A. S. Curtis, THE MECHANISM OF ADHESION OF CELLS TO GLASS: A Study by Interference Reflection Microscopy, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.20, issue.2, pp.199-215, 1964.
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.20.2.199

J. Ploem, Reflection-contrast microscopy as a tool for investigation of the attachment of living cells to a glass surface, 1975.

J. Bereiter-hahn, C. H. Fox, and B. Thorell, Quantitative reflection contrast microscopy of living cells, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.82, issue.3, pp.767-779, 1979.
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.82.3.767

I. Weber, [2] Reflection interference contrast microscopy, Methods Enzymology, vol.361, pp.34-46, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0076-6879(03)61004-9

URL : http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0010-6D32-8

T. J. Filler and E. T. Peuker, Reflection contrast microscopy (RCM): a forgotten technique?, The Journal of Pathology, vol.65, issue.5, pp.635-638, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(200004)190:5<635::AID-PATH571>3.0.CO;2-E

A. Zilker, H. Engelhard, and E. Sackmann, Dynamic reflection interference contrast (RIC-) microscopy : a new method to study surface excitations of cells and to measure membrane bending elastic moduli, Journal de Physique, vol.48, issue.12, p.2139, 1987.
DOI : 10.1051/jphys:0198700480120213900

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00210663

J. Schilling, K. Sengupta, S. Goennenwein, A. R. Bausch, and E. Sackmann, Absolute interfacial distance measurements by dual-wavelength reflection interference contrast microscopy, Physical Review E, vol.69, issue.2, p.21901, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.69.021901

P. Robert, K. Sengupta, P. Puech, P. Bongrand, and L. Limozin, Tuning the Formation and Rupture of Single Ligand-Receptor Bonds by Hyaluronan-Induced Repulsion, Biophysical Journal, vol.95, issue.8, pp.3999-4012, 2008.
DOI : 10.1529/biophysj.108.135947

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00322042

L. Limozin and K. Sengupta, Modulation of Vesicle Adhesion and Spreading Kinetics by Hyaluronan Cushions, Biophysical Journal, vol.93, issue.9, pp.3300-3313, 2007.
DOI : 10.1529/biophysj.107.105544

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00303617

A. Smith, S. Sengupta, U. Goennenwein, E. Seifert, and . Sackmann, Force-induced growth of adhesion domains is controlled by receptor mobility, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.105, issue.19, pp.6906-6911, 2008.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0801706105

S. Fenz, R. Merkel, and K. Sengupta, Diffusion and Intermembrane Distance: Case Study of Avidin and E-Cadherin Mediated Adhesion, Langmuir, vol.25, issue.2, pp.1074-1085, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/la803227s

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00386920

A. Smith, S. Lorz, E. Goennenwein, and . Sackmann, Force-Controlled Equilibria of Specific Vesicle-Substrate Adhesion, Biophysical Journal, vol.90, issue.7, pp.52-54, 2006.
DOI : 10.1529/biophysj.105.079426

M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of optics, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139644181

M. Pluta, Advanced Light Microscopy, 1998.

D. Gingell and I. Todd, Interference reflection microscopy. A quantitative theory for image interpretation and its application to cell-substratum separation measurement, Biophysical Journal, vol.26, issue.3, pp.507-526, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(79)85268-6

M. Kuhner and E. Sackmann, Ultrathin Hydrated Dextran Films Grafted on Glass:?? Preparation and Characterization of Structural, Viscous, and Elastic Properties by Quantitative Microinterferometry, Langmuir, vol.12, issue.20, pp.4866-4876, 1996.
DOI : 10.1021/la960282+

G. Wiegand, K. R. Neumaier, and E. Sackmann, Microinterferometry: three-dimensional reconstruction of surface microtopography for thin-film and wetting studies by reflection interference contrast microscopy (RICM), Applied Optics, vol.37, issue.29, pp.6892-6905, 1998.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.37.006892

C. Picart, K. Sengupta, J. Schilling, G. Maurstad, G. Ladam et al., Microinterferometric Study of the Structure, Interfacial Potential, and Viscoelastic Properties of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films on a Planar Substrate, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.108, issue.22, pp.7196-7205, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/jp037971w

R. Richter, K. Hock, J. Burkhartsmeyer, H. Boehm, P. Bingen et al., Membrane-Grafted Hyaluronan Films:?? A Well-Defined Model System of Glycoconjugate Cell Coats, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.129, issue.17, pp.5306-5307, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/ja068768s

K. Kim and O. A. Saleh, Stabilizing method for reflection interference contrast microscopy, Applied Optics, vol.47, issue.12, pp.2070-2075, 2008.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.47.002070

S. Fenz, Cell-cell adhesion mediated by mobile ligand-receptor pairs: a biomimetic study, 2009.

S. Marx, J. Schilling, E. Sackmann, and R. Bruinsma, Helfrich Repulsion and Dynamical Phase Separation of Multicomponent Lipid Bilayers, Physical Review Letters, vol.88, issue.13, p.138102, 2002.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.138102

