D. Small, D. Gitelman, K. Simmons, S. Bloise, and T. Parrish, Monetary Incentives Enhance Processing in Brain Regions Mediating Top-down Control of Attention, Cerebral Cortex, vol.15, issue.12, pp.1855-1865, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/bhi063

F. Kouneiher, S. Charron, and E. Koechlin, Motivation and cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex, Nature Neuroscience, vol.19, issue.7, pp.939-945, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.07.041

D. Krawczyk, A. Gazzaley, D. Esposito, and M. , Reward modulation of prefrontal and visual association cortex during an incentive working memory task, Brain Research, vol.1141, pp.168-177, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.01.052

J. Pochon, R. Levy, P. Fossati, S. Lehericy, and J. Poline, The neural system that bridges reward and cognition in humans: An fMRI study, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.99, issue.8, pp.5669-5674, 2002.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.082111099

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00349710

H. Locke and T. Braver, Motivational influences on cognitive control: Behavior, brain activation, and individual differences, Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, vol.8, issue.1, pp.99-112, 2008.
DOI : 10.3758/CABN.8.1.99

M. Spraker, H. Yu, D. Corcos, and D. Vaillancourt, Role of Individual Basal Ganglia Nuclei in Force Amplitude Generation, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.98, issue.2, pp.821-834, 2007.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00239.2007

B. Pleger, F. Blankenburg, C. Ruff, J. Driver, and R. Dolan, 15. Reward facilitates tactile judgments and modulates hemodynamic responses in human primary somatosensory cortex, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.120, issue.1, pp.8161-8168, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clinph.2008.07.017

B. Keisker, M. Hepp-reymond, A. Blickenstorfer, M. Meyer, and S. Kollias, Differential force scaling of fine-graded power grip force in the sensorimotor network, Human Brain Mapping, vol.27, issue.part 8, pp.2453-2465, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/hbm.20676

M. Pessiglione, L. Schmidt, B. Draganski, R. Kalisch, and H. Lau, How the Brain Translates Money into Force: A Neuroimaging Study of Subliminal Motivation, Science, vol.316, issue.5826, pp.904-906, 2007.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1140459

P. Talelli, A. Ewas, W. Waddingham, J. Rothwell, and N. Ward, Neural correlates of age-related changes in cortical neurophysiology, NeuroImage, vol.40, issue.4, pp.1772-1781, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.01.039

N. Daw and K. Doya, The computational neurobiology of learning and reward, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, vol.16, issue.2, pp.199-204, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.conb.2006.03.006

A. Rangel, C. Camerer, and P. Montague, A framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision making, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.10, issue.7, pp.545-556, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nrn2357

B. Knutson and J. Cooper, Functional magnetic resonance imaging of reward prediction, Current Opinion in Neurology, vol.18, issue.4, pp.411-417, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.wco.0000173463.24758.f6

O. Doherty, J. Hampton, A. Kim, and H. , Model-Based fMRI and Its Application to Reward Learning and Decision Making, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.22, issue.1, pp.35-53, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.conb.2006.03.006

S. Mcclure, M. York, and P. Montague, The Neural Substrates of Reward Processing in Humans: The Modern Role of fMRI, The Neuroscientist, vol.9, issue.3, pp.260-268, 2004.
DOI : 10.1177/1073858404263526

M. Rushworth and T. Behrens, Choice, uncertainty and value in prefrontal and cingulate cortex, Nature Neuroscience, vol.9, issue.4, pp.389-397, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nn2066

G. Alexander, M. Delong, and P. Strick, Parallel Organization of Functionally Segregated Circuits Linking Basal Ganglia and Cortex, Annual Review of Neuroscience, vol.9, issue.1, pp.357-381, 1986.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041

R. Brown and G. Pluck, Negative symptoms: the ???pathology??? of motivation and goal-directed behaviour, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.23, issue.9, pp.412-417, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-2236(00)01626-X

S. Haber, The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks, Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, vol.26, issue.4, pp.317-330, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2003.10.003

S. Lehericy, M. Ducros, P. Van-de-moortele, C. Francois, and L. Thivard, Diffusion tensor fiber tracking shows distinct corticostriatal circuits in humans, Annals of Neurology, vol.30, issue.4, pp.522-529, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.20030

L. Schmidt, M. Clery-melin, G. Lafargue, R. Valabregue, and P. Fossati, Get Aroused and Be Stronger: Emotional Facilitation of Physical Effort in the Human Brain, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.30, pp.9450-9457, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1951-09.2009

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00805446

L. Kaufmann, F. Koppelstaetter, M. Delazer, C. Siedentopf, and P. Rhomberg, Neural correlates of distance and congruity effects in a numerical Stroop task: an event-related fMRI study, NeuroImage, vol.25, issue.3, pp.888-898, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.12.041

