F. Ashcroft, Ion channels and disease, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.0404

U. Aslanova, T. Morimoto, E. Farajov, N. Kumagai, M. Nishino et al., Chloride-Dependent Intracellular pH Regulation via Extracellular Calcium-Sensing Receptor in the Medullary Thick Ascending Limb of the Mouse Kidney, The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.210, issue.4, pp.291-300, 2006.
DOI : 10.1620/tjem.210.291

D. Billups and D. Attwell, Control of intracellular chloride concentration and GABA response polarity in rat retinal ON bipolar cells, The Journal of Physiology, vol.88, issue.1, pp.183-98, 2002.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.024877

J. Biwersi and A. Verkman, Cell-permeable fluorescent indicator for cytosolic chloride, Biochemistry, vol.30, issue.32, pp.7879-83, 1991.
DOI : 10.1021/bi00246a001

J. Bormann, O. Hamill, and B. Sakmann, Mechanism of anion permeation through channels gated by glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in mouse cultured spinal neurones., The Journal of Physiology, vol.385, issue.1, pp.243-86, 1987.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1987.sp016493

M. Chesler, Regulation and Modulation of pH in the Brain, Physiological Reviews, vol.83, issue.4, pp.1183-221, 2003.
DOI : 10.1152/physrev.00010.2003

N. Chub, G. Mentis, and M. O-'donovan, Chloride-Sensitive MEQ Fluorescence in Chick Embryo Motoneurons Following Manipulations of Chloride and During Spontaneous Network Activity, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.95, issue.1, pp.323-353, 2006.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00162.2005

J. Deitmer and C. Rose, pH regulation and proton signalling by glial cells, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.48, issue.2, pp.73-103, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0301-0082(95)00039-9

E. Delpire, Cation-chloride cotransporters in neuronal communication, News Physiol Sci, vol.15, pp.309-321, 2000.

N. Demaurex and M. Frieden, Measurements of the free luminal ER Ca2+ concentration with targeted ???cameleon??? fluorescent proteins, Cell Calcium, vol.34, issue.2, pp.109-128, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0143-4160(03)00081-2

M. Djamgoz and P. Laming, Micro-electrode measurements and functional aspects of chloride activity in cyprinid fish retina: Extracellular activity and intracellular activities of L- and C-type horizontal cells, Vision Research, vol.27, issue.9, pp.1481-1490, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0042-6989(87)90157-X

J. Duebel, S. Haverkamp, W. Schleich, G. Feng, G. Augustine et al., Two-Photon Imaging Reveals Somatodendritic Chloride Gradient in Retinal ON-Type Bipolar Cells Expressing the Biosensor Clomeleon, Neuron, vol.49, issue.1, pp.81-94, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.10.035

S. Fucile, D. Saint-jan, D. De-carvalho, L. Bregestovski, and P. , Fast Potentiation of Glycine Receptor Channels by Intracellular Calcium in Neurons and Transfected Cells, Neuron, vol.28, issue.2, pp.571-83, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00134-3

L. Galietta, P. Haggie, and A. Verkman, Green fluorescent protein-based halide indicators with improved chloride and iodide affinities, FEBS Letters, vol.27, issue.3, pp.220-224, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02561-3

L. Galietta, S. Jayaraman, and A. Verkman, Cell-based assay for high-throughput quantitative screening of CFTR chloride transport agonists, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, vol.281, pp.1734-1776, 2001.

C. Gandhi, E. Loots, and E. Isacoff, Reconstructing Voltage Sensor???Pore Interaction from a Fluorescence Scan of a Voltage-Gated K+ Channel, Neuron, vol.27, issue.3, pp.585-95, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00068-4

P. Gorostiza, M. Volgraf, R. Numano, S. Szobota, D. Trauner et al., Mechanisms of photoswitch conjugation and light activation of an ionotropic glutamate receptor, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.104, issue.26, pp.10865-70, 2007.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0701274104

O. Hamill, J. Bormann, and B. Sakmann, Activation of multiple-conductance state chloride channels in spinal neurones by glycine and GABA, Nature, vol.258, issue.5937, pp.805-813, 1983.
DOI : 10.1038/305805a0

S. Haverkamp, H. Wassle, J. Duebel, T. Kuner, G. Augustine et al., The Primordial, Blue-Cone Color System of the Mouse Retina, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.22, pp.5438-5483, 2005.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1117-05.2005

J. Inglefield and R. Schwartz-bloom, Confocal imaging of intracellular chloride in living brain slices: measurement of GABAA receptor activity, Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol.75, issue.2, pp.127-162, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-0270(97)00054-X

A. Ivanov, C. Pellegrino, S. Rama, I. Dumalska, Y. Salyha et al., Opposing role of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors in regulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) activity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, The Journal of Physiology, vol.25, issue.3, pp.789-98, 2006.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.105510

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00484320

S. Jayaraman, J. Biwersi, and A. Verkman, Synthesis and characterization of dualwavelength Cl-sensitive fluorescent indicators for ratio imaging, Am J Physiol, vol.276, pp.747-57, 1999.

