Lipogenesis describes the process of fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis. Lipogenesis mainly occurs in liver and fat tissue and is under the coordinated control of hormonal, nutritional and transcription factors. Several transcription factors have been identified as critical regulators that mediate the effect of hormones and nutrients on gene transcription. This includes the Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein-1c “SREBP-1c”, the CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha “C/EBPalpha”, the nuclear hormone receptors Liver X Receptors “LXRs”, the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma “PPARgamma”, the Estrogen Related Receptor alpha “ERRalpha”. The role of these transcription factors in these processes is reviewed and discussed. Although lipogenesis may appear as an attractive target for pharmacological treatment of obesity, recent insights into the metabolic consequences of non-adipose triglyceride storage has shifted attention to alternative targets.