X. Liu, H. Wang, C. Corbly, J. Zhang, and J. Joseph, The Involvement of the Inferior Parietal Cortex in the Numerical Stroop Effect and the Distance Effect in a Two-digit Number Comparison Task, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol.24, issue.9, pp.1518-1530, 2006.
DOI : 10.1080/02724980443000340

J. Tang, H. Critchley, D. Glaser, R. Dolan, and B. Butterworth, Imaging Informational Conflict: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Numerical Stroop, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol.1, issue.12, pp.2049-2062, 2006.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.2000.0665

B. Knutson, C. Adams, G. Fong, and D. Hommer, Anticipation of increasing monetary reward selectively recruits nucleus accumbens, J Neurosci, vol.21, p.159, 2001.

O. Doherty, J. Dayan, P. Schultz, J. Deichmann, R. Friston et al., Dissociable Roles of Ventral and Dorsal Striatum in Instrumental Conditioning, Science, vol.304, issue.5669, pp.452-454, 2004.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1094285

J. Yacubian, J. Glascher, K. Schroeder, T. Sommer, and D. Braus, Dissociable Systems for Gain- and Loss-Related Value Predictions and Errors of Prediction in the Human Brain, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.26, issue.37, pp.9530-9537, 2006.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2915-06.2006

M. Pessiglione, B. Seymour, G. Flandin, R. Dolan, and C. Frith, Dopamine-dependent prediction errors underpin reward-seeking behaviour in humans, Nature, vol.113, issue.7106, pp.1042-1045, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/1531-8257(200009)15:5<869::AID-MDS1016>3.0.CO;2-I

R. Elliott, K. Friston, and R. Dolan, Dissociable neural responses in human reward systems, J Neurosci, vol.20, pp.6159-6165, 2000.

J. Gan, M. Walton, and P. Phillips, Dissociable cost and benefit encoding of future rewards by mesolimbic dopamine, Nature Neuroscience, vol.7, issue.1, pp.25-27, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nn.2460

P. Phillips, M. Walton, and T. Jhou, Calculating utility: preclinical evidence for cost???benefit analysis by mesolimbic dopamine, Psychopharmacology, vol.494, issue.3, pp.483-495, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00213-006-0626-6

M. Walton, S. Kennerley, D. Bannerman, P. Phillips, and M. Rushworth, Weighing up the benefits of work: Behavioral and neural analyses of effort-related decision making, Neural Networks, vol.19, issue.8, pp.1302-1314, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.005

M. Botvinick, S. Huffstetler, and J. Mcguire, Effort discounting in human nucleus accumbens, Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, vol.9, issue.1, pp.16-27, 2009.
DOI : 10.3758/CABN.9.1.16

P. Croxson, M. Walton, O. Reilly, J. Behrens, T. Rushworth et al., Effort-Based Cost-Benefit Valuation and the Human Brain, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.14, pp.4531-4541, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4515-08.2009

J. Brehm and E. Self, The Intensity of Motivation, Annual Review of Psychology, vol.40, issue.1, pp.109-131, 1989.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ps.40.020189.000545

J. Yelnik, Functional anatomy of the basal ganglia, Movement Disorders, vol.12, issue.S3, pp.15-21, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/mds.10138

S. Palminteri, T. Boraud, G. Lafargue, B. Dubois, and M. Pessiglione, Brain Hemispheres Selectively Track the Expected Value of Contralateral Options, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.43, pp.13465-13472, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1500-09.2009

M. Lebreton, J. S. Michel, V. Thirion, B. Pessiglione, and M. , An Automatic Valuation System in the Human Brain: Evidence from Functional Neuroimaging, Neuron, vol.64, issue.3, pp.431-439, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.09.040

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00504100

T. Hare, C. Camerer, and A. Rangel, Self-Control in Decision-Making Involves Modulation of the vmPFC Valuation System, Science, vol.324, issue.5927, pp.646-648, 2009.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1168450

H. Plassmann, O. Doherty, J. Rangel, and A. , Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Willingness to Pay in Everyday Economic Transactions, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.37, pp.9984-9988, 2007.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2131-07.2007

A. Hampton, P. Bossaerts, O. Doherty, and J. , The Role of the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Abstract State-Based Inference during Decision Making in Humans, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.26, issue.32, pp.8360-8367, 2006.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1010-06.2006

G. Mogenson, D. Jones, and C. Yim, From motivation to action: Functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.14, issue.2-3, pp.69-97, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0301-0082(80)90018-0