S. Jayaraman, P. Haggie, R. Wachter, S. Remington, and A. Verkman, Mechanism and Cellular Applications of a Green Fluorescent Protein-based Halide Sensor, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.275, issue.9, pp.6047-50, 2000.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.275.9.6047

I. Khalilov, G. Holmes, and Y. Ben-ari, In vitro formation of a secondary epileptogenic mirror focus by interhippocampal propagation of seizures, Nature Neuroscience, vol.6, issue.10, pp.1079-85, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nn1125

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00484787

M. Kneen, J. Farinas, Y. Li, and A. Verkman, Green Fluorescent Protein as a Noninvasive Intracellular pH Indicator, Biophysical Journal, vol.74, issue.3, pp.1591-1600, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77870-1

R. Krapf, C. Berry, and A. Verkman, Estimation of intracellular chloride activity in isolated perfused rabbit proximal convoluted tubules using a fluorescent indicator, Biophysical Journal, vol.53, issue.6, pp.955-62, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(88)83176-X

W. Kruger, D. Gilbert, R. Hawthorne, D. Hryciw, S. Frings et al., A yellow fluorescent protein-based assay for high-throughput screening of glycine and GABAA receptor chloride channels, Neuroscience Letters, vol.380, issue.3, pp.340-345, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.01.065

T. Kuner and G. Augustine, A Genetically Encoded Ratiometric Indicator for Chloride, Neuron, vol.27, issue.3, pp.447-59, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00056-8

H. Lerche, Y. Weber, K. Jurkat-rott, and F. Lehmann-horn, Ion Channel Defects in Idiopathic Epilepsies, Current Pharmaceutical Design, vol.11, issue.21, pp.2737-52, 2005.
DOI : 10.2174/1381612054546815

J. Llopis, J. Mccaffery, A. Miyawaki, M. Farquhar, and R. Tsien, Measurement of cytosolic, mitochondrial, and Golgi pH in single living cells with green fluorescent proteins, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.95, issue.12, pp.6803-6811, 1998.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.95.12.6803

M. Mansoura, J. Biwersi, M. Ashlock, and A. Verkman, Fluorescent Chloride Indicators to Assess the Efficacy of CFTR cDNA Delivery, Human Gene Therapy, vol.10, issue.6, pp.861-75, 1999.
DOI : 10.1089/10430349950018274

N. Marandi, A. Konnerth, and O. Garaschuk, Two-photon chloride imaging in neurons of brain slices, Pfl???gers Archiv European Journal of Physiology, vol.445, issue.3, pp.357-65, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00424-002-0933-7

T. Matsuda and C. Cepko, Electroporation and RNA interference in the rodent retina in vivo and in vitro, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.1, pp.16-22, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.2235688100

F. Metzger, V. Repunte-canonigo, S. Matsushita, W. Akemann, J. Garcia et al., sensing yellow-fluorescent protein under the control of a potassium channel promoter, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.259, issue.Suppl., pp.40-50, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3905

A. Miyawaki, Fluorescence imaging of physiological activity in complex systems using GFP-based probes, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, vol.13, issue.5, pp.591-597, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.conb.2003.09.005

C. Muanprasat, S. Kaewmokul, and V. Chatsudthipong, Identification of New Small Molecule Inhibitors of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Protein: In Vitro and in Vivo Studies, Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol.30, issue.3, pp.502-509, 2007.
DOI : 10.1248/bpb.30.502

V. Myers and D. Haydon, Ion transfer across lipid membranes in the presence of gramicidin A, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, vol.274, issue.2, pp.313-335, 1972.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-2736(72)90179-4

T. Nakamura, H. Kaneko, and N. Nishida, Direct measurement of the chloride concentration in newt olfactory receptors with the fluorescent probe, Neuroscience Letters, vol.237, issue.1, pp.5-8, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00794-5

T. Neild and R. Thomas, Intracellular chloride activity and the effects of acetylcholine in snail neurones, The Journal of Physiology, vol.242, issue.2, pp.453-70, 1974.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010717

T. Ozawa, Y. Saito, and A. Nishiyama, Mechanism of uphill chloride transport of the mouse lacrimal acinar cells: Studies with Cl???-sensitive microelectrode, Pfl??gers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, vol.94, issue.5, pp.509-524, 1988.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00582540

R. Painter and G. Wang, Direct Measurement of Free Chloride Concentrations in the Phagolysosomes of Human Neutrophils, Analytical Chemistry, vol.78, issue.9, pp.3133-3140, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/ac0521706

H. Pasantes-morales, R. Lezama, G. Ramos-mandujano, and K. Tuz, Mechanisms of Cell Volume Regulation in Hypo-osmolality, The American Journal of Medicine, vol.119, issue.7, pp.4-11, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.002

N. Pedemonte, T. Diena, E. Caci, E. Nieddu, M. Mazzei et al., Antihypertensive 1,4-dihydropyridines as correctors of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator channel gating defect caused by cystic fibrosis mutations, Mol Pharmacol, vol.68, pp.1736-1782, 2005.

