J. Liu, J. Baker, A. Perkins, E. Robertson, and A. Efstratiadis, Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igf1r), Cell, vol.75, issue.1, pp.59-72, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(05)80084-4

Y. Zhou, B. Xu, H. Maheshwari, L. He, and M. Reed, A mammalian model for Laron syndrome produced by targeted disruption of the mouse growth hormone receptor/binding protein gene (the Laron mouse), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.94, issue.24, pp.13215-13220, 1997.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.94.24.13215

R. Kulkarni, M. Holzenberger, D. Shih, U. Ozcan, and M. Stoffel, bcell specific deletion of the IGF-1 receptor leads to hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance but does not alter b-cell mass, Nat Genet, vol.31, pp.111-115, 2002.

K. Ueki, T. Okada, J. Hu, C. Liew, and A. Assman, Total insulin and IGF-I resistance in pancreatic ?? cells causes overt diabetes, Nature Genetics, vol.104, issue.5, pp.583-588, 2006.
DOI : 10.1074/JBC.M909647199

D. Leroith and S. Yakar, Mechanisms of Disease: metabolic effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1, Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.89, issue.3, pp.302-310, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/ncpendmet0427

K. Coschigano, D. Clemmons, L. Bellushi, and J. Kopchick, Assessment of Growth Parameters and Life Span of GHR/BP Gene-Disrupted Mice, Endocrinology, vol.141, issue.7, pp.2608-2613, 2000.
DOI : 10.1210/en.141.7.2608

K. Coschigano, A. Holland, M. Riders, E. List, and A. Flyvbjerg, Deletion, But Not Antagonism, of the Mouse Growth Hormone Receptor Results in Severely Decreased Body Weights, Insulin, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Levels and Increased Life Span, Endocrinology, vol.144, issue.9, pp.3799-3810, 2003.
DOI : 10.1210/en.2003-0374

P. Godfrey, J. Rahal, W. Beamer, N. Copeland, and N. Jenkins, GHRH receptor of little mice contains a missense mutation in the extracellular domain that disrupts receptor function, Nature Genetics, vol.84, issue.3, pp.227-232, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90341-6

K. Flurkey, J. Papaconstantinou, R. Miller, and D. Harrison, Lifespan extension and delayed immune and collagen aging in mutant mice with defects in growth hormone production, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.98, issue.12, pp.6736-6741, 2001.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.111158898

M. Holzenberger, J. Dupont, B. Ducos, P. Leneuve, and A. Geloen, IGF-1 receptor regulates lifespan and resistance to oxidative stress in mice, Nature, vol.959, issue.6919, pp.182-187, 2003.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M006741200

C. Selman, S. Lingard, A. Choudhury, R. Batterham, and M. Claret, Evidence for lifespan extension and delayed age-related biomarkers in insulin receptor substrate 1 null mice, The FASEB Journal, vol.22, issue.3, pp.807-818, 2008.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.07-9261com

A. Taguchi, L. Wartschow, and M. White, Brain IRS2 Signaling Coordinates Life Span and Nutrient Homeostasis, Science, vol.317, issue.5836, pp.369-372, 2007.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1142179

C. Kenyon, J. Chang, E. Gensch, A. Rudner, and R. Tabtiang, A C. elegans mutant that lives twice as long as wild type, Nature, vol.366, issue.6454, pp.461-464, 1993.
DOI : 10.1038/366461a0

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00019348

C. Kenyon, A Conserved Regulatory System for Aging, Cell, vol.105, issue.2, pp.165-168, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00306-3

M. Tatar, A. Kopelman, D. Epstein, M. Tu, and C. Yin, A Mutant Drosophila Insulin Receptor Homolog That Extends Life-Span and Impairs Neuroendocrine Function, Science, vol.292, issue.5514, pp.107-110, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1057987

M. Giannakou and L. Partridge, Role of insulin-like signalling in Drosophila lifespan, Trends in Biochemical Sciences, vol.32, issue.4, pp.180-188, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tibs.2007.02.007

Y. Suh, G. Atzmon, M. Cho, D. Hwang, and B. Liu, Functionally significant insulin-like growth factor I receptor mutations in centenarians, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.105, issue.9, pp.3438-3442, 2008.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0705467105

