Eubacterial tmRNAs mediate, at least in Escherichia coli, recycling of ribosomes stalled at the end of terminatorless mRNAs. A tmRNA-encoded peptide tag is added to abnormal protein products of truncated mRNAs. This tag is a specific signal for proteolysis of the aberrant protein. To obtain further sequence information, PCR was used to amplify more Eubacterial genes for tmRNA. Fifty-eight new tmDNA sequences including from members of nine additional phyla were determined. Remarkably, tmDNA sequences could be amplified from all species tested apart from those in the alpha-Proteobacteria, raising evolutionary implications.