P. Apicella, T. Ljungberg, E. Scarnati, and W. Schultz, Responses to reward in monkey dorsal and ventral striatum, Experimental Brain Research, vol.85, issue.3, pp.491-500, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00231732

H. Cromwell and W. Schultz, Effects of Expectations for Different Reward Magnitudes on Neuronal Activity in Primate Striatum, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.89, issue.5, pp.2823-2838, 2003.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.01014.2002

J. Lauwereyns, K. Watanabe, B. Coe, and O. Hikosaka, A neural correlate of response bias in monkey caudate nucleus, Nature, vol.22, issue.6896, pp.413-417, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/37975

K. Samejima, Y. Ueda, K. Doya, and M. Kimura, Representation of Action-Specific Reward Values in the Striatum, Science, vol.310, issue.5752, pp.1337-1340, 2005.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1115270

B. Pasquereau, A. Nadjar, D. Arkadir, E. Bezard, and M. Goillandeau, Shaping of Motor Responses by Incentive Values through the Basal Ganglia, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.5, pp.1176-1183, 2007.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3745-06.2007

B. Draganski, F. Kherif, S. Kloppel, P. Cook, and D. Alexander, Evidence for Segregated and Integrative Connectivity Patterns in the Human Basal Ganglia, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.28, issue.28, pp.7143-7152, 2008.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1486-08.2008

D. Grabli, K. Mccairn, E. Hirsch, Y. Agid, and J. Feger, Behavioural disorders induced by external globus pallidus dysfunction in primates: I. Behavioural study, Brain, vol.127, issue.9, pp.2039-2054, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awh220

Y. Worbe, N. Baup, D. Grabli, M. Chaigneau, and S. Mounayar, Behavioral and Movement Disorders Induced by Local Inhibitory Dysfunction in Primate Striatum, Cerebral Cortex, vol.19, issue.8, pp.1844-1856, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/bhn214

M. Baron, T. Wichmann, D. Ma, and M. Delong, Effects of transient focal inactivation of the basal ganglia in parkinsonian primates, J Neurosci, vol.22, pp.592-599, 2002.

L. Mallet, M. Schupbach, K. N9diaye, R. P. Bardinet, and E. , Stimulation of subterritories of the subthalamic nucleus reveals its role in the integration of the emotional and motor aspects of behavior, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.104, issue.25, pp.10661-10666, 2007.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0610849104

K. Friston, Causal Modelling and Brain Connectivity in Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, PLoS Biology, vol.43, issue.2, 2009.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000033.t001

D. Laplane and B. Dubois, Auto-Activation deficit: A basal ganglia related syndrome, Movement Disorders, vol.6, issue.5, pp.810-814, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/mds.1185

L. Schmidt, B. Arc, G. Lafargue, D. Galanaud, and V. Czernecki, Disconnecting force from money: effects of basal ganglia damage on incentive motivation, Brain, vol.131, issue.5, pp.1303-1310, 2008.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/awn045

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00333398

S. Gershman, B. Pesaran, and N. Daw, Human Reinforcement Learning Subdivides Structured Action Spaces by Learning Effector-Specific Values, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.43, pp.13524-13531, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2469-09.2009

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2796632

K. Wunderlich, A. Rangel, O. Doherty, and J. , Neural computations underlying action-based decision making in the human brain, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.106, issue.40, pp.17199-17204, 2009.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0901077106

R. Deichmann, J. Gottfried, C. Hutton, and R. Turner, Optimized EPI for fMRI studies of the orbitofrontal cortex, NeuroImage, vol.19, issue.2, pp.430-441, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00073-9

N. Weiskopf, C. Hutton, O. Josephs, and R. Deichmann, Optimal EPI parameters for reduction of susceptibility-induced BOLD sensitivity losses: A whole-brain analysis at 3??T and 1.5??T, NeuroImage, vol.33, issue.2, pp.493-504, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.029

D. Gitelman, W. Penny, J. Ashburner, and K. Friston, Modeling regional and psychophysiologic interactions in fMRI: the importance of hemodynamic deconvolution, NeuroImage, vol.19, issue.1, pp.200-207, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00058-2

K. Friston, C. Buechel, G. Fink, J. Morris, and E. Rolls, Psychophysiological and Modulatory Interactions in Neuroimaging, NeuroImage, vol.6, issue.3, pp.218-229, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/nimg.1997.0291

H. Den-ouden, J. Daunizeau, J. Roiser, K. Friston, and K. Stephan, Striatal Prediction Error Modulates Cortical Coupling, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.30, issue.9, pp.3210-3219, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4458-09.2010

K. Stephan, W. Penny, J. Daunizeau, R. Moran, and K. Friston, Bayesian model selection for group studies, NeuroImage, vol.46, issue.4, pp.1004-1017, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.025