M. Bonafé, M. Barbieri, F. Marchegiani, F. Olivieri, and E. Ragno, Polymorphic Variants of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) Receptor and Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Genes Affect IGF-I Plasma Levels and Human Longevity: Cues for an Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanism of Life Span Control, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.88, issue.7, pp.3299-3304, 2003.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2002-021810

D. Van-heemst, M. Beekman, S. Mooijaart, B. Heijmans, and B. Brandt, Reduced insulin/IGF-1 signalling and human longevity, Aging Cell, vol.44, issue.Suppl. 1, pp.79-85, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1474-9728.2005.00148.x

A. Bartke, Is growth hormone deficiency a beneficial adaptation to aging? Evidence from experimental animals, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.14, issue.7, pp.340-344, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1043-2760(03)00115-2

C. Kenyon, The Plasticity of Aging: Insights from Long-Lived Mutants, Cell, vol.120, issue.4, pp.449-460, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2005.02.002

H. Yang, S. Lavu, and D. Sinclair, Nampt/PBEF/Visfatin: A regulator of mammalian health and longevity?, Experimental Gerontology, vol.41, issue.8, pp.718-726, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.exger.2006.06.003

L. Frohman and R. Kineman, Growth hormone-releasing hormone and pituitary development, hyperplasia and tumorigenesis, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.13, issue.7, pp.299-303, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1043-2760(02)00613-6

J. Apfeld and C. Kenyon, Cell Nonautonomy of C. elegans daf-2 Function in the Regulation of Diapause and Life Span, Cell, vol.95, issue.2, pp.199-210, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81751-1

C. Wolkow, K. Kimura, M. Lee, and G. Ruvkun, Regulation of C. elegans Life-Span by Insulinlike Signaling in the Nervous System, Science, vol.290, issue.5489, pp.147-150, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.290.5489.147

J. Apfeld and C. Kenyon, Regulation of lifespan by sensory perception in Caenorhabditis elegans, Nature, vol.402, pp.804-808, 1999.

J. Alcedo and C. Kenyon, Regulation of C. elegans Longevity by Specific Gustatory and Olfactory Neurons, Neuron, vol.41, issue.1, pp.45-55, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00816-X

D. Hwangbo, B. Gershman, M. Tu, M. Palmer, and M. Tatar, Drosophila dFOXO controls lifespan and regulates insulin signalling in brain and fat body, Nature, vol.129, issue.6991, pp.562-566, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/426620a

M. Giannakou, M. Goss, M. Junger, E. Hafen, and S. Leevers, Long-Lived Drosophila with Overexpressed dFOXO in Adult Fat Body, Science, vol.305, issue.5682, p.361, 2004.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1098219

D. Berryman, E. List, K. Coschigano, K. Behar, and J. Kim, Comparing adiposity profiles in three mouse models with altered GH signaling, Growth Hormone & IGF Research, vol.14, issue.4, pp.309-318, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ghir.2004.02.005

D. Berryman, E. List, D. Kohn, K. Coschigano, and R. Seeley, Effect of Growth Hormone on Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Obesity, Endocrinology, vol.147, issue.6, pp.2801-2808, 2006.
DOI : 10.1210/en.2006-0086

C. Meyer, D. Korthaus, W. Jagla, E. Cornali, and J. Grosse, A Novel Missense Mutation in the Mouse Growth Hormone Gene Causes Semidominant Dwarfism, Hyperghrelinemia, and Obesity, Endocrinology, vol.145, issue.5, pp.2531-2541, 2004.
DOI : 10.1210/en.2003-1125

X. Mao, Y. Fujiwara, and S. Orkin, Improved reporter strain for monitoring Cre recombinase-mediated DNA excisions in mice, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.96, issue.9, pp.5037-5042, 1999.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.96.9.5037

S. Yakar, J. Setser, H. Zhao, B. Stannard, and M. Haluzik, Inhibition of growth hormone action improves insulin sensitivity in liver IGF-1???deficient mice, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.113, issue.1, pp.96-105, 2004.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI200417763

H. Brown-borg, K. Borg, C. Meliska, and A. Bartke, Dwarf mice and the ageing process, Nature, vol.384, issue.6604, p.33, 1996.
DOI : 10.1038/384033a0

L. Tissier, P. Carmignac, D. Lilley, S. Sesay, A. Phelps et al., Hypothalamic Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) Deficiency: Targeted Ablation of GHRH Neurons in Mice Using a Viral Ion Channel Transgene, Molecular Endocrinology, vol.19, issue.5, pp.1251-1262, 2005.
DOI : 10.1210/me.2004-0223

