticelli, B. Leone et al., Vitamin D3 Affects Differentiation, Maturation, and Function of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells, The Journal of Immunology, vol.164, issue.9, pp.4443-4451, 2000.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.164.9.4443

D. Raïch-regué, L. Grau-lopez, M. Naranjo-gomez, C. Ramo-tello, R. Pujol-borrell et al., Stable antigen-specific T-cell hyporesponsiveness induced by tolerogenic dendritic cells from multiple sclerosis patients, European Journal of Immunology, vol.18, issue.3, pp.42771-782
DOI : 10.1002/eji.201141835

A. Pedersen, M. Gad, M. Walter, and M. Claesson, Induction of regulatory dendritic cells by dexamethasone and 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D(3). ImmunolLett, pp.63-69, 2004.

R. Harry, A. Anderson, J. Isaacs, and C. Hilkens, Generation and characterisation of therapeutic tolerogenic dendritic cells for rheumatoid arthritis, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, vol.69, issue.11, pp.692042-2050, 2010.
DOI : 10.1136/ard.2009.126383

A. Anderson, B. Sayers, M. Haniffa, D. Swan, J. Diboll et al., Differential regulation of naive and memory CD4+ T cells by alternatively activated dendritic cells, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol.84, issue.1, pp.124-133, 2008.
DOI : 10.1189/jlb.1107744

A. Anderson, D. Swan, B. Sayers, R. Harry, A. Patterson et al., LPS activation is required for migratory activity and antigen presentation by tolerogenic dendritic cells, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol.85, issue.2, pp.243-250, 2009.
DOI : 10.1189/jlb.0608374

D. Raïch-regué, M. Naranjo-gomez, L. Grau-lopez, C. Ramo, R. Pujol-borrell et al., Differential effects of monophosphoryl lipid A and cytokine cocktail as maturation stimuli of immunogenic and tolerogenic dendritic cells for immunotherapy, Vaccine, vol.30, issue.2, pp.378-387
DOI : 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.10.081

H. Turnquist, J. Cardinal, C. Macedo, B. Rosborough, T. Sumpter et al., mTOR and GSK-3 shape the CD4+ T-cell stimulatory and differentiation capacity of myeloid DCs after exposure to LPS, Blood, vol.115, issue.23, pp.1154758-4769, 2010.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2009-10-251488

M. Naranjo-gomez, D. Raïch-regué, C. Onate, L. Grau-lopez, C. Ramo-tello et al., Comparative study of clinical grade human tolerogenic dendritic cells, Journal of Translational Medicine, vol.9, issue.1, p.89, 2011.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-065X.2001.1820117.x

H. Turnquist, G. Raimondi, A. Zahorchak, R. Fischer, Z. Wang et al., Rapamycin-Conditioned Dendritic Cells Are Poor Stimulators of Allogeneic CD4+ T Cells, but Enrich for Antigen-Specific Foxp3+ T Regulatory Cells and Promote Organ Transplant Tolerance, The Journal of Immunology, vol.178, issue.11, pp.1787018-7031, 2007.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.178.11.7018

C. Buelens, V. Verhasselt, D. Groote, D. Thielemans, K. Goldman et al., Human dendritic cell responses to lipopolysaccharide and CD40 ligation are differentially regulated by interleukin-10, European Journal of Immunology, vol.9, issue.8, pp.271848-1852, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/eji.1830270805

C. Buelens, F. Willems, A. Delvaux, G. Pierard, J. Delville et al., Interleukin-10 differentially regulates B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) expression on human peripheral blood dendritic cells, European Journal of Immunology, vol.1, issue.9, pp.2668-2672, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/eji.1830250940

K. Steinbrink, H. Jonuleit, G. Muller, G. Schuler, J. Knop et al., Interleukin- 10-treated human dendritic cells induce a melanoma-antigen-specific anergy in CD8(+) T cells resulting in a failure to lyse tumor cells, Blood, vol.93, issue.5, pp.1634-1642, 1999.

