M. D. Phil and R. P. Nutr, Professor at Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences

G. Meneilly and D. Tessier, Diabetes in Elderly Adults, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, vol.56, issue.1, pp.5-13, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/gerona/56.1.M5

M. Rayman, The importance of selenium to human health, The Lancet, vol.356, issue.9225, pp.233-241, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02490-9

A. Mueller and J. Pallauf, Compendium of the antidiabetic effects of supranutritional selenate doses. In vivo and in vitro investigations with type II diabetic db/db mice, The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, vol.17, issue.8, pp.548-560, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.10.006

S. Stapleton, Selenium: an insulin mimetic, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, vol.57, issue.13, pp.1874-1879, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/PL00000669

K. Kljai and R. Runje, Selenium and Glycogen Levels in Diabetic Patients, Biological Trace Element Research, vol.83, issue.3, pp.223-229, 2001.
DOI : 10.1385/BTER:83:3:223

M. Navarro-alarcon, L. Gdlsh, V. Perez-valero, and C. Lopez-martinez, Serum and urine selenium concentrations as indicators of body status in patients with diabetes mellitus, Science of The Total Environment, vol.228, issue.1, pp.79-85, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00034-0

S. Rajpathak, E. Rimm, J. Morris, and F. Hu, Toenail Selenium and Cardiovascular Disease in Men with Diabetes, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, vol.19, issue.4, pp.250-256, 2005.
DOI : 10.1080/07315724.2005.10719472

J. Bleys, A. Navas-acien, and E. Guallar, Serum selenium and diabetes in U.S. adults. Diabetes Care, pp.829-834, 2007.

M. Laclaustra, A. Navas-acien, S. Stranges, J. Ordovas, and E. Guallar, Serum Selenium Concentrations and Diabetes in U.S. Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003???2004, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.117, issue.9, pp.1409-1413, 2003.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.0900704

S. Czernichow, A. Couthouis, S. Bertrais, A. Vergnaud, L. Dauchet et al., Antioxidant supplementation does not affect fasting plasma glucose in the Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals (SU.VI.MAX) study in France: association with dietary intake and plasma concentrations, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.84, pp.395-399, 2006.

S. Stranges, J. Marshall, R. Natarajan, R. Donahue, M. Trevisan et al., Effects of Long-Term Selenium Supplementation on the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.147, issue.4, pp.217-223, 2007.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-147-4-200708210-00175

C. Berr, C. Coudray, C. Bonithon-kopp, A. Roussel, F. Mainard et al., Demographic and cardiovascular risk factors in relation to antioxidant status: the EVA Study, Int J Vitam Nutr Res, vol.68, pp.26-35, 1998.

C. Berr, M. Richard, A. Roussel, and C. Bonithon-kopp, Systemic Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Performance in the Population-Based EVA Study, Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol.24, issue.7-8
DOI : 10.1016/S0891-5849(97)00432-2

J. Arnaud, A. Prual, P. Preziosi, A. Favier, and S. Hercberg, Selenium determination in human milk in Niger: influence of maternal status, J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis, vol.7, pp.199-204, 1993.

S. Lippman, E. Klein, P. Goodman, M. Lucia, I. Thompson et al., Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E on Risk of Prostate Cancer and Other Cancers, JAMA, vol.301, issue.1, pp.39-51, 2009.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.2008.864

V. Ducros, P. Faure, M. Ferry, F. Couzy, I. Biajoux et al., The sizes of the exchangeable pools of selenium in elderly women and their relation to institutionalization, British Journal of Nutrition, vol.41, issue.03, pp.379-396, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.179.4073.588

M. Lamand, J. Tressol, and J. Bellanger, The mineral and trace element composition in French food items and intake levels in France, J Trace Elem Electrolytes Health Dis, vol.8, pp.195-202, 1994.

