T. M. Achenbach, Achenbach System of Empirically-Based Assessment Available at: http://www.aseba.org/ [accessed on, 2007.

S. Aldington, M. Williams, M. Nowitz, M. Weatherall, A. Pritchard et al., Effects of cannabis on pulmonary structure, function and symptoms, Thorax, vol.62, issue.12, pp.1058-1063, 2007.
DOI : 10.1136/thx.2006.077081

J. Alonso, M. C. Angermeyer, S. Bernert, R. Bruffaerts, T. S. Brugha et al., Sampling and methods of the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders (ESEMeD) project, Acta Psychiatr Scand, vol.420, pp.8-20, 2004.

P. Amato and B. Keith, Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-analysis., Psychological Bulletin, vol.110, issue.1, pp.26-46, 1991.
DOI : 10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.26

L. Arseneault, M. Cannon, R. Poulton, R. Murray, A. Caspi et al., Cannabis use in adolescence and risk for adult psychosis: longitudinal prospective study, BMJ, vol.325, issue.7374, pp.1212-1213, 2002.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1212

M. Asbridge, C. Poulin, and A. Donato, Motor vehicle collision risk and driving under the influence of cannabis: Evidence from adolescents in Atlantic Canada, Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol.37, issue.6, pp.1025-1034, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aap.2005.05.006

A. E. Barrett and J. R. Turner, Family structure and substance use problems in adolescence and early adulthood: examining explanations for the relationship, Addiction, vol.18, issue.1, pp.109-120, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01296.x

W. R. Beardslee, E. M. Versage, and T. R. Gladstone, Children of affectively ill patients: A review of the past 10 years Journal of The American Academy of Child and Adolescent, pp.1134-1141, 1998.

A. Booth and P. Amato, Divorce and Psychological Stress, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, vol.32, issue.4, pp.396-407, 1991.
DOI : 10.2307/2137106

J. Breslau, E. Miller, R. Jin, N. A. Sampson, J. Alonso et al., A multinational study of mental disorders, marriage, and divorce, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol.200413, issue.6, pp.1-13, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01712.x

M. L. Bruce and K. M. Kim, Differences in the effects of divorce on major depression in men and women. The American Journal of Psychiatry, pp.914-917, 1992.

R. C. Cortes, C. B. Fleming, W. A. Mason, and R. F. Catalano, Risk Factors Linking Maternal Depressed Mood to Growth in Adolescent Substance Use, Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, vol.17, issue.1, pp.49-64, 2009.
DOI : 10.1177/1063426608321690

L. Degenhardt, W. Hall, and M. Lynskey, The relationship between cannabis use and other substance use in the general population, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol.64, issue.3, pp.319-327, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0376-8716(01)00130-2

I. F. Fawzy, R. H. Coombs, and B. Gerber, Generational continuity in the use of substances: The impact of parental substance use on adolescent substance use, Addictive Behaviors, vol.8, issue.2, pp.109-114, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4603(83)90003-5

E. Fombonne, The Chartres Study: I. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among French school-age children, The British Journal of Psychiatry, vol.164, issue.1, pp.69-79, 1994.
DOI : 10.1192/bjp.164.1.69

E. Fombonne, The Use of Questionnaires in Child Psychiatry Research: Measuring their Performance and Choosing an Optimal Cut-Off, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.18, issue.4, pp.677-693, 1991.
DOI : 10.1037//0033-2909.99.1.100

E. Fombonne and S. Vermeersch, Children of the GAZEL Cohort: I--Prevalence of contacts with the medico-educational system for psychological reasons, and associated factors. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, pp.29-40, 1997.

S. G. Gerberich, S. Sidney, B. L. Braun, I. S. Tekawa, K. K. Tolan et al., Marijuana Use and Injury Events Resulting in Hospitalization, ,, Annals of Epidemiology, vol.13, issue.4, pp.230-237, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1047-2797(02)00411-8

M. Goldberg, A. Leclerc, S. Bonenfant, J. F. Chastang, A. Schmaus et al., Cohort profile: the GAZEL Cohort Study, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.36, issue.1, pp.32-39, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dyl247
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00150053

J. Green, K. Mclaughlin, P. Berglund, M. Gruber, N. Sampson et al., Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) I: Associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders, Arch Gen Psychiatry, vol.62, pp.113-123, 2010.

W. Hall and N. Solowij, Adverse effects of cannabis, The Lancet, vol.352, issue.9140, pp.1611-1616, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)05021-1

M. R. Hayatbakhsh, J. M. Najman, W. Bor, and G. M. Williams, Multiple Risk Factor Model Predicting Cannabis Use and Use Disorders: A Longitudinal Study, The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, vol.21, issue.1, pp.399-407, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/sim.1728

M. R. Hayatbakhsh, J. M. Najman, K. Jamrozik, A. A. Mamun, G. M. Williams et al., Changes in maternal marital status are associated with young adults' cannabis use: evidence from a 21-year follow-up of a birth cohort, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.35, issue.3, pp.673-679, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dyi320

M. R. Hayatbakhsh, R. Alati, D. M. Hutchinson, K. Jamrozik, J. M. Najman et al., Association of Maternal Smoking and Alcohol Consumption with Young Adults' Cannabis Use: A Prospective Study, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.166, issue.5, pp.592-598, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwm110

K. Kumpfer and B. Bluth, Parent/Child Transactional Processes Predictive of Resilience or Vulnerability to ???Substance Abuse Disorders???, Substance Use & Misuse, vol.136, issue.2, pp.671-698, 2004.
DOI : 10.3109/10550499309115950

B. Laumon, B. Gadegbeku, J. Martin, M. Biecheler, S. The et al., Cannabis intoxication and fatal road crashes in France: population based case-control study, BMJ, vol.331, issue.7529, p.1371, 2005.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.38648.617986.1F

S. Ledoux, P. Miller, M. Choquet, and M. Plank, Family structure, parent-child relationships, and alcohol and other drug use among teenagers in France and UK. Alcohol and Alcoholism, pp.52-60, 2002.

