A. Rzhaninova, S. Gornostaeva, and D. Goldshtein, Isolation and phenotypical characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from human fetal thymus, Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, vol.198, issue.2, pp.134-140, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10517-005-0231-4

S. Ivanovski, S. Gronthos, S. Shi, and P. Bartold, Stem cells in the periodontal ligament, Oral Diseases, vol.71, issue.4, pp.358-363, 2006.
DOI : 10.1902/jop.2005.76.7.1129

O. Lee, T. Kuo, W. Chen, K. Lee, S. Hsieh et al., Isolation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood, Blood, vol.103, issue.5, pp.1669-1675, 2004.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2003-05-1670

R. Sarugaser, D. Lickorish, D. Baksh, M. Hosseini, and J. Davies, Human Umbilical Cord Perivascular (HUCPV) Cells: A Source of Mesenchymal Progenitors, Stem Cells, vol.414, issue.31, pp.220-229, 2005.
DOI : 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0166

S. Janjanin, F. Djouad, R. Shanti, D. Baksh, K. Gollapudi et al., Human palatine tonsil: a new potential tissue source of multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells, Arthritis Research & Therapy, vol.10, issue.4, p.83, 2008.
DOI : 10.1186/ar2459

B. Yen, H. Huang, C. Chien, H. Jui, B. Ko et al., Isolation of Multipotent Cells from Human Term Placenta, Stem Cells, vol.265, issue.1, pp.3-9, 2005.
DOI : 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0098

D. James, A. Levine, D. Besser, and . Hemmati-brivanlou, TGF??/activin/nodal signaling is necessary for the maintenance of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells, Development, vol.132, issue.6, pp.1273-1282, 2005.
DOI : 10.1242/dev.01706

L. Xiao, X. Yuan, and S. Sharkis, Activin A Maintains Self-Renewal and Regulates Fibroblast Growth Factor, Wnt, and Bone Morphogenic Protein Pathways in Human Embryonic Stem Cells, STEM CELLS, vol.411, issue.6, pp.1476-1486, 2006.
DOI : 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0299

J. Yu and K. Dolter, Production of activin A and its roles in inflammation and hematopoiesis, Cytokines Cell Mol Ther, vol.3, pp.169-177, 1997.

S. Breit, K. Ashman, J. Wilting, J. Rossler, E. Hatzi et al., The N-myc oncogene in human neuroblastoma cells: down-regulation of an angiogenesis inhibitor identified as activin A, Cancer Res, vol.60, pp.4596-4601, 2000.

Y. Eto, T. Tsuji, M. Takezawa, S. Takano, Y. Yokogawa et al., Purification and characterization of Erythroid Differentiation Factor(EDF) isolated from human leukemia cell line THP-1, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.142, issue.3, pp.1095-1103, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-291X(87)91528-2

T. Nakamura, K. Takio, Y. Eto, H. Shibai, K. Titani et al., Activin-binding protein from rat ovary is follistatin, Science, vol.247, issue.4944, pp.836-838, 1990.
DOI : 10.1126/science.2106159

U. Michel, A. Albiston, and J. Findlay, Rat follistatin: Gonadal and extragonadal expression and evidence for alternative splicing, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.173, issue.1, pp.401-407, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81072-1

A. Yu, L. Shao, N. Frigon, J. Yu, and J. , Detection of Functional and Dimeric Activin A in Human Marrow Microenvironment, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.155, issue.1, pp.285-298, 1994.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb55727.x

L. Bonewald and G. Mundy, Role of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta in Bone Remodeling, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol.&NA;, issue.250, pp.261-276, 1990.
DOI : 10.1097/00003086-199001000-00036

H. Hirotani, M. Ohtsuka-isoya, S. Mori, R. Sakai, Y. Eto et al., Activin A Increases the Bone Mass of Grafted Bone in C3H/HeJ Mice, Calcified Tissue International, vol.70, issue.4, pp.330-338, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00223-001-2037-3

Y. Ogawa, D. Schmidt, R. Nathan, R. Armstrong, K. Miller et al., Bovine bone activin enhances bone morphogenetic protein-induced ectopic bone formation, J Biol Chem, vol.267, pp.14233-14237, 1992.