K. Sengupta, H. Aranda-espinoza, L. Smith, D. Janmey, and . Hammer, Spreading of Neutrophils: From Activation to Migration, Biophysical Journal, vol.91, issue.12, pp.4638-4648, 2006.
DOI : 10.1529/biophysj.105.080382

A. Hategan, K. Sengupta, S. Kahn, E. Sackmann, and D. E. Discher, Topographical Pattern Dynamics in Passive Adhesion of Cell Membranes, Biophysical Journal, vol.87, issue.5, pp.3547-3560, 2004.
DOI : 10.1529/biophysj.104.041475

N. G. Clack and J. T. Groves, Many-Particle Tracking with Nanometer Resolution in Three Dimensions by Reflection Interference Contrast Microscopy, Langmuir, vol.21, issue.14, pp.6430-6435, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/la050372r

J. C. Crocker and D. G. Grier, Microscopic measurement of the pair interaction potential of charge-stabilized colloid, Physical Review Letters, vol.73, issue.2, pp.352-355, 1994.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.352

J. Radler and E. Sackmann, On the measurement of weak repulsive and frictional colloidal forces by reflection interference contrast microscopy, Langmuir, vol.8, issue.3, pp.848-853, 1992.
DOI : 10.1021/la00039a019

A. Albersdorfer and E. Sackmann, Swelling behavior and viscoelasticity of ultrathin grafted hyaluronic acid films, The European Physical Journal B, vol.10, issue.4, pp.663-672, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s100510050898

G. Maurstad, . Bausch, B. Sikorski, and . Stokke, Electrostatically Self-Assembled Multilayers of Chitosan and Xanthan Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy and Micro-Interferometry, Macromolecular Symposia, vol.227, issue.1, pp.161-172, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/masy.200550916

]. P. Robert, ´ Etude dynamique de l'adhésion leucocytaire avec une chambrèchambrè a flux laminaire: de la physiquè a la médecine, 2009.

G. Wiegand, T. Jaworek, G. Wegner, and E. Sackmann, Studies of Structure and Local Wetting Properties on Heterogeneous, Micropatterned Solid Surfaces by Microinterferometry, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol.196, issue.2, pp.299-312, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/jcis.1997.5193

L. Vonna, L. Limozin, A. Roth, and E. Sackmann, Single-Filament Dynamics and Long-Range Ordering of Semiflexible Biopolymers under Flow and Confinement, Langmuir, vol.21, issue.21, pp.9635-9643, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/la050986w

R. Merkel, N. Kirchgessner, C. M. Cesa, and B. Hoffmann, Cell Force Microscopy on Elastic Layers of Finite Thickness, Biophysical Journal, vol.93, issue.9, pp.3314-3323, 2007.
DOI : 10.1529/biophysj.107.111328

C. M. Cesa, N. Kirchgessner, D. Mayer, U. Schwarz, B. Hoffmann et al., Micropatterned silicone elastomer substrates for high resolution analysis of cellular force patterns, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.78, issue.3, p.34301, 2007.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2712870

A. Albersdorfer, T. Feder, and E. Sackmann, Adhesion-induced domain formation by interplay of long-range repulsion and short-range attraction force: a model membrane study, Biophysical Journal, vol.73, issue.1, pp.245-257, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(97)78065-2

A. Boulbitch, Z. Guttenberg, and E. Sackmann, Kinetics of Membrane Adhesion Mediated by Ligand???Receptor Interaction Studied with a Biomimetic System, Biophysical Journal, vol.81, issue.5, pp.2743-2751, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(01)75917-6

E. Sackmann and R. Bruinsma, Cell Adhesion as Wetting Transition?, ChemPhysChem, vol.3, issue.3, pp.262-269, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/1439-7641(20020315)3:3<262::AID-CPHC262>3.0.CO;2-U

A. Smith and E. Sackmann, Progress in Mimetic Studies of Cell Adhesion and the Mechanosensing, ChemPhysChem, vol.89, issue.1, pp.66-78, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/cphc.200800683

U. Seifert and R. Lipowsky, Adhesion of vesicles, Physical Review A, vol.42, issue.8, pp.4768-4771, 1990.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.42.4768

R. Bruinsma, Adhesion and rolling of leukocytes: a physical model, Physics of biomaterials, 1995.

A. Kloboucek, A. Behrisch, J. Faix, and E. Sackmann, Adhesion-Induced Receptor Segregation and Adhesion Plaque Formation: A Model Membrane Study, Biophysical Journal, vol.77, issue.4, pp.2311-2328, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77070-0

S. Goennenwein, M. Tanaka, B. Hu, L. Moroder, and E. Sackmann, Functional Incorporation of Integrins into Solid Supported Membranes on Ultrathin Films of Cellulose: Impact on Adhesion, Biophysical Journal, vol.85, issue.1, pp.646-655, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74508-1