S. Legleye, S. Spilka, L. Nézet, O. Laffiteau, and C. , Les Drogues à 17 Ans. Résultats De l'Enquête ESCAPAD Available at, 2008.

R. Leib, B. Isensee, M. Hofler, H. Pfiste, and H. Wittchen, Parental Major Depression and the Risk of Depression and Other Mental Disorders in Offspring, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.59, issue.4, pp.365-374, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/archpsyc.59.4.365

W. Liang, T. Chikritzhs, and S. Lenton, Affective disorders and anxiety disorders predict the risk of drug harmful use and dependence, Addiction, vol.6, issue.6, pp.1126-1134, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03362.x

J. M. Mart?´nez-ortega, D. Jurado, M. A. Mart?´nez-gonza´lez, and M. Gurpegui, Nicotine dependence, use of illegal drugs and psychiatric morbidity, pp.1722-1729, 2006.

R. Mcgee, S. Williams, R. Poulton, and T. Moffitt, A longitudinal study of cannabis use and mental health from adolescence to early adulthood, Addiction, vol.95, issue.4, pp.491-605, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.9544912.x

K. Mclaughlin, J. Green, M. Gruber, N. Sampson, A. Zaslavsky et al., Childhood Adversities and Adult Psychiatric Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication II, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.67, issue.2, pp.124-132, 2010.
DOI : 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.187

M. Melchior, T. E. Moffitt, B. J. Milne, R. Poulton, and A. Caspi, Why Do Children from Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Families Suffer from Poor Health When They Reach Adulthood? A Life-Course Study, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.166, issue.8, pp.966-974, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwm155
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00165622

M. Melchior, J. Chastang, P. Goldberg, and E. Fombonne, High prevalence rates of tobacco, alcohol and drug use in adolescents and young adults in France: Results from the GAZEL Youth study, Addictive Behaviors, vol.33, issue.1, pp.122-133, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.09.009
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00226396

T. H. Moore, S. Zammit, A. Lingford-hughes, T. R. Barnes, P. B. Jones et al., Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review, The Lancet, vol.370, issue.9584, pp.319-328, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61162-3

R. H. Needle, S. S. Su, and W. J. Doherty, Divorce, Remarriage, and Adolescent Substance Use: A Prospective Longitudinal Study, Journal of Marriage and the Family, vol.52, issue.1, pp.157-169, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/352847

L. S. Neher and J. L. Short, Risk and protective factors for children's substance use and antisocial behavior following parental divorce., American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, vol.68, issue.1, pp.154-161, 1998.
DOI : 10.1037/h0080281

G. C. Patton, C. Coffey, J. B. Carlin, L. Degenhardt, M. Lynskey et al., Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study, BMJ, vol.325, issue.7374, pp.1195-1198, 2002.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1195

C. Peisah, H. Brodaty, G. Luscombe, and K. J. Ansteyd, Children of a cohort of depressed patients 25 years later: psychopathology and relationships, Journal of Affective Disorders, vol.82, pp.385-394, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jad.2004.03.002

D. T. Ragan and K. M. Beaver, Chronic Offenders: A Life-Course Analysis of Marijuana Users, Youth & Society, vol.42, issue.2, pp.174-198, 2010.
DOI : 10.1177/0044118X09351788

J. G. Ramaekers, G. Berghaus, M. Van-laar, and O. H. Drummer, Dose related risk of motor vehicle crashes after cannabis use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, pp.109-119, 2004.

B. Rammstedt and O. P. John, Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German, Journal of Research in Personality, vol.41, issue.1, pp.203-212, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jrp.2006.02.001

B. Redonnet, A. Chollet, E. Fombonne, L. Bowes, and M. Melchior, Tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and other illegal drug use among young adults: the socioeconomic context. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, pp.231-239, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00679745

J. E. Schulenberg, A. C. Merline, L. D. Johnston, P. M. O-'malley, J. G. Bachman et al., Trajectories of Marijuana use during the Transition to Adulthood: The Big Picture Based on National Panel Data, Journal of Drug Issues, vol.35, issue.2, pp.255-279, 2005.
DOI : 10.1177/002204260503500203

M. Skeer, M. C. Mccormick, S. T. Normand, S. L. Buka, and S. E. Gilman, A prospective study of familial conflict, psychological stress, and the development of substance use disorders in adolescence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, pp.65-72, 2009.

C. Stranger, E. Fombonne, and T. M. Achenbach, Epidemiological comparisons of American and French children: parent reports of problems and competencies for ages 6-11. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, pp.16-28, 1994.

D. R. Taylor, R. Poulton, T. Moffitt, P. Ramankutty, and M. Sears, The respiratory effects of cannabis dependence in young adults, Addiction, vol.95, issue.11, pp.1669-1677, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.951116697.x

R. D. Taylor, D. M. Fergusson, B. J. Milne, L. J. Horwood, T. E. Moffitt et al., A longitudinal study of the effects of tobacco and cannabis exposure on lung function in young adults, Addiction, vol.95, issue.8, pp.1055-1061, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00169.x

C. Timko, R. C. Cronkite, R. Swindle, R. L. Robinson, A. Sutkowi et al., Parental depression as a moderator of secondary deficits of depression in adult offspring. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev, pp.575-588, 2009.

M. M. Weissman, V. Warner, P. Wickramaratne, D. Moreau, and M. Olfson, Offspring of Depressed Parents, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.54, issue.10, pp.932-940, 1997.
DOI : 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830220054009