Agricultural activity occurs within many medium size towns in developing countries. Rural influences and urbanization, which may be well or poorly managed, combine to create new health problems. A geographical approach is useful for evaluating the ability of the health care system to deal efficiently with these problems. Such an approach should take into account the urban environment and human population, health care and spatial differentiation factors. Relevant health indicators were selected to analyze the geographical patterns of health risk and of the health care system. These factors were analyzed according to area, at various levels. Field studies were carried out and aerial photographs and the various available maps were also studied. Results were compared to determine whether the health care system was appropriate for the health needs of the town. Urinary schistosomiasis is a useful example for assessing the value of the suggested methodology. The risk of transmission of this disease is high so its early detection is vital. The ability of the health care system to detect infection was assessed.