W. Ariyoshi, T. Takahashi, T. Kanno, H. Ichimiya, K. Shinmyouzu et al., Heparin inhibits osteoclastic differentiation and function, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol.24, issue.6, pp.1707-1717, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/jcb.21559

W. Ariyoshi, T. Takahashi, T. Kanno, H. Ichimiya, H. Takano et al., Mechanisms Involved in Enhancement of Osteoclast Formation and Function by Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.280, issue.19, pp.18967-18972, 2005.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M412740200

L. A. Barbour, S. D. Kick, J. F. Steiner, M. E. Loverde, L. N. Heddleston et al., A prospective study of heparin-induced osteoporosis in pregnancy using bone densitometry, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.170, issue.3, pp.862-869, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9378(94)70299-3

M. Baud-'huin, F. Lamoureux, L. Duplomb, F. Redini, and D. Heymann, RANKL, RANK, osteoprotegerin: key partners of osteoimmunology and vascular diseases, Cell. Mol. Life Sci, vol.64, pp.2334-2350, 2007.

M. Bernfield, M. Gotte, P. W. Park, O. Reizes, M. L. Fitzgerald et al., Functions of Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans, Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol.68, issue.1, pp.729-777, 1999.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.729

D. M. Biskobing, X. Fan, and J. Rubin, Characterization of MCSF-induced proliferation and subsequent osteoclast formation in murine marrow culture, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol.134, issue.7, pp.1025-1032, 1995.
DOI : 10.1002/jbmr.5650100706

W. J. Boyle, W. S. Simonet, and D. L. Lacey, Osteoclast differentiation and activation, Nature, vol.34, issue.6937, pp.337-342, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s007740200049

A. Bruzzaniti and R. Baron, Molecular regulation of osteoclast activity, Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, vol.4, issue.6, pp.123-139, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s11154-006-9009-x

E. J. Chang, H. J. Kim, J. Ha, H. J. Kim, J. Ryu et al., Hyaluronan inhibits osteoclast differentiation via Toll-like receptor 4, Journal of Cell Science, vol.120, issue.1, pp.166-176, 2007.
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.03310

URL : http://jcs.biologists.org/cgi/content/short/jcs.03310v1

K. Chu, R. Snyder, M. J. Econs, and M. D. Facp, Disease Status in Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis Type 2 Is Determined by Osteoclastic Properties, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol.19, issue.S2, pp.1089-1097, 2006.
DOI : 10.1359/jbmr.060409

A. Corsi, T. Xu, X. D. Chen, A. Boyde, J. Liang et al., Phenotypic Effects of Biglycan Deficiency Are Linked to Collagen Fibril Abnormalities, Are Synergized by Decorin Deficiency, and Mimic Ehlers-Danlos-Like Changes in Bone and Other Connective Tissues, Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, vol.87, issue.Suppl V, pp.1180-1189, 2002.
DOI : 10.1359/jbmr.2002.17.7.1180

L. Duplomb, M. Baud-'huin, C. Charrier, M. Berreur, V. Trichet et al., Phosphorylation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3, Endocrinology, vol.149, issue.7, pp.3688-3697, 2008.
DOI : 10.1210/en.2007-1719

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00667501

R. Felix, M. G. Cecchini, and H. Fleisch, OSTEOPETROTIC MOUSE, Endocrinology, vol.127, issue.5, pp.2592-2594, 1990.
DOI : 10.1210/endo-127-5-2592

J. Folwarczna, L. Sliwinski, W. Janiec, and M. Pikul, Effects of standard heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins on the formation of murine osteoclasts in vitro, Pharmacol. Rep, vol.57, pp.635-645, 2005.

K. Fuller, T. J. Chambers, and A. C. Gallagher, Heparin augments osteoclast resorption-stimulating activity in serum, Journal of Cellular Physiology, vol.52, issue.2, pp.208-214, 1991.
DOI : 10.1002/jcp.1041470204

K. Fuller, B. Kirstein, and T. J. Chambers, Murine Osteoclast Formation and Function: Differential Regulation by Humoral Agents, Endocrinology, vol.147, issue.4, 1979.
DOI : 10.1210/en.2005-1340

J. T. Gallagher, Multiprotein signalling complexes: regional assembly on heparan sulphate, Biochemical Society Transactions, vol.34, issue.3, pp.34438-34479, 2006.
DOI : 10.1042/BST0340438

L. K. Hallak, D. Spillmann, P. L. Collins, and M. E. Peeples, Glycosaminoglycan Sulfation Requirements for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection, Journal of Virology, vol.74, issue.22, pp.10508-10513, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/JVI.74.22.10508-10513.2000

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC110925

A. Irie, M. Takami, H. Kubo, N. Sekino-suzuki, K. Kasahara et al., Heparin enhances osteoclastic bone resorption by inhibiting osteoprotegerin activity, Bone, vol.41, issue.2, pp.165-174, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bone.2007.04.190

