S. Maggi, J. Langlois, and N. Minicuci, Sleep Complaints in Community-Dwelling Older Persons: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Reported Causes, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.12, issue.2, pp.161-168, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02533.x

M. Ohayon, J. Zulley, and C. Guilleminault, How Age and Daytime Activities Are Related to Insomnia in the General Population: Consequences for Older People, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.30, issue.Suppl. 2, pp.360-366, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49077.x

R. Stewart, A. Besset, and P. Bebbington, Insomnia comorbidity and impact and hypnotic use by age group in a national survey population aged 16 to 74 years, Sleep, vol.29, pp.1391-1397, 2006.

E. Lindberg, C. Janson, and T. Gislason, Sleep disturbances in a young adult population: can gender differences be explained by differences in psychological status, Sleep, vol.20, pp.381-387, 1997.

M. Piccinelli and G. Wilkinson, Gender differences in depression: Critical review, The British Journal of Psychiatry, vol.177, issue.6, pp.486-492, 2000.
DOI : 10.1192/bjp.177.6.486

D. Ford and D. Kamerow, Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.262, issue.11, pp.1479-1484, 1989.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.262.11.1479

R. Li, Y. Wing, and S. Ho, Gender differences in insomnia???a study in the Hong Kong Chinese population, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol.53, issue.1, pp.601-609, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00437-3

B. Zhang and Y. Wing, Sex differences in insomnia: a meta-analysis, Sleep, vol.29, pp.85-93, 2006.

L. Reyner and J. Horne, Gender-and age-related differences in sleep determined by home-recorded sleep logs and actimetry from 400 adults, Sleep, vol.18, pp.127-134, 1995.

D. Buysse, C. Reynolds, and T. Monk, Quantification of subjective sleep quality in healthy elderly men and women using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)

N. Fukuda, H. Honma, and M. Kohsaka, Gender difference of slow wave sleep in middle aged and elderly subjects, Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol.21, issue.2, pp.151-153, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-3956(74)90011-9

M. Ganguli, C. Reynolds, and J. Gilby, Prevalence and Persistence of Sleep Complaints in a Rural Older Community Sample: The MoVIES Project, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.2, issue.suppl, pp.778-784, 1996.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1996.tb03733.x

K. Hume, F. Van, and A. Watson, A field study of age and gender differences in habitual adult sleep, Journal of Sleep Research, vol.3, issue.2, pp.85-94, 1998.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2869.1998.00103.x

T. Monk, C. Reynolds, and M. Machen, Daily social rhythms in the elderly and their relation to objectively recorded sleep, Sleep, vol.15, pp.322-329, 1992.

S. Redline, H. Kirchner, and S. Quan, The Effects of Age, Sex, Ethnicity, and Sleep-Disordered Breathing on Sleep Architecture, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.164, issue.4, pp.406-418, 2004.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.164.4.406

T. Su, S. Huang, and P. Chou, Prevalence and Risk Factors of Insomnia in Community-Dwelling Chinese Elderly: A Taiwanese Urban Area Survey, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, vol.157, issue.9, pp.706-713, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01444.x

E. Van-cauter, R. Leproult, and L. Plat, Age-Related Changes in Slow Wave Sleep and REM Sleep and Relationship With Growth Hormone and Cortisol Levels in Healthy Men, JAMA, vol.284, issue.7
DOI : 10.1001/jama.284.7.861

. American-psychiatric-association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV), 1994.

L. Radloff, The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population, Applied Psychological Measurement, vol.1, issue.3, pp.385-401, 1977.
DOI : 10.1177/014662167700100306

A. Trichopoulou, T. Costacou, and C. Bamia, Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Survival in a Greek Population, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.348, issue.26, pp.2599-2608, 2003.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa025039

K. Reid, Z. Martinovich, and S. Finkel, Sleep: A Marker of Physical and Mental Health in the Elderly, The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol.14, issue.10, pp.860-866, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.JGP.0000206164.56404.ba

T. Gislason, H. Reynisdottir, and H. Kristbjarnarson, Sleep habits and sleep disturbances among the elderly-an epidemiological survey, Journal of Internal Medicine, vol.84, issue.1, pp.31-39, 1993.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00701.x

D. Blazer, J. Hays, and D. Foley, Sleep Complaints in Older Adults: A Racial Comparison, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.50, issue.5, pp.280-284, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/gerona/50A.5.M280

S. Babar, P. Enright, and P. Boyle, Sleep Disturbances and Their Correlates in Elderly Japanese American Men Residing in Hawaii, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.55, issue.7, pp.406-411, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/gerona/55.7.M406

C. Schubert, K. Cruickshanks, and D. Dalton, Prevalence of sleep problems and quality of life in an older population, Sleep, vol.25, pp.889-893, 2002.