K. Steinbrink, E. Graulich, S. Kubsch, J. Knop, and A. Enk, CD4+ and CD8+ anergic T cells induced by interleukin-10-treated human dendritic cells display antigen-specific suppressor activity, Blood, vol.99, issue.7, pp.4-992468, 2002.
DOI : 10.1182/blood.V99.7.2468

A. Zahorchak, L. Kean, D. Tokita, H. Turnquist, M. Abe et al., Infusion of Stably Immature Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Plus CTLA4Ig Modulates Alloimmune Reactivity in Rhesus Macaques, Transplantation, vol.84, issue.2, pp.196-206, 2007.
DOI : 10.1097/01.tp.0000268582.21168.f6

S. Gregori, D. Tomasoni, V. Pacciani, M. Scirpoli, M. Battaglia et al., Differentiation of type 1 T regulatory cells (Tr1) by tolerogenic DC-10 requires the IL-10-dependent ILT4/HLA-G pathway, Blood, vol.116, issue.6, pp.935-944, 2010.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2009-07-234872

M. Levings, S. Gregori, E. Tresoldi, S. Cazzaniga, C. Bonini et al., Differentiation of Tr1 cells by immature dendritic cells requires IL-10 but not CD25+CD4+ Tr cells, Blood, vol.105, issue.3, pp.1162-1169, 2005.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2004-03-1211

T. Takayama, A. Morelli, N. Onai, M. Hirao, K. Matsushima et al., Mammalian and Viral IL-10 Enhance C-C Chemokine Receptor 5 but Down-Regulate C-C Chemokine Receptor 7 Expression by Myeloid Dendritic Cells: Impact on Chemotactic Responses and In Vivo Homing Ability, The Journal of Immunology, vol.166, issue.12, pp.1667136-7143, 2001.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.166.12.7136

K. Garrod, C. Chang, F. Liu, T. Brennan, R. Foster et al., Targeted Lymphoid Homing of Dendritic Cells Is Required for Prolongation of Allograft Survival, The Journal of Immunology, vol.177, issue.2, pp.863-868, 2006.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.177.2.863

N. Obermajer, R. Muthuswamy, J. Lesnock, R. Edwards, and P. Kalinski, Positive feedback between PGE2 and COX2 redirects the differentiation of human dendritic cells toward stable myeloid-derived suppressor cells, Blood, vol.118, issue.20, pp.1185498-5505, 2011.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2011-07-365825

. Misot-study-group, M. Hoogduijn, F. Popp, A. Grohnert, M. Crop et al., Advancement of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in solid organ transplantation (MISOT), Transplantation, vol.90, issue.2, pp.124-126, 2010.

M. Roemeling-van-rhijn, W. Weimar, and M. Hoogduijn, Mesenchymal stem cells, Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation, vol.17, issue.1, pp.55-62
DOI : 10.1097/MOT.0b013e32834ee676

J. Hutchinson, P. Riquelme, B. Sawitzki, S. Tomiuk, P. Miqueu et al., Cutting Edge: Immunological Consequences and Trafficking of Human Regulatory Macrophages Administered to Renal Transplant Recipients, The Journal of Immunology, vol.187, issue.5, pp.2072-2078, 2011.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.1100762

M. Segovia, M. Cuturi, and M. Hill, Preparation of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells with Immunoregulatory Properties, Methods MolBiol, vol.677, pp.161-168, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-60761-869-0_11

A. Moreau, M. Hill, P. Thebault, J. Deschamps, E. Chiffoleau et al., Tolerogenic dendritic cells actively inhibit T cells through heme oxygenase-1 in rodents and in nonhuman primates, The FASEB Journal, vol.23, issue.9, pp.3070-3077, 2009.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.08-128173

H. Peche, B. Trinite, B. Martinet, and M. Cuturi, Prolongation of Heart Allograft Survival by Immature Dendritic Cells Generated from Recipient Type Bone Marrow Progenitors, American Journal of Transplantation, vol.8, issue.2, pp.255-267, 2005.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00115.x

G. Beriou, H. Peche, C. Guillonneau, E. Merieau, and M. Cuturi, Donor-specific allograft tolerance by administration of recipient-derived immature dendritic cells and suboptimal immunosuppression, Transplantation, issue.8, pp.79969-972, 2005.

M. Lutz, R. Suri, M. Niimi, A. Ogilvie, N. Kukutsch et al., Immature dendritic cells generated with low doses of GM-CSF in the absence of IL-4 are maturation resistant and prolong allograft survival in vivo, Eur J Immunol, issue.7, pp.301813-1822, 2000.

