G. F. Tu, G. E. Reid, J. G. Zhang, R. L. Moritz, and R. J. Simpson, C-terminal extension of truncated recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli with a 10Sa RNA decapeptide, J. Biol. Chem, vol.270, pp.9322-9326, 1995.

K. C. Keiler, P. R. Waller, and R. T. Sauer, Role of a Peptide Tagging System in Degradation of Proteins Synthesized from Damaged Messenger RNA, Science, vol.271, issue.5251, pp.990-993, 1996.
DOI : 10.1126/science.271.5251.990

H. Himeno, M. Sato, T. Tadaki, M. Fukushima, C. Ushida et al., In vitro Trans Translation mediated by alanine-charged 10sa RNA, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.268, issue.5, pp.803-808, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/jmbi.1997.1011

A. W. Karzai, E. D. Roche, and R. T. Sauer, The SsrA-SmpB system for protein tagging, directed degradation and ribosome rescue, Nature Struct. Biol, vol.7, pp.449-455, 2000.

J. Rudinger-thirion, R. Giegé, and B. Felden, Aminoacylated tmRNA from Escherichia coli interacts with prokaryotic elongation factor Tu, RNA, vol.5, issue.8, pp.989-992, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/S135583829999101X
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00718433

A. W. Karzai, M. M. Susskind, and R. T. Sauer, SmpB, a unique RNA-binding protein essential for the peptide-tagging activity of SsrA (tmRNA), The EMBO Journal, vol.18, issue.13, pp.3793-3799, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/18.13.3793

Y. Komine, M. Kitabatake, T. Yokogawa, and K. Nishikawa, A tRNA-like structure is present in 10Sa RNA, a small stable RNA from Escherichia coli., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 91, pp.9223-9227, 1994.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.91.20.9223

N. Nameki, T. Tadaki, A. Muto, and H. Himeno, Amino acid acceptor identity switch of Escherichia coli tmRNA from alanine to histidine in Vitro, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.289, issue.1, pp.1-7, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/jmbi.1999.2754

K. P. Williams, K. A. Martindale, and D. P. Bartel, Resuming translation on tmRNA: a unique mode of determining a reading frame, The EMBO Journal, vol.18, issue.19, pp.5423-5433, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/18.19.5423

S. Gottesman, E. Roche, Y. Zhou, and R. T. Sauer, The ClpXP and ClpAP proteases degrade proteins with carboxy-terminal peptide tails added by the SsrA-tagging??system, Genes & Development, vol.12, issue.9, pp.1338-1347, 1998.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.12.9.1338

T. Abo, T. Inada, K. Ogawa, and H. Aiba, operon, The EMBO Journal, vol.181, issue.14, pp.3762-3769, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/19.14.3762

A. Muto, A. Fujihara, K. Ito, J. Matsuno, C. Ushida et al., Requirement of transfer-messenger RNA for the growth of Bacillus subtilis under stresses, Genes to Cells, vol.81, issue.8, pp.627-635, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/27.1.165

C. Huang, M. C. Wolfgang, J. Withey, M. Koomey, and D. I. Friedman, Charged tmRNA but not tmRNA-mediated proteolysis is essential for Neisseria gonorrhoeae viability, The EMBO Journal, vol.27, issue.5, pp.1098-1107, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/19.5.1098
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC305648

S. M. Julio, D. M. Heithoff, and M. J. Mahan, ssrA (tmRNA) Plays a Role in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Pathogenesis, Journal of Bacteriology, vol.182, issue.6, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/JB.182.6.1558-1563.2000

K. C. Keiler, L. Shapiro, and K. P. Wiliams, tmRNAs that encode proteolysis-inducing tags are found in all known bacterial genomes: A two-piece tmRNA functions in Caulobacter, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, pp.7778-7783, 2000.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.97.14.7778

K. P. Williams and D. P. Bartel, Phylogenetic analysis of tmRNA secondary structure, RNA, vol.2, pp.1306-1310, 1996.

B. Felden, H. Himeno, A. Muto, J. F. Atkins, and R. F. Gesteland, Structural organization of Escherichia coli tmRNA, Biochimie, vol.78, issue.11-12, pp.979-983, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0300-9084(97)86720-X