K. Rhoden, S. Cianchetta, V. Stivani, C. Portulano, L. Galietta et al., Cell-based imaging of sodium iodide symporter activity with the yellow fluorescent protein variant YFP-H148Q/I152L, AJP: Cell Physiology, vol.292, issue.2, pp.814-837, 2007.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpcell.00291.2006

J. Rohrbough and N. Spitzer, Regulation of intracellular Cl-levels by Na(+)dependent Cl-cotransport distinguishes depolarizing from hyperpolarizing GABAA receptor-mediated responses in spinal neurons, J Neurosci, vol.16, pp.82-91, 1996.

J. Russell, Sodium?potassium?chloride cotransport, Physiol Rev, vol.80, pp.211-76, 2000.

H. Satoh, M. Kaneda, and A. Kaneko, Intracellular chloride concentration is higher in rod bipolar cells than in cone bipolar cells of the mouse retina, Neuroscience Letters, vol.310, issue.2-3, pp.161-165, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)02120-6

R. Schwartz and X. Yu, Optical imaging of intracellular chloride in living brain slices, Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol.62, issue.1-2, pp.185-92, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-0270(95)00075-5

M. Siegel and E. Isacoff, A Genetically Encoded Optical Probe of Membrane Voltage, Neuron, vol.19, issue.4, pp.735-776, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80955-1

J. Slemmer, S. Matsushita, D. Zeeuw, C. Weber, J. Knopfel et al., Glutamate-induced elevations in intracellular chloride concentration in hippocampal cell cultures derived from EYFP-expressing mice, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.115, issue.11, pp.2915-2937, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/nrm976

M. Suzuki, T. Morita, and T. Iwamoto, Diversity of Cl??? Channels, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, vol.464, issue.1, pp.12-24, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00018-005-5336-4

W. Thoreson and E. Bryson, Chloride equilibrium potential in salamander cones, BMC Neuroscience, vol.5, issue.1, p.53, 2004.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2202-5-53

W. Thoreson, S. Jr, S. Bryson, E. Clements, J. Witkovsky et al., D2-like dopamine receptors promote interactions between calcium and chloride channels that diminish rod synaptic transfer in the salamander retina, Visual Neuroscience, vol.19, issue.03, pp.235-282, 2002.
DOI : 10.1017/S0952523802192017

S. Trapp, M. Luckermann, P. Brooks, and K. Ballanyi, Acidosis of rat dorsal vagal neurons in situ during spontaneous and evoked activity., The Journal of Physiology, vol.496, issue.3, pp.695-710, 1996.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021720

R. Tyzio, R. Cossart, I. Khalilov, M. Minlebaev, C. Hubner et al., Maternal Oxytocin Triggers a Transient Inhibitory Switch in GABA Signaling in the Fetal Brain During Delivery, Science, vol.314, issue.5806, pp.1788-92, 2006.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1133212

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00483930

N. Vardi, L. Zhang, J. Payne, and P. Sterling, Evidence that different cation chloride cotransporters in retinal neurons allow opposite responses to GABA, J Neurosci, vol.20, pp.7657-63, 2000.

A. Verkman, Development and biological applications of chloride-sensitive fluorescent indicators, Am J Physiol, vol.259, pp.375-88, 1990.

R. Wachter and R. Sj, Sensitivity of the yellow variant of green fluorescent protein to halides and nitrate, Current Biology, vol.9, issue.17, pp.628-637, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80408-4

R. Wachter, D. Yarbrough, K. Kallio, and S. Remington, Crystallographic and energetic analysis of binding of selected anions to the yellow variants of green fluorescent protein, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.301, issue.1, pp.157-71, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/jmbi.2000.3905

D. Willoughby and C. Schwiening, Electrically evoked dendritic pH transients in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells, The Journal of Physiology, vol.780, issue.2, pp.487-99, 2002.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.027508

H. Yang, A. Shelat, R. Guy, V. Gopinath, T. Ma et al., Nanomolar Affinity Small Molecule Correctors of Defective ??F508-CFTR Chloride Channel Gating, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.278, issue.37, pp.35079-85, 2003.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M303098200

L. Zhang, H. Pathak, D. Coulter, M. Freed, and N. Vardi, Shift of Intracellular Chloride Concentration in Ganglion and Amacrine Cells of Developing Mouse Retina, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.95, issue.4, pp.2404-2420, 2006.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00578.2005