D. Gaddy-kurten, J. Coker, E. Abe, R. Jilka, and S. Manolagas, Inhibin Suppresses and Activin Stimulates Osteoblastogenesis and Osteoclastogenesis in Murine Bone Marrow Cultures, Endocrinology, vol.143, issue.1, pp.74-83, 2002.
DOI : 10.1210/endo.143.1.8580

M. Hashimoto, A. Shoda, S. Inoue, R. Yamada, T. Kondo et al., Functional regulation of osteoblastic cells by the interaction of activin-A with follistatin, J Biol Chem, vol.267, pp.4999-5004, 1992.

T. Ikenoue, S. Jingushi, K. Urabe, K. Okazaki, and Y. Iwamoto, Inhibitory effects of activin-a on osteoblast differentiation during cultures of fetal rat calvarial cells, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol.9, issue.2, pp.206-214, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19991101)75:2<206::AID-JCB3>3.0.CO;2-T

R. Sakai, K. Miwa, and Y. Eto, Local administration of activin promotes fracture healing in the rat fibula fracture model, Bone, vol.25, issue.2, pp.191-196, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S8756-3282(99)00152-0

N. Kawabata, N. Kamiya, N. Suzuki, M. Matsumoto, and M. Takagi, Changes in extracellular activin A:follistatin ratio during differentiation of a mesenchymal progenitor cell line, ROB-C26 into osteoblasts and adipocytes, Life Sciences, vol.81, issue.1, pp.8-18, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.04.011

S. Hirai, H. Matsumoto, N. Moriya, H. Kawachi, and H. Yano, Follistatin rescues the inhibitory effect of activin A on the differentiation of bovine preadipocyte, Domestic Animal Endocrinology, vol.33, issue.3, pp.269-280, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.domaniend.2006.06.001

T. Jiang, J. Yi, S. Ying, and C. Chuong, Activin Enhances Chondrogenesis of Limb Bud Cells: Stimulation of Precartilaginous Mesenchymal Condensations and Expression of NCAM, Developmental Biology, vol.155, issue.2, pp.545-557, 1993.
DOI : 10.1006/dbio.1993.1051

V. Roberts, P. Sawchenko, and W. Vale, Expression of Inhibin/Activin Subunit Messenger Ribonucleic Acids during Rat Embryogenesis*, Endocrinology, vol.128, issue.6, pp.3122-3129, 1991.
DOI : 10.1210/endo-128-6-3122

E. Caterson, L. Nesti, K. Danielson, and R. Tuan, Human Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells, Molecular Biotechnology, vol.20, issue.3, pp.245-256, 2002.
DOI : 10.1385/MB:20:3:245

L. Nesti, W. Jackson, R. Shanti, S. Koehler, A. Aragon et al., Differentiation Potential of Multipotent Progenitor Cells Derived from War-Traumatized Muscle Tissue, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume, vol.90, issue.11, pp.2390-2398, 2008.
DOI : 10.2106/JBJS.H.00049

W. Jackson, A. Aragon, F. Djouad, Y. Song, S. Koehler et al., Mesenchymal progenitor cells derived from traumatized human muscle, Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, vol.25, issue.31, pp.129-138, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/term.149

S. Gronthos, M. Mankani, J. Brahim, P. Robey, and S. Shi, Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and invivo, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.97, issue.25, pp.13625-13630, 2000.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.240309797

G. Huang, W. Sonoyama, J. Chen, and S. Park, In vitro characterization of human dental pulp cells: various isolation methods and culturing environments, Cell and Tissue Research, vol.37, issue.Suppl 2, pp.225-236, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00441-005-0117-9

A. Derfoul, A. Miyoshi, D. Freeman, R. Tuan, P. Anker et al., Glucosamine promotes chondrogenic phenotype in both chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells and inhibits MMP-13 expression and matrix degradation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, Nonexpanded primary lung and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells promote the engraftment of umbilical cord blood-derived CD34(+) cells in NOD/SCID mice, pp.646-655, 2007.

