Mycobacterium genavense as a cause of subacute pneumonia in patients with severe cellular immunodeficiency.

Blandine Rammaert 1 Louis-Jean Couderc 2 Elisabeth Rivaud 2 Patrick Honderlick 3 David Zucman 4 Marie-France Mamzer 5 Pierre Cahen 3 Emmanuel Bille 6 Marc Lecuit 1, 7 Olivier Lortholary 1, 8 Emilie Catherinot 1, 2, *
* Auteur correspondant
1 Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker]
2 Service de pneumologie
3 Service de microbiologie
4 Service de médecine interne
5 Service de transplantation rénale
6 Service de microbiologie
7 Equipe avenir Microorganismes et Barrières de l'Hôte
8 Mycologie moléculaire
Abstract : ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium genavense is a rare nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Human infections are mostly disseminated in the setting of the AIDS epidemic or the use of aggressive immunosuppressive treatments. M. genavense culture is fastidious, requiring supplemented media. Pulmonary involvement rarely occurs as a primary localization. Cases presentation: We report here two patients with pneumonia as the predominant manifestation of M. genavense infection: one kidney transplanted patient and one HIV-infected patient. Both patients were initially treated with anti-tuberculous drugs before the identification of M. genavense on sputum or broncho-alveolar lavage fluid culture. A four-drug regimen including clarithromycin and rifabutin was started. Gamma interferon has been helpful in addition to antimycobacterial treatment for one patient. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware that M. genavense could be the etiologic agent of sub-acute pneumonia mimicking tuberculosis in patients with cellular immunodeficiency status.
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BMC Infectious Diseases, BioMed Central, 2011, 11 (1), pp.311. 〈10.1186/1471-2334-11-311〉
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Blandine Rammaert, Louis-Jean Couderc, Elisabeth Rivaud, Patrick Honderlick, David Zucman, et al.. Mycobacterium genavense as a cause of subacute pneumonia in patients with severe cellular immunodeficiency.. BMC Infectious Diseases, BioMed Central, 2011, 11 (1), pp.311. 〈10.1186/1471-2334-11-311〉. 〈inserm-00648986〉

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