S. Chitta, L. Santambrogio, and L. Stern, GMCSF in the absence of other cytokines sustains human dendritic cell precursors with T cell regulatory activity and capacity to differentiate into functional dendritic cells, Immunology Letters, vol.116, issue.1, pp.41-54, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.imlet.2007.11.013

T. Berger, E. Strasser, R. Smith, C. Carste, B. Schuler-thurner et al., Efficient elutriation of monocytes within a closed system (Elutra???) for clinical-scale generation of dendritic cells, Journal of Immunological Methods, vol.298, issue.1-2, pp.61-72, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jim.2005.01.005

M. Hill, P. Thebault, M. Segovia, C. Louvet, G. Beriou et al., Cell Therapy With Autologous Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Induces Allograft Tolerance Through Interferon-Gamma and Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Gene 3, American Journal of Transplantation, vol.1, issue.1 Suppl, pp.112036-2045, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03651.x

B. Redman, A. Chang, J. Whitfield, P. Esper, G. Jiang et al., Phase Ib Trial Assessing Autologous, Tumor-pulsed Dendritic Cells as a Vaccine Administered With or Without IL-2 in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma, Journal of Immunotherapy, vol.31, issue.6, pp.31591-598, 2008.
DOI : 10.1097/CJI.0b013e31817fd90b

M. Dhodapkar, R. Steinman, J. Krasovsky, C. Munz, and N. Bhardwaj, Antigen-Specific Inhibition of Effector T Cell Function in Humans after Injection of Immature Dendritic Cells, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.150, issue.2, pp.233-238, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-5699(98)01378-4

M. Dhodapkar and R. Steinman, Antigen-bearing immature dendritic cells induce peptide-specific CD8+ regulatory T cells in vivo in humans, Blood, vol.100, issue.1, pp.174-177, 2002.
DOI : 10.1182/blood.V100.1.174

N. Giannoukakis, B. Phillips, D. Finegold, J. Harnaha, and M. Trucco, Phase I (safety) study of autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care, pp.2026-2032, 2011.

A. Imai, H. Sahara, Y. Tamura, K. Jimbow, T. Saito et al., Inhibition of endogenous MHC class II-restricted antigen presentation by tacrolimus (FK506) via FKBP51, European Journal of Immunology, vol.9, issue.7, pp.371730-1738, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/eji.200636392

Y. Lee, I. Yang, Y. Lee, S. Im, S. Song et al., Cyclosporin A and tacrolimus, but not rapamycin, inhibit MHC-restricted antigen presentation pathways in dendritic cells, Blood, vol.105, issue.10, pp.1053951-3955, 2005.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2004-10-3927

O. Azhipa, K. Kimizuka, A. Nakao, H. Toyokawa, T. Okuda et al., Comparative analysis of the fate of donor dendritic cells and B cells and their influence on alloreactive T cell responses under tacrolimus immunosuppression, Clinical Immunology, vol.114, issue.2, pp.199-209, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clim.2004.10.005

H. Matsue, C. Yang, K. Matsue, D. Edelbaum, M. Mummert et al., Contrasting Impacts of Immunosuppressive Agents (Rapamycin, FK506, Cyclosporin A, and Dexamethasone) on Bidirectional Dendritic Cell-T Cell Interaction During Antigen Presentation, The Journal of Immunology, vol.169, issue.7, pp.1693555-3564, 2002.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.169.7.3555

A. Morelli, M. Antonysamy, T. Takayama, H. Hackstein, Z. Chen et al., Microchimerism, Donor Dendritic Cells, and Alloimmune Reactivity in Recipients of Flt3 Ligand-Mobilized Hemopoietic Cells: Modulation by Tacrolimus, The Journal of Immunology, vol.165, issue.1, pp.226-237, 2000.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.165.1.226

J. Cos, T. Villalba, R. Parra, D. Gallardo, I. Bilbao et al., FK506 in the maturation of dendritic cells, Haematologica, vol.87, issue.7, pp.679-687, 2002.

K. Duperrier, F. Velten, J. Bohlender, A. Demory, P. Metharom et al., Immunosuppressive agents mediate reduced allostimulatory properties of myeloid-derived dendritic cells despite induction of divergent molecular phenotypes, Molecular Immunology, vol.42, issue.12, pp.421531-1540, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.01.006

P. Monti, A. Mercalli, B. Leone, D. Valerio, P. Allavena et al., Rapamycin impairs antigen uptake of human dendritic cells1, Transplantation, vol.75, issue.1, pp.137-145, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/00007890-200301150-00025

K. Shimizu, S. Fujii, K. Fujimoto, K. Kawa, A. Yamada et al., Tacrolimus (FK506) treatment of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells promote the development of dendritic cells that drive CD4+ T cells toward Th2 responses, J LeukocBiol, issue.5, pp.68633-640, 2000.

