M. Ichihashi, M. Ueda, A. Budiyanto, T. Bito, and M. Oka, UV-induced skin damage, Toxicology, vol.189, issue.1-2, pp.21-39, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00150-1

V. Thannickal and B. Fanburg, Reactive oxygen species in cell signaling, Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, vol.279, pp.1005-1033, 2000.

T. Finkel, Oxygen radicals and signaling, Current Opinion in Cell Biology, vol.10, issue.2, pp.248-53, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80147-6

J. Ravanat, T. Douki, and J. Cadet, Direct and indirect effects of UV radiation on DNA and its components, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, vol.63, issue.1-3, pp.88-102, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1011-1344(01)00206-8

L. Zeise, M. Chedekel, and T. Fitzpatrick, Melanin: Its role in human photoprotection, pp.1-320, 1995.

P. Hanawalt, Subpathways of nucleotide excision repair and their regulation, Oncogene, vol.21, issue.58, pp.8949-56, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.onc.1206096

D. Laat, A. Van-tilburg, M. Van-der-leun, J. , V. Vloten et al., Cell Cycle Kinetics Following UVA Irradiation in Comparison to UVB and UVC Irradiation, Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol.42, issue.4, pp.492-499, 1996.
DOI : 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12461366

G. Halliday and J. Lyons, Inflammatory Doses of UV May Not Be Necessary for Skin Carcinogenesis, Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol.159, issue.2, pp.272-83, 2008.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.13.11.1382

C. Nishigori, Y. Hattori, and S. Toyokuni, Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Skin Carcinogenesis, Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, vol.6, issue.3, pp.561-70, 2004.
DOI : 10.1089/152308604773934314

V. Muthusamy and T. Piva, The UV response of the skin: a review of the MAPK, NF??B and TNF?? signal transduction pathways, Archives of Dermatological Research, vol.15, issue.235, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s00403-009-0994-y

D. Bulavin, S. Saito, M. Hollander, K. Sakaguchi, and C. Anderson, Phosphorylation of human p53 by p38 kinase coordinates N-terminal phosphorylation and apoptosis in response to UV radiation, The EMBO Journal, vol.18, issue.23, pp.6845-54, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/18.23.6845

N. Chouinard, K. Valerie, M. Rouabhia, and J. Huot, UVB-mediated activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase enhances resistance of normal human keratinocytes to apoptosis by stabilizing cytoplasmic p53, Biochemical Journal, vol.365, issue.1, pp.133-178, 2002.
DOI : 10.1042/bj20020072

X. Chen, L. Ko, L. Jayaraman, and C. Prives, p53 levels, functional domains, and DNA damage determine the extent of the apoptotic response of tumor cells., Genes & Development, vol.10, issue.19, pp.2438-51, 1996.
DOI : 10.1101/gad.10.19.2438

L. Latonen and M. Laiho, Cellular UV damage responses???Functions of tumor suppressor p53, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, vol.1755, issue.2, pp.71-89, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.04.003

M. Papoutsaki, F. Moretti, M. Lanza, B. Marinari, and V. Sartorelli, A p38-dependent pathway regulates ??Np63 DNA binding to p53-dependent promoters in UV-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes, Oncogene, vol.7, issue.46, pp.6970-6975, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/19539

M. Galibert, S. Carreira, and C. Goding, The Usf-1 transcription factor is a novel target for the stress-responsive p38 kinase and mediates UV-induced Tyrosinase expression, The EMBO Journal, vol.20, issue.17, pp.5022-5053, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/emboj/20.17.5022

S. Corre, A. Primot, Y. Baron, L. Seyec, J. Goding et al., Target Gene Specificity of USF-1 Is Directed via p38-mediated Phosphorylation-dependent Acetylation, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.284, issue.28, pp.18851-62, 2009.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M808605200
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00404297

M. Scott, I. Suzuki, and Z. Malek, Regulation of the Human Melanocortin 1 Receptor Expression in Epidermal Melanocytes by Paracrine and Endocrine Factors and by Ultraviolet Radiation, Pigment Cell Research, vol.5, issue.6, pp.433-442, 2002.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.273.31.19560

S. Corre, A. Primot, E. Sviderskaya, D. Bennett, and S. Vaulont, UV-induced Expression of Key Component of the Tanning Process, the POMC and MC1R Genes, Is Dependent on the p-38-activated Upstream Stimulating Factor-1 (USF-1), Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.279, issue.49, pp.51226-51259, 2004.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M409768200
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01068401