B. Felden, H. Himeno, A. Muto, J. P. Mccutcheon, J. F. Atkins et al., Probing the structure of the Escherichia coli 10Sa RNA (tmRNA), RNA, vol.3, pp.89-103, 1997.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00814124

R. P. Hickerson, C. D. Watkins-sims, C. J. Burrows, J. F. Atkins, R. F. Gesteland et al., A nickel complex cleaves uridine in folded RNA structures: application to E. coli tmRNA and related engineered molecules, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.279, issue.3, pp.577-587, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1813
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00719619

N. Nameki, B. Felden, J. F. Atkins, R. F. Gesteland, H. Himeno et al., Functional and structural analysis of a pseudoknot upstream of the tag-encoded sequence in E. coli tmRNA, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.286, issue.3, pp.733-744, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/jmbi.1998.2487
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00719345

N. Nameki, P. Chattopadhyay, H. Himeno, A. Muto, and G. Kawai, An NMR and mutational analysis of an RNA pseudoknot of Escherichia coli tmRNA involved in frans-translation, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.27, issue.18, pp.3667-3675, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/27.18.3667

K. P. Williams, The tmRNA Website, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.28, issue.1, p.168, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/28.1.168
URL : http://doi.org/10.1093/nar/27.1.165

C. Zwieb and J. Wower, tmRDB (tmRNA database), Nucleic Acids Research, vol.28, issue.1, pp.169-170, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/28.1.169

B. Felden, R. F. Gesteland, and J. F. Atkins, Eubacterial tmRNAs: everywhere except the alpha-Proteobacteria?, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression, vol.1446, issue.1-2, pp.1446-145, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-4781(99)00085-8
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00718479

C. Massire, L. Jaeger, and E. Westhof, Derivation of the three-dimensional architecture of bacterial ribonuclease P RNAs from comparative sequence analysis, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.279, issue.4, pp.773-793, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1797

C. Massire and E. Westhof, MANIP: an interactive tool for modelling RNA, Journal of Molecular Graphics and Modelling, vol.16, issue.4-6, pp.197-205, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S1093-3263(98)80004-1

V. Lehnert, L. Jaeger, F. Michel, and E. Westhof, New loop-loop tertiary interactions in self-splicing introns of subgroup IC and ID: a complete 3D model of the Tetrahymena thermophila ribozyme, Chemistry & Biology, vol.3, issue.12, pp.993-1009, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S1074-5521(96)90166-0

A. R. Ferre-d-'amare, K. Zhou, and J. A. Doudna, Crystal structure of a hepatitis ? virus ribozyme, Nature, vol.395, pp.567-574, 1998.

J. L. Battiste, H. Mao, N. S. Rao, R. Tan, D. R. Muhandiram et al., alpha Helix-RNA Major Groove Recognition in an HIV-1 Rev Peptide-RRE RNA Complex, Science, vol.273, issue.5281, pp.1547-1551, 1996.
DOI : 10.1126/science.273.5281.1547

X. Ye, A. Gorin, A. D. Ellington, and D. J. Patel, Deep penetration of an ??-helix into a widened RNA major groove in the HIV-1 rev peptide???RNA aptamer complex, Nature Structural Biology, vol.6, issue.12, p.1026, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0076-6879(95)61017-0

T. Hermann and E. Westhof, Non-Watson-Crick base pairs in RNA-protein recognition, Chemistry & Biology, vol.6, issue.12, pp.335-343, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1074-5521(00)80003-4

C. R. Woese, S. Winker, and R. R. Gutell, Architecture of ribosomal RNA: constraints on the sequence of "tetra-loops"., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, pp.8467-8471, 1990.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.87.21.8467

D. L. Abramovitz and A. M. Pyle, Remarkable morphological variability of a common RNA folding motif: the GNRATetraloop-receptor interaction, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.266, issue.3, pp.493-506, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/jmbi.1996.0810

L. Jaeger, F. Michel, and E. Westhof, Involvement of a GNRA tetraloop in long-range RNA tertiary interactions, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.236, issue.5, pp.1271-1276, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2836(94)90055-8

M. Costa and F. Michel, Frequent use of the same tertiary motif by self-folding RNAs, EMBO J, vol.14, pp.1276-1285, 1995.