L. Limozin, A. Roth, and E. Sackmann, Microviscoelastic Moduli of Biomimetic Cell Envelopes, Physical Review Letters, vol.95, issue.17, p.178101, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.178101

B. Lorz, A. S. Smith, E. Gege, and . Sackmann, to E-Selectin in the Presence of Repelling Poly(ethylene glycol) Molecules, Langmuir, vol.23, issue.24, pp.12293-12300, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/la701824q

D. Cuvelier and P. Nassoy, Hidden Dynamics of Vesicle Adhesion Induced by Specific Stickers, Physical Review Letters, vol.93, issue.22, p.228101, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.228101

K. Neuman and A. Nagy, Single-molecule force spectroscopy: optical tweezers, magnetic tweezers and atomic force microscopy, Nature Methods, vol.75, issue.6, pp.491-505, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nmeth.1218

D. Leckband and A. Prakasam, MECHANISM AND DYNAMICS OF CADHERIN ADHESION, Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, vol.8, issue.1, pp.259-287, 2006.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.bioeng.8.061505.095753

D. Riveline, E. Zamir, N. Q. Balaban, U. S. Schwarz, T. Ishizaki et al., Focal Contacts as Mechanosensors, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.11, issue.6, pp.1175-1186, 2001.
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.141.2.539

R. M. Saunders, M. R. Holt, L. Jennings, D. H. Sutton, I. L. Barsukov et al., Role of vinculin in regulating focal adhesion turnover, European Journal of Cell Biology, vol.85, issue.6, pp.487-500, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ejcb.2006.01.014

M. R. Holt, Y. Calle, D. H. Sutton, D. R. Critchley, G. E. Jones et al., Quantifying cell-matrix adhesion dynamics in living cells using interference reflection microscopy, Journal of Microscopy, vol.111, issue.1, pp.73-81, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.02069.x

A. Pierres, P. Eymeric, E. Baloche, D. Touchard, A. Benoliel et al., Cell Membrane Alignment along Adhesive Surfaces: Contribution of Active and Passive Cell Processes, Biophysical Journal, vol.84, issue.3, pp.2058-2070, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)75013-9

J. Drazba, P. Liljelund, C. Smith, V. Payne, and . Lemmon, Growth cone interactions with purified cell and substrate adhesion molecules visualized by interference reflection microscopy, Developmental Brain Research, vol.100, issue.2, pp.183-197, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-3806(97)00041-2

B. Dubin-thaler, G. Giannone, H. Döbereiner, and M. P. Sheetz, Nanometer Analysis of Cell Spreading on Matrix-Coated Surfaces Reveals Two Distinct Cell States and STEPs, Biophysical Journal, vol.86, issue.3, pp.1794-1806, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(04)74246-0

C. A. Reinhart-king, M. Dembo, and D. A. Hammer, The Dynamics and Mechanics of Endothelial Cell Spreading, Biophysical Journal, vol.89, issue.1, pp.676-689, 2005.
DOI : 10.1529/biophysj.104.054320

D. Cuvelier, M. Théry, Y. Chu, S. Dufour, J. Thiéry et al., The Universal Dynamics of Cell Spreading, Current Biology, vol.17, issue.8, pp.694-699, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.058

T. Frisch and O. Thoumine, Predicting the kinetics of cell spreading, Journal of Biomechanics, vol.35, issue.8, pp.1137-1141, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9290(02)00075-1

F. Chamaraux, S. Fache, F. Bruckert, and B. Fourcade, Kinetics of Cell Spreading, Physical Review Letters, vol.94, issue.15, p.158102, 2005.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.158102

H. Döbereiner, B. Dubin-thaler, G. Giannone, H. S. Xenias, and M. P. Sheetz, Dynamic Phase Transitions in Cell Spreading, Physical Review Letters, vol.93, issue.10, p.108105, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.108105

A. Zidovska and E. Sackmann, Brownian Motion of Nucleated Cell Envelopes Impedes Adhesion, Physical Review Letters, vol.96, issue.4, p.48103, 2006.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.048103

A. Pierres, A. Benoliel, D. Touchard, and P. Bongrand, How Cells Tiptoe on Adhesive Surfaces before Sticking, Biophysical Journal, vol.94, issue.10, pp.4114-4122, 2008.
DOI : 10.1529/biophysj.107.125278

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00317467

A. Llobet, V. Beaumont, and L. Lagnado, Real-Time Measurement of Exocytosis and Endocytosis Using Interference of Light, Neuron, vol.40, issue.6, pp.1075-1086, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00765-7

K. Sengupta, E. Moyen, M. Mace, A. Benoliel, A. Pierres et al., Large-Scale Ordered Plastic Nanopillars for Quantitative Live-Cell Imaging, Small, vol.24, issue.4, pp.449-453, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/smll.200800836

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00386945