S. Pillai, C. Oresajo, and J. Hayward, Ultraviolet radiation and skin aging: roles of reactive oxygen species, inflammation and protease activation, and strategies for prevention of inflammation-induced matrix degradation - a review, International Journal of Cosmetic Science, vol.69, issue.1, pp.17-34, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/jm970404a

C. Duval, N. Smit, K. Am, M. Regnier, S. Pavel et al., Keratinocytes Control the Pheo/Eumelanin Ratio in Cultured Normal Human Melanocytes, Pigment Cell Research, vol.8, issue.6, pp.440-446, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12486726

C. Duval, M. Regnier, and R. Schmidt, Distinct Melanogenic Response of Human Melanocytes in Mono-culture, in Co-Culture with Keratinocytes and in Reconstructed Epidermis, to UV Exposure, Pigment Cell Research, vol.14, issue.5, pp.348-55, 2001.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0749.2001.140506.x

M. Regnier, C. Duval, J. Galey, P. M. Lagrange, and A. , Keratinocyte-melanocyte co-cultures and pigmented reconstructed human epidermis: models to study modulation of melanogenesis, Cell Mol Biol, vol.45, pp.969-80, 1999.

J. Nordlund, The Melanocyte and the Epidermal Melanin Unit: An Expanded Concept, Dermatologic Clinics, vol.25, issue.3, pp.271-81, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.det.2007.04.001

T. Fitzpatrick, The Validity and Practicality of Sun-Reactive Skin Types I Through VI, Archives of Dermatology, vol.124, issue.6, pp.869-71, 1988.
DOI : 10.1001/archderm.1988.01670060015008

S. Corre, K. Mekideche, H. Adamski, J. Mosser, E. Watier et al., In Vivo and Ex Vivo UV-Induced Analysis of Pigmentation Gene Expressions, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol.126, issue.4, pp.916-924, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.jid.5700190
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01068394

C. Valery, J. Grob, and P. Verrando, Identification by cDNA Microarray Technology of Genes Modulated by Artificial Ultraviolet Radiation in Normal Human Melanocytes: Relation to Melanocarcinogenesis, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol.117, issue.6, pp.1471-82, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01607.x

M. Gentile, L. Latonen, and M. Laiho, Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis provoked by UV radiation-induced DNA damage are transcriptionally highly divergent responses, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.31, issue.16, pp.4779-90, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkg675
URL : http://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkg675

B. Mckay, L. Stubbert, C. Fowler, J. Smith, R. Cardamore et al., Regulation of ultraviolet light-induced gene expression by gene size, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.17, pp.6582-6588, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0308181101

C. Blanpain and E. Fuchs, Epidermal homeostasis: a balancing act of stem cells in the skin, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, vol.8, issue.3, pp.207-224, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/nrm2636

H. Steinbrenner, R. Mc, D. Stuhlmann, H. Sies, and P. Brenneisen, UVA-mediated downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in human epidermal keratinocytes, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.308, issue.3, pp.486-91, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-291X(03)01430-X

B. Skiba, B. Neill, and T. Piva, Gene expression profiles of TNF-alpha, TACE, furin, IL-1beta and matrilysin in UVA- and UVB-irradiated HaCat cells, Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, vol.12, issue.4, pp.173-82, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S1043-4666(03)00224-2

B. Howell, B. Wang, I. Freed, A. Mamelak, H. Watanabe et al., Microarray analysis of UVB-regulated genes in keratinocytes: downregulation of angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1, Journal of Dermatological Science, vol.34, issue.3, pp.185-94, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2004.01.004

C. Enk, I. Shahar, N. Amariglio, G. Rechavi, N. Kaminski et al., Gene expression profiling of in vivo UVB-irradiated human epidermis, Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, vol.15, issue.3, pp.129-166, 2004.
DOI : 10.1562/0031-8655(1999)070<0766:PPAEIT>2.3.CO;2

C. Enk, J. Jacob-hirsch, H. Gal, I. Verbovetski, and N. Amariglio, The UVB-induced gene expression profile of human epidermis in vivo is different from that of cultured keratinocytes, Oncogene, vol.14, issue.18, pp.2601-2615, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.onc.1209292

A. Sesto, M. Navarro, F. Burslem, and J. Jorcano, Analysis of the ultraviolet B response in primary human keratinocytes using oligonucleotide microarrays, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.99, issue.5, pp.2965-70, 2002.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.052678999

D. Li, T. Turi, A. Schuck, I. Freedberg, G. Khitrov et al., Rays and arrays: the transcriptional program in the response of human epidermal keratinocytes to UVB illumination, Faseb J, vol.15, pp.2533-2538, 2001.