W. Fibbe, A. Nauta, and H. Roelofs, Modulation of Immune Responses by Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.177, issue.1, pp.272-278, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.07.037

F. Djouad, P. Plence, C. Bony, P. Tropel, F. Apparailly et al., Immunosuppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cells favors tumor growth in allogeneic animals, Blood, vol.102, issue.10, pp.3837-3844, 2003.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2003-04-1193

F. Djouad, L. Charbonnier, C. Bouffi, P. Louis-plence, C. Bony et al., Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit the Differentiation of Dendritic Cells Through an Interleukin-6-Dependent Mechanism, Stem Cells, vol.10, issue.8, pp.2025-2032, 2007.
DOI : 10.1634/stemcells.2006-0548

S. Masui, Y. Nakatake, Y. Toyooka, D. Shimosato, R. Yagi et al., Pluripotency governed by Sox2 via regulation of Oct3/4 expression in mouse embryonic stem cells, Nature Cell Biology, vol.12, issue.6, pp.625-635, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00083-0

H. Niwa, How is pluripotency determined and maintained? Development, pp.635-646, 2007.

S. Mccarthy and R. Bicknell, Inhibition of vascular endothelial cell growth by activin-A, J Biol Chem, vol.268, pp.23066-23071, 1993.

Y. Chen, H. Lui, S. Lin, J. Lee, and S. Ying, Regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and carcinogenesis by activin, Exp Biol Med, vol.227, pp.75-87, 2002.

F. Ota, A. Maeshima, S. Yamashita, H. Ikeuchi, Y. Kaneko et al., Activin A induces cell proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis & Rheumatism, vol.69, issue.9, pp.2442-2449, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/art.11249

E. Ohga, T. Matsuse, S. Teramoto, H. Katayama, T. Nagase et al., Effects of Activin A on Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Lung Fibroblasts, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.228, issue.2, pp.391-396, 1996.
DOI : 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1672

M. Eijken, S. Swagemakers, M. Koedam, C. Steenbergen, P. Derkx et al., The activin A-follistatin system: potent regulator of human extracellular matrix mineralization, The FASEB Journal, vol.21, issue.11, pp.2949-2960, 2007.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.07-8080com

B. Hall and T. Miyake, All for one and one for all: condensations and the initiation of skeletal development, BioEssays, vol.89, issue.2, pp.138-147, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(200002)22:2<138::AID-BIES5>3.0.CO;2-4

M. Furue, Y. Myoishi, Y. Fukui, T. Ariizumi, T. Okamoto et al., Nonlinear partial differential equations and applications: Activin A induces craniofacial cartilage from undifferentiated Xenopus ectoderm in vitro, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.99, issue.24, pp.15474-15479, 2002.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.242597399

S. Beyth, Z. Borovsky, D. Mevorach, M. Liebergall, Z. Gazit et al., Human mesenchymal stem cells alter antigen-presenting cell maturation and induce T-cell unresponsiveness, Blood, vol.105, issue.5, pp.2214-2219, 2005.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2004-07-2921

X. Jiang, Y. Zhang, B. Liu, S. Zhang, Y. Wu et al., Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit differentiation and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells, Blood, vol.105, issue.10, pp.4120-4126, 2005.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2004-02-0586

E. Yu, K. Dolter, L. Shao, and Y. J. , Suppression of IL-6 biological activities by activin A and implications for inflammatory arthropathies, Clinical and Experimental Immunology, vol.180, issue.1, pp.126-132, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2576

G. Hubner, M. Brauchle, M. Gregor, and S. Werner, Activin A: a novel player and inflammatory marker in inflammatory bowel disease?, Lab Invest, vol.77, pp.311-318, 1997.

M. Abe, Y. Shintani, Y. Eto, K. Harada, M. Kosaka et al., Potent induction of activin A secretion from monocytes and bone marrow stromal fibroblasts by cognate interaction with activated T cells, J Leukoc Biol, vol.72, pp.347-352, 2002.

N. Robson, D. Phillips, T. Mcalpine, A. Shin, S. Svobodova et al., Activin-A: a novel dendritic cell-derived cytokine that potently attenuates CD40 ligand-specific cytokine and chemokine production, Blood, vol.111, issue.5, pp.2733-2743, 2008.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2007-03-080994

S. Greco, K. Liu, and P. Rameshwar, Functional Similarities Among Genes Regulated by Oct4 in Human Mesenchymal and Embryonic Stem Cells, Stem Cells, vol.2, issue.12, pp.3143-3154, 2007.
DOI : 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0351

F. Djouad, 1186/scrt11 Cite this article as Activin A expression regulates multipotency of mesenchymal progenitor cells, Stem Cell Research & Therapy, vol.1, p.1011, 2010.