F. Lamoureux, M. Baud-'huin, L. Duplomb, D. Heymann, and F. Redini, Proteoglycans: key partners in bone cell biology, BioEssays, vol.53, issue.8, pp.758-771, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/bies.20612

F. Lamoureux, G. Picarda, L. Garrigue-antar, M. Baud-'huin, V. Trichet et al., Glycosaminoglycans as Potential Regulators of Osteoprotegerin Therapeutic Activity in Osteosarcoma, Cancer Research, vol.69, issue.2, pp.526-536, 2009.
DOI : 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2648

Z. Li, Y. Yasuda, W. Li, M. Bogyo, N. Katz et al., Regulation of Collagenase Activities of Human Cathepsins by Glycosaminoglycans, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.279, issue.7, pp.5470-5479, 2004.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M310349200

M. Lyon, G. Rushton, J. A. Askari, M. J. Humphries, and J. Gallagher, Elucidation of the Structural Features of Heparan Sulfate Important for Interaction with the Hep-2 Domain of Fibronectin, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.275, issue.7, pp.4599-4606, 2000.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.275.7.4599

K. M. Mcdonnell and W. A. Grow, Reduced Glycosaminoglycan Sulfation Diminishes the Agrin Signal Transduction Pathway, Developmental Neuroscience, vol.26, issue.1, pp.1-10, 2004.
DOI : 10.1159/000080706

B. A. Mosheimer, N. C. Kaneider, C. Feistritzer, A. M. Djanani, D. H. Sturn et al., Syndecan-1 Is Involved in Osteoprotegerin-Induced Chemotaxis in Human Peripheral Blood Monocytes, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.90, issue.5, pp.2964-2971, 2005.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2004-1895

J. M. Muir, M. Andrew, J. Hirsh, J. I. Weitz, E. Young et al., Histomorphometric analysis of the effects of standard heparin on trabecular bone in vivo, Blood, vol.88, pp.1314-1320, 1996.

K. Nakano, Y. Okada, K. Saito, and Y. Tanaka, Induction of RANKL expression and osteoclast maturation by the binding of fibroblast growth factor 2 to heparan sulfate proteoglycan on rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.16, issue.8, pp.2450-2458, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/art.20367

R. Rajgopal, M. Bear, M. K. Butcher, and S. G. Shaughnessy, The effects of heparin and low molecular weight heparins on bone, Thrombosis Research, vol.122, issue.3, pp.293-298, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.thromres.2006.10.025

C. J. Robinson, N. J. Harmer, S. J. Goodger, T. L. Blundell, and J. T. Gallagher, Cooperative Dimerization of Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1) upon a Single Heparin Saccharide May Drive the Formation of 2:2:1 FGF1{middle dot}FGFR2c{middle dot}Heparin Ternary Complexes, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.280, issue.51, pp.42274-42282, 2005.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M505720200

A. V. Rousselle and D. Heymann, Osteoclastic acidification pathways during bone resorption, Bone, vol.30, issue.4, pp.533-540, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00672-5

F. Sallusto and A. Lanzavecchia, Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha, Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.179, issue.4, pp.1109-1118, 1994.
DOI : 10.1084/jem.179.4.1109

W. S. Simonet, D. L. Lacey, C. R. Dunstan, M. Kelley, M. S. Chang et al., Osteoprotegerin: A Novel Secreted Protein Involved in the Regulation of Bone Density, Cell, vol.89, issue.2, pp.309-319, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80209-3

T. Standal, C. Seidel, O. Hjertner, T. Plesner, R. D. Sanderson et al., Osteoprotegerin is bound, internalized, and degraded by multiple myeloma cells, Blood, vol.100, issue.8, pp.3002-3007, 2002.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2002-04-1190

S. Theoleyre, S. Kwan-tat, P. Vusio, F. Blanchard, J. Gallagher et al., Characterization of osteoprotegerin binding to glycosaminoglycans by surface plasmon resonance: Role in the interactions with receptor activator of nuclear factor ??B ligand (RANKL) and RANK, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.347, issue.2, pp.460-467, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.120

W. Wiktor-jedrzejczak, A. Bartocci, A. W. Ferrante, . Jr, A. Ahmed-ansari et al., Total absence of colony-stimulating factor 1 in the macrophage-deficient osteopetrotic (op/op) mouse., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.87, issue.12, pp.4828-4832, 1990.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4828

Y. Wittrant, S. Theoleyre, S. Couillaud, C. Dunstan, D. Heymann et al., Relevance of an in vitro osteoclastogenesis system to study receptor activator of NF-kB ligand and osteoprotegerin biological activities, Experimental Cell Research, vol.293, issue.2, pp.292-301, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.10.016

H. Yasuda, N. Shima, N. Nakagawa, S. I. Mochizuki, K. Yano et al., Identity of Osteoclastogenesis Inhibitory Factor (OCIF) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG): A Mechanism by which OPG/OCIF Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis in Vitro, Endocrinology, vol.139, issue.3, pp.1329-1337, 2004.
DOI : 10.1210/en.139.3.1329