F. Rocha, E. Uchoa, and H. Guerra, Prevalence of sleep complaints and associated factors in community-dwelling older people in Brazil: the Bambu???? Health and Ageing Study (BHAS), Sleep Medicine, vol.3, issue.3, pp.231-238, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1389-9457(01)00156-3

A. Vgontzas, M. Zoumakis, and E. Bixler, Young Adults Is Associated with Elevated Plasma Interleukin-6 and Cortisol Levels: Physiologic and Therapeutic Implications, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol.88, issue.5, pp.2087-2095, 2003.
DOI : 10.1210/jc.2002-021176

H. Gaudreau, J. Morettini, and H. Lavoie, Effects of a 25-h sleep deprivation on daytime sleep in the middle-aged, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.22, issue.3, pp.461-468, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0197-4580(00)00251-7

H. Landolt, D. Dijk, and P. Achermann, Effect of age on the sleep EEG: slow-wave activity and spindle frequency activity in young and middle-aged men, Brain Research, vol.738, issue.2, pp.205-212, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-8993(96)00770-6

J. Duffy, D. Dijk, and E. Klerman, Later endogenous circadian temperature nadir relative to an earlier wake time in older people, Am J Physiol, vol.275, pp.1478-1487, 1998.

D. Bliwise, . Editor, M. Kreiger, T. Roth, and W. Dement, Normal aging . Principles and pratice in sleep medicine, Philadelphia Elsevier Saunders, pp.24-38, 2005.

T. Young, E. Shahar, and F. Nieto, Predictors of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Community-Dwelling Adults<subtitle>The Sleep Heart Health Study</subtitle>, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.162, issue.8, pp.893-900, 2002.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.162.8.893

M. Rediehs, J. Reis, and N. Creason, Sleep in old age: focus on gender differences, Sleep, vol.13, pp.410-424, 1990.

H. Middelkoop, D. Smilde-van-den-doel, and A. Neven, Subjective Sleep Characteristics of 1,485 Males and Females Aged 50-93: Effects of Sex and Age, and Factors Related to Self-Evaluated Quality of Sleep, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.51, issue.3, pp.108-115, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/gerona/51A.3.M108

X. Liu and L. Liu, Sleep habits and insomnia in a sample of elderly persons in China, Sleep, vol.28, pp.1579-1587, 2005.

S. Quan, R. Katz, and J. Olson, Factors Associated with Incidence and Persistence of Symptoms of Disturbed Sleep in an Elderly Cohort: The Cardiovascular Health Study, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, vol.329, issue.4, pp.163-172, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/00000441-200504000-00001

S. Nolen-hoeksema, J. Larson, and C. Grayson, Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol.77, issue.5, pp.1061-1072, 1999.
DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1061

D. Thomsen, M. Mehlsen, and S. Christensen, Rumination???relationship with negative mood and sleep quality, Personality and Individual Differences, vol.34, issue.7, pp.1293-1301, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00120-4

C. Carney, J. Edinger, and B. Meyer, Symptom-Focused Rumination and Sleep Disturbance, Behavioral Sleep Medicine, vol.37, issue.4, pp.228-241, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0005-7967(99)00136-9

S. Nolen-hoeksema, L. Parker, and J. Larson, Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol.67, issue.1, pp.92-104, 1994.
DOI : 10.1037/0022-3514.67.1.92

D. Giles, H. Roffwarg, and M. Schlesser, Which endogenous depressive symptoms relate to REM latency reduction?, Biological Psychiatry, vol.21, issue.5-6, pp.473-482, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-3223(86)90189-7

M. Ancelin and K. Ritchie, Lifelong Endocrine Fluctuations and Related Cognitive Disorders, Current Pharmaceutical Design, vol.11, issue.32, pp.4229-4252, 2005.
DOI : 10.2174/138161205774913228

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00243083

J. Thomson and I. Oswald, Effect of oestrogen on the sleep, mood, and anxiety of menopausal women., BMJ, vol.2, issue.6098, pp.1317-1319, 1977.
DOI : 10.1136/bmj.2.6098.1317

M. Scharf, M. Mcdannold, and R. Stover, Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on rates of cyclic alternating patterns and hot-flush events during sleep in postmenopausal women: a pilot study, Clinical Therapeutics, vol.19, issue.2, pp.304-311, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0149-2918(97)80118-X

P. Polo-kantola, R. Erkkola, and H. Helenius, When does estrogen replacement therapy improve sleep quality?, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol.178, issue.5, pp.1002-1009, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9378(98)70539-3

K. Brower, Insomnia, alcoholism and relapse, Sleep Medicine Reviews, vol.7, issue.6, pp.523-539, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1087-0792(03)90005-0

T. Roehrs and T. Roth, Caffeine: Sleep and daytime sleepiness, Sleep Medicine Reviews, vol.12, issue.2, pp.153-162, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.004

D. Katz and C. Mchorney, Clinical Correlates of Insomnia in Patients With Chronic Illness, Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.158, issue.10, pp.1099-1107, 1998.
DOI : 10.1001/archinte.158.10.1099

V. Hoffstein, Snoring and upper airways resistance . 4 Philadelphia Elsevier Saunders, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/b0-72-160797-7/50090-2