T. Achenbach, Manual for the child behavior checklist/4-18, 1991.

A. Agrawal and M. T. Lynskey, Are there genetic influences on addiction: evidence from family, adoption and twin studies, Addiction, vol.141, issue.7, pp.1069-1081, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10519-006-9064-9

T. D. Armstrong and E. J. Costello, Community studies on adolescent substance use, abuse, or dependence and psychiatric comorbidity., Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol.70, issue.6, pp.1224-1239, 2002.
DOI : 10.1037/0022-006X.70.6.1224

S. Avenevoli and K. R. Merikangas, Familial influences on adolescent smoking, Addiction, vol.86, issue.Supplement 1, pp.1-20, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1360-0443.98.s1.2.x

S. L. Bailey, S. T. Ennett, and C. L. Ringwalt, Potential mediators, moderators, or independent effects in the relationship between parents' former and current cigarette use and their children's cigarette use, Addictive Behaviors, vol.18, issue.6, pp.601-621, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4603(93)90015-2

K. E. Bauman, V. A. Foshee, M. A. Linzer, and G. G. Koch, Effect of parental smoking classification on the association between parental and adolescent smoking, Addictive Behaviors, vol.15, issue.5, pp.413-422, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4603(90)90027-U

D. I. Boomsma, J. R. Koopmans, L. J. Van-doornen, and J. F. Orlebeke, Genetic and social influences on starting to smoke: a study of Dutch adolescent twins and their parents, Addiction, vol.19, issue.2, pp.219-226, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91600-D

J. B. Bricker, B. G. Leroux, A. M. Robyn, K. B. Rajan, A. V. Peterson et al., Parental smoking cessation and children's smoking: Mediation by antismoking actions, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, vol.7, issue.4, pp.501-509, 2005.
DOI : 10.1080/14622200500186353

L. Chassin, C. Presson, D. C. Seo, S. J. Sherman, J. Macy et al., Multiple trajectories of cigarette smoking and the intergenerational transmission of smoking: A multigenerational, longitudinal study of a midwestern community sample., Health Psychology, vol.27, issue.6, pp.819-828, 2008.
DOI : 10.1037/0278-6133.27.6.819

M. Choquet, S. Ledoux, C. Hassler, F. Beck, and P. Peretti-watel, Consommation de substances psychoactives chez les 14-18 ans scolarisés: premiers résultats de l'enquête ESPAD, pp.1-23, 1999.

N. A. Christakis and J. H. Fowler, The Collective Dynamics of Smoking in a Large Social Network, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.358, issue.21, pp.2249-2258, 2008.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMsa0706154

N. Darling and P. Cumsille, Theory, measurement, and methods in the study of family influences on adolescent smoking, Addiction, vol.7, issue.Supplement 1, pp.21-36, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1360-0443.98.s1.3.x

M. Ernst, E. T. Moolchan, and M. L. Robinson, Behavioral and Neural Consequences of Prenatal Exposure to Nicotine, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.40, issue.6, pp.630-641, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/00004583-200106000-00007

E. A. Exter-blokland, R. C. Engels, W. W. Hale, . Iii, W. Meeus et al., Lifetime parental smoking history and cessation and early adolescent smoking behavior, Preventive Medicine, vol.38, issue.3, pp.359-368, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.11.008

P. Fagan, J. S. Brook, E. Rubenstone, and C. Zhang, Parental occupation, education, and smoking as predictors of offspring tobacco use in adulthood: A longitudinal study, Addictive Behaviors, vol.30, issue.3, pp.517-529, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.08.002

J. A. Fidler, R. West, C. H. Van-jaarsveld, M. J. Jarvis, and J. Wardle, Smoking status of step-parents as a risk factor for smoking in adolescence, Addiction, vol.102, issue.3, pp.496-501, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02086.x

E. Fombonne and S. Vermeersch, Les enfants de la cohorte GAZEL: I--Prevalence des contacts avec le système médico-éducatif pour raisons psychologiques, et facteurs associes, pp.29-40, 1997.

C. Galéra, E. Fombonne, J. F. Chastang, and M. Bouvard, Childhood hyperactivity-inattention symptoms and smoking in adolescence, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol.78, issue.1, pp.101-108, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.10.003

S. E. Gilman, R. Rende, J. Boergers, D. B. Abrams, S. L. Buka et al., Parental Smoking and Adolescent Smoking Initiation: An Intergenerational Perspective on Tobacco Control, PEDIATRICS, vol.123, issue.2, pp.274-281, 2009.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2008-2251

M. Goldberg, A. Leclerc, S. Bonenfant, J. F. Chastang, A. Schmaus et al., Cohort profile: the GAZEL Cohort Study, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.36, issue.1, pp.32-39, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dyl247
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00150053

P. Guilbert and A. Gautier, Baromètre santé, 2000.

E. Hellstrom-lindahl and A. Nordberg, Smoking during Pregnancy: A Way to Transfer the Addiction to the Next Generation?, Respiration, vol.69, issue.4, pp.289-293, 2002.
DOI : 10.1159/000063261

B. L. Jones, D. S. Nagin, and K. Roeder, A SAS Procedure Based on Mixture Models for Estimating Developmental Trajectories, Sociological Methods & Research, vol.116, issue.2, pp.374-393, 2001.
DOI : 10.1177/0049124101029003005

M. Kleinjan, R. C. Engels, J. Van-leeuwe, J. Brug, R. M. Van-zundert et al., Mechanisms of adolescent smoking cessation: Roles of readiness to quit, nicotine dependence, and smoking of parents and peers, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol.99, issue.1-3, pp.204-214, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.08.002

C. D. Mathers and D. Loncar, Projections of Global Mortality and Burden of Disease from 2002 to 2030, PLoS Medicine, vol.52, issue.11, p.442, 2002.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442.st007

R. Mcgee, S. Williams, and A. Reeder, Parental tobacco smoking behaviour and their children???s smoking and cessation in adulthood, Addiction, vol.30, issue.Suppl. IV, pp.1193-1201, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01486.x

M. Melchior, J. Chastang, P. Goldberg, and E. Fombonne, High prevalence rates of tobacco, alcohol and drug use in adolescents and young adults in France: Results from the GAZEL Youth study, Addictive Behaviors, vol.33, issue.1, pp.122-133, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.09.009
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00226396

M. R. Munafo and E. C. Johnstone, Genes and cigarette smoking, Addiction, vol.5, issue.6, pp.893-904, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02071.x

S. L. Paul, L. Blizzard, G. C. Patton, T. Dwyer, and A. Venn, Parental smoking and smoking experimentation in childhood increase the risk of being a smoker 20???years later: the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study, Addiction, vol.84, issue.5, pp.846-853, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02196.x

J. M. Vink, G. Willemsen, and D. I. Boomsma, The association of current smoking behavior with the smoking behavior of parents, siblings, friends and spouses, Addiction, vol.94, issue.7, pp.923-931, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00405.x