K. Lee, J. Lee, E. Seo, W. Lee, and Y. Nam, Analysis of genes responding to ultraviolet B irradiation of HaCaT keratinocytes using a cDNA microarray, British Journal of Dermatology, vol.32, issue.1, pp.52-61, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06412.x

J. Dazard, H. Gal, N. Amariglio, G. Rechavi, E. Domany et al., Genome-wide comparison of human keratinocyte and squamous cell carcinoma responses to UVB irradiation: implications for skin and epithelial cancer, Oncogene, vol.22, issue.19, pp.2993-3006, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.onc.1206537

K. Ouwehand, S. Santegoets, D. Bruynzeel, R. Scheper, D. Gruijl et al., CXCL12 is essential for migration of activated Langerhans cells from epidermis to dermis, European Journal of Immunology, vol.170, issue.11, pp.3050-3059, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/eji.200838384

C. April and G. Barsh, Distinct Pigmentary and Melanocortin 1 Receptor???Dependent Components of Cutaneous Defense against Ultraviolet Radiation, PLoS Genetics, vol.59, issue.1, p.9, 2007.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030009.st007

M. Carballo, M. Conde, E. Bekay, R. Martin-nieto, J. et al., Oxidative Stress Triggers STAT3 Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Nuclear Translocation in Human Lymphocytes, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.274, issue.25, pp.17580-17586, 1999.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.274.25.17580

A. Pearse, S. Gaskell, and R. Marks, Epidermal Changes in Human Skin Following Irradiation With Either UVB or UVA, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol.88, issue.1, pp.83-90, 1987.
DOI : 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12465094

J. Takao, K. Ariizumi, D. Ii, P. Cruz, and J. , Genomic scale analysis of the human keratinocyte response to broad-band ultraviolet-B irradiation, Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, vol.18, issue.1, pp.5-13, 2002.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0781.2002.180102.x

W. El-deiry, T. Tokino, V. Velculescu, D. Levy, and R. Parsons, WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression, Cell, vol.75, issue.4, pp.817-842, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90500-P

H. Hermeking, C. Lengauer, K. Polyak, T. He, and L. Zhang, 14-3-3?? Is a p53-Regulated Inhibitor of G2/M Progression, Molecular Cell, vol.1, issue.1, pp.3-11, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80002-7

M. Smith, I. Chen, Q. Zhan, I. Bae, and C. Chen, Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Science, vol.266, issue.5189, pp.1376-80, 1994.
DOI : 10.1126/science.7973727

S. Waga, G. Hannon, D. Beach, and B. Stillman, The p21 inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases controls DNA replication by interaction with PCNA, Nature, vol.369, issue.6481, pp.574-582, 1994.
DOI : 10.1038/369574a0

E. Naik, E. Michalak, A. Villunger, J. Adams, and A. Strasser, Ultraviolet radiation triggers apoptosis of fibroblasts and skin keratinocytes mainly via the BH3-only protein Noxa, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.14, issue.4, pp.415-439, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/372773a0

M. Puhr, F. Santer, H. Neuwirt, M. Susani, and J. Nemeth, Down-regulation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 Causes Prostate Cancer Cell Death through Activation of the Extrinsic and Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathways, Cancer Research, vol.69, issue.18, pp.7375-84, 2009.
DOI : 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-0806

J. Oh, M. Hur, and C. Lee, SOCS1 protects protein tyrosine phosphatases by thioredoxin upregulation and attenuates Jaks to suppress ROS-mediated apoptosis, Oncogene, vol.171, issue.35, pp.3145-56, 2009.
DOI : 10.1084/jem.20031675

C. Ehlting, W. Lai, F. Schaper, E. Brenndorfer, and R. Matthes, Regulation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOCS3) mRNA Stability by TNF-?? Involves Activation of the MKK6/p38MAPK/MK2 Cascade, The Journal of Immunology, vol.178, issue.5, pp.2813-2839, 2007.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.2813

S. Pastore, F. Mascia, V. Mariani, and G. Girolomoni, The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor System in Skin Repair and Inflammation, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol.128, issue.6, pp.1365-74, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.jid.5701184

G. Yang, G. Zhang, M. Pittelkow, M. Ramoni, and H. Tsao, Expression Profiling of UVB Response in Melanocytes Identifies a Set of p53-Target Genes, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol.126, issue.11, pp.2490-506, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.jid.5700470

M. Pfaffl, A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR, Nucleic Acids Research, vol.29, issue.9, p.45, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/29.9.e45