M. Vinceti, E. Wei, C. Malagoli, M. Bergomi, and G. Vivoli, Adverse Health Effects of Selenium in Humans, Reviews on Environmental Health, vol.16, issue.4, pp.233-251, 2001.
DOI : 10.1515/REVEH.2001.16.4.233

P. Whanger, S. Vendeland, Y. Park, and Y. Xia, Metabolism of subtoxic levels of selenium in animals and humans, Ann Clin Lab Sci, vol.26, pp.99-113, 1996.

M. Rayman, Selenoproteins and human health: Insights from epidemiological data, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, vol.1790, issue.11, pp.1533-1540, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.03.014

A. Mueller, K. Mueller, N. Wolf, and J. Pallauf, Selenium and diabetes: an enigma?, Free Radical Research, vol.183, issue.11, pp.1-31, 2009.
DOI : 10.1080/01635580701684856

J. Mcclung, C. Roneker, W. Mu, D. Lisk, P. Langlais et al., Development of insulin resistance and obesity in mice overexpressing cellular glutathione peroxidase, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.101, issue.24, pp.8852-8857, 2004.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0308096101

A. Mueller, A. Bosse, E. Most, S. Klomann, S. Schneider et al., Regulation of the insulin antagonistic protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B by dietary Se studied in growing rats, The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, vol.20, issue.4, pp.235-247, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.02.007

A. Mueller, S. Klomann, N. Wolf, S. Schneider, R. Schmidt et al., Redox Regulation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B by Manipulation of Dietary Selenium Affects the Triglyceride Concentration in Rat Liver, Journal of Nutrition, vol.138, issue.12, pp.2328-2336, 2008.
DOI : 10.3945/jn.108.089482

X. Wang, M. Vatamaniuk, S. Wang, C. Roneker, R. Simmons et al., Molecular mechanisms for hyperinsulinaemia induced by overproduction of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase-1 in mice, Diabetologia, vol.56, issue.235, pp.1515-1524, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00125-008-1055-3

M. Kim, Y. Rolland, O. Cepeda, J. Gammack, and J. Morley, Diabetes mellitus in older men, The Aging Male, vol.20, issue.2, pp.139-147, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S1056-8727(02)00191-5

J. Ren, Cardiac health and diabetes mellitus in women: problems and prospects, Minerva Cardioangiol, vol.54, pp.289-309, 2006.

C. Coudray, A. Roussel, F. Mainard, J. Arnaud, and A. Favier, Lipid peroxidation level and antioxidant micronutrient status in a pre-aging population; correlation with chronic disease prevalence in a French epidemiological study, J Am Coll Nutr, vol.16, pp.584-591, 1997.

L. Schomburg and . Selene, the goddess of the moon: does she shine on men only? Eur Heart J, pp.2043-2044, 2007.

C. Meplan, L. Crosley, F. Nicol, G. Beckett, A. Howie et al., Genetic polymorphisms in the human selenoprotein P gene determine the response of selenoprotein markers to selenium supplementation in a gender-specific manner (the SELGEN study), The FASEB Journal, vol.21, issue.12, pp.3063-3074, 2007.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.07-8166com

C. Meplan, L. Crosley, F. Nicol, G. Horgan, J. Mathers et al., Functional effects of a common single-nucleotide polymorphism (GPX4c718t) in the glutathione peroxidase 4 gene: interaction with sex, Am J Clin Nutr, vol.87, pp.1019-1027, 2008.

L. Schomburg, C. Riese, K. Renko, and U. Schweizer, Effect of age on sexually dimorphic selenoprotein expression in mice, Biological Chemistry, vol.388, issue.10, pp.1035-1041, 2007.
DOI : 10.1515/BC.2007.128

. Akbaraly, Plasma selenium and risk of dysglycemia in an elderly French population: results from the prospective Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing Study, Nutrition & Metabolism, vol.7, issue.1, 20107.
DOI : 10.1186/1743-7075-7-21
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00457717