G. Szabo, C. Gavala, and P. Mandrekar, Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine A Inhibit Allostimulatory Capacity and Cytokine Production of Human Myeloid Dendritic Cells, Journal of Investigative Medicine, vol.68, issue.5, pp.442-449, 2001.
DOI : 10.2310/6650.2001.33789

M. Tiefenthaler, S. Hofer, S. Ebner, L. Ivarsson, S. Neyer et al., In vitro treatment of dendritic cells with tacrolimus: impaired T-cell activation and IP-10 expression, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol.19, issue.3, pp.553-560, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/ndt/gfg594

C. Han, H. Li, Y. Wang, M. Zhang, Y. Wang et al., The influence of mycophenolate mofetil upon the maturation and allostimulatory activity of cultured dendritic cell progenitors and the effects of tolerance induction in allograft recipients, Zhonghua Yi XueZaZhi, issue.19, pp.851327-1332, 2005.

A. Mehling, S. Grabbe, M. Voskort, T. Schwarz, T. Luger et al., Mycophenolate Mofetil Impairs the Maturation and Function of Murine Dendritic Cells, The Journal of Immunology, vol.165, issue.5, pp.2374-2381, 2000.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.165.5.2374

M. Colic, Z. Stojic-vukanic, B. Pavlovic, D. Jandric, and I. Stefanoska, Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits differentiation, maturation and allostimulatory function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, vol.21, issue.1, pp.63-69, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/intimm/11.9.1519

X. Li, K. Dou, H. Liu, F. Zhang, and L. Cai, Immune tolerance induced by IL-10 and methylprednisolone modified dendritic cellsin vitro, pp.436-438, 2007.

C. Luther, E. Adamopoulou, C. Stoeckle, V. Brucklacher-waldert, D. Rosenkranz et al., Prednisolone Treatment Induces Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and a Regulatory Milieu in Myasthenia Gravis Patients, The Journal of Immunology, vol.183, issue.2, pp.841-848, 2009.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.0802046

D. Rozkova, R. Horvath, J. Bartunkova, and R. Spisek, Glucocorticoids severely impair differentiation and antigen presenting function of dendritic cells despite upregulation of Toll-like receptors, ClinImmunol, vol.120, issue.3, pp.260-271, 2006.

N. Vanderheyde, V. Verhasselt, M. Goldman, and F. Willems, INHIBITION OF HUMAN DENDRITIC CELL FUNCTIONS BY METHYLPREDNISOLONE, Transplantation, vol.67, issue.10, pp.1342-1347, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00007890-199905270-00009

P. Emmer, J. Van-der-vlag, G. Adema, and L. Hilbrands, Dendritic Cells Activated by Lipopolysaccharide after Dexamethasone Treatment Induce Donor-Specific Allograft Hyporesponsiveness, Transplantation, vol.81, issue.10, pp.811451-1459, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.tp.0000208801.51222.bd

URL : http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/2066/49648/1/49648.pdf

G. Yu, X. Xu, M. Vu, E. Kilpatrick, and X. Li, NK cells promote transplant tolerance by killing donor antigen-presenting cells, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.203, issue.8, pp.1851-1858, 2006.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.214

S. Divito, Z. Wang, W. Shufesky, Q. Liu, O. Tkacheva et al., Endogenous dendritic cells mediate the effects of intravenously injected therapeutic immunosuppressive dendritic cells in transplantation, Blood, vol.116, issue.15, pp.1162694-2705, 2010.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2009-10-251058

Z. Wang, S. Divito, W. Shufesky, T. Sumpter, H. Wang et al., Dendritic Cell Therapies in Transplantation Revisited: Deletion of Recipient DCs Deters the Effect of Therapeutic DCs, American Journal of Transplantation, vol.15, issue.6
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04060.x

A. Eggert, M. Schreurs, O. Boerman, W. Oyen, A. De-boer et al., Biodistribution and vaccine efficiency of murine dendritic cells are dependent on the route of administration, Cancer Res, issue.14, pp.593340-3345, 1999.

A. Mackensen, T. Krause, U. Blum, P. Uhrmeister, R. Mertelsmann et al., Homing of intravenously and intralymphatically injected human dendritic cells generatedin vitrofrom CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, Cancer ImmunolImmunother, vol.48, pp.2-3118, 1999.

. Moreau, Cell therapy using tolerogenic dendritic cells in transplantation, Transplantation Research, vol.1, issue.1, p.13, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04060.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00796724