S. Oldham and E. Hafen, Insulin/IGF and target of rapamycin signaling: a TOR de force in growth control, Trends in Cell Biology, vol.13, issue.2, pp.79-85, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0962-8924(02)00042-9

J. Thissen, L. Underwood, and J. Ketelslegers, Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I in Starvation and Injury, Nutrition Reviews, vol.57, issue.6, pp.167-176, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1999.tb06939.x

N. Klö-ting, L. Koch, T. Wunderlich, M. Kern, and K. Ruschke, Autocrine IGF-1 Action in Adipocytes Controls Systemic IGF-1 Concentrations and Growth, Diabetes, vol.57, issue.8, pp.2074-2082, 2008.
DOI : 10.2337/db07-1538

P. Brakefield, D. Gems, T. Cowen, K. Christensen, and B. Grubeck-loebenstein, What are the effects of maternal and pre-adult environments on ageing in humans, and are there lessons from animal models?, Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, vol.126, issue.3, pp.431-438, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mad.2004.07.013

P. Gluckman and M. Hanson, Developmental plasticity and human disease: research directions, Journal of Internal Medicine, vol.78, issue.5, pp.461-471, 2007.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.38979.623773.55

Y. Fridell, A. Sanchez-blanco, B. Silvia, and S. Helfand, Targeted expression of the human uncoupling protein 2 (hUCP2) to adult neurons extends life span in the fly, Cell Metabolism, vol.1, issue.2, pp.145-152, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cmet.2005.01.005

J. Bauer, P. Poon, H. Glatt-deeley, J. Abrams, and S. Helfand, Neuronal Expression of p53 Dominant-Negative Proteins in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Extends Life Span, Current Biology, vol.15, issue.22, pp.2063-2068, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2005.10.051

N. Sutter, C. Bustamante, K. Chase, M. Gray, and K. Zhao, A Single IGF1 Allele Is a Major Determinant of Small Size in Dogs, Science, vol.316, issue.5821, pp.112-115, 2007.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1137045

G. Patronek, D. Waters, and L. Glickman, Comparative Longevity of Pet Dogs and Humans: Implications for Gerontology Research, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.52, issue.3, pp.171-178, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/gerona/52A.3.B171

R. Kauppinen-makelin, T. Sane, A. Reunanen, M. Valimaki, and L. Niskanen, A Nationwide Survey of Mortality in Acromegaly, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.90, issue.7, pp.4081-4086, 2005.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2004-1381

A. Raynaud-simon, S. Lafont, C. Berr, J. Dartigues, and E. Baulieu, Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Levels in the Elderly: Relation to Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels, Nutritional Status, Health and Mortality, Gerontology, vol.47, issue.4, pp.198-206, 2001.
DOI : 10.1159/000052799

M. Holzenberger, G. Hamard, R. Zaoui, P. Leneuve, and B. Ducos, Experimental IGF-I Receptor Deficiency Generates a Sexually Dimorphic Pattern of Organ-Specific Growth Deficits in Mice, Affecting Fat Tissue in Particular, Endocrinology, vol.142, issue.10, pp.4469-4478, 2001.
DOI : 10.1210/endo.142.10.8461

C. Desbois-mouthon, D. Wendum, A. Cadoret, C. Rey, and P. Leneuve, Hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration is impaired in mice with liver-specific IGF-1R knockout, The FASEB Journal, vol.20, pp.773-775, 2006.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.05-4704fje

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00091815

F. Tronche, C. Kellendonk, O. Kretz, P. Gass, and K. Anlag, Disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in the nervous system results in reduced anxiety, Nature Genetics, vol.23, issue.1, pp.99-103, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/12703

J. Dupont, M. Karas, and D. Leroith, The Potentiation of Estrogen on Insulin-like Growth Factor I Action in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells Includes Cell Cycle Components, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.275, issue.46, pp.35893-35901, 2000.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M006741200

G. Alonso, A. Sanchez-hormigo, C. Loudes, E. Yandouzi, T. Carmignac et al., Selective alteration at the growth-hormone- releasing-hormone nerve terminals during aging in GHRH-green fluorescent protein mice, Aging Cell, vol.47, issue.2, pp.197-207, 2007.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2004-0430