J. S. Archer, D. F. Abbott, A. B. Waites, and G. D. Jackson, ) fMRI " deactivation " of the osterior cingulate during generalized spike and wave, Neuroimage, vol.20, pp.1951-1922, 2003.

G. Avanzini, M. De-curtis, F. Panzica, and R. Spreafico, Intrinsic properties of nucleus reticularis thalami neurones of the rat studied in vitro., The Journal of Physiology, vol.416, issue.1, pp.111-122, 1989.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1989.sp017752

M. Avoli and P. Gloor, Role of the thalamus in generalized penicillin epilepsy: Observations on decorticated cats, Experimental Neurology, vol.77, issue.2, pp.386-402, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-4886(82)90252-7

M. Avoli, P. Gloor, G. Kostopoulos, and J. Gotman, An analysis of penicillin-induced generalized spike and wave discharges using simultaneous recordings of cortical and thalamic single neurons, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.50, pp.819-837, 1983.

M. Avoli, M. A. Rogawski, and G. Avanzini, Generalized Epileptic Disorders: An???Update, Epilepsia, vol.405, issue.suppl 3, pp.445-457, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.39800.x

T. Bal and D. A. Mccormick, Mechanisms of oscillatory activity in guinea-pig nucleus reticularis thalami in vitro: a mammalian pacemaker., The Journal of Physiology, vol.468, issue.1, pp.669-691, 1993.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019794

J. Bancaud, J. Talairach, P. Morel, M. Bresson, A. Bonis et al., ???Generalized??? epileptic seizures elicited by electrical stimulation of the frontal lobe in man, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.37, issue.3, pp.275-282, 1974.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-4694(74)90031-5

P. Bartho, T. F. Freund, and L. Acsady, Selective GABAergic innervation of thalamic nuclei from zona incerta, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.413, issue.6, pp.999-1014, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02157.x

S. F. Berkovic, R. A. Howell, D. A. Hay, and J. L. Hopper, Epilepsies in twins: Genetics of the major epilepsy syndromes, Annals of Neurology, vol.120, issue.4, pp.435-445, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.410430405

H. Bokor, S. G. Frere, M. D. Eyre, A. Slezia, I. Ulbert et al., Selective GABAergic Control of Higher-Order Thalamic Relays, Neuron, vol.45, issue.6, pp.929-940, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.048

H. Blumenfeld and D. A. Mccormick, Corticothalamic inputs control the pattern of activity generated in thalamocortical networks, J Neurosci, vol.20, pp.5153-5162, 2000.

H. Blumendfeld, Consciousness and epilepsy: why are patients with absence seizures absent?, Progress in Brain Research, vol.150, pp.271-289, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50020-7

J. Bourassa, D. Pinault, and M. Deschênes, Corticothalamic Projections from the Cortical Barrel Field to the Somatosensory Thalamus in Rats: A Single-fibre Study Using Biocytin as an Anterograde Tracer, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.6, issue.1, pp.19-30, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01016.x

J. J. Bouyer, M. F. Montaron, and A. Rougeul, Fast fronto-parietal rhythms during combined focused attentive behaviour and immobility in cat: cortical and thalamic localizations, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.51, issue.3, pp.244-252, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-4694(81)90138-3

T. Budde, L. Caputi, T. Kanyshkova, R. Staak, C. Abrahamczik et al., Impaired Regulation of Thalamic Pacemaker Channels through an Imbalance of Subunit Expression in Absence Epilepsy, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.43, pp.9871-9882, 2005.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2590-05.2005

D. L. Burgess, J. M. Jones, M. H. Meisler, and J. L. Noebels, Mutation of the Ca2+ Channel ?? Subunit Gene Cchb4 Is Associated with Ataxia and Seizures in the Lethargic (lh) Mouse, Cell, vol.88, issue.3, pp.385-392, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81877-2

M. A. Castro-alamancos, Origin of synchronized oscillations induced by neocortical disinhibition in vivo, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.20, pp.9195-9206, 2000.

M. A. Castro-alamancos and M. E. Calcagnotto, Presynaptic long-term potentiation in corticothalamic synapses, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.19, pp.9090-9097, 1999.

M. A. Castro-alamancos and P. Rigas, Synchronized oscillations caused by disinhibition in rodent neocortex are generated by recurrent synaptic activity mediated by AMPA receptors, The Journal of Physiology, vol.461, issue.2, pp.567-581, 2002.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.019059

K. Chen, I. Aradi, N. Thon, M. Eghbal-ahmadi, and T. Baram, Persistently modified hchannels after complex febrile seizures convert the seizure-induced enhancement of inhibition to hyperexcitability, Nature Medicine, vol.7, issue.3, pp.331-337, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/85480

Y. Chen, J. Lu, H. Pan, Y. Zhang, H. Wu et al., Association between genetic variation ofCACNA1H and childhood absence epilepsy, Annals of Neurology, vol.64, issue.2, pp.239-243, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.10607

D. Contreras, D. R. Curro, and M. Steriade, Electrophysiological properties of cat reticular thalamic neurones in vivo., The Journal of Physiology, vol.470, issue.1, pp.273-294, 1993.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1993.sp019858

M. A. Cortez, C. Mckerlie, O. C. Snead, and . Iii, A model of atypical absence seizures: EEG, pharmacology, and developmental characterization, Neurology, vol.56, issue.3, pp.341-349, 2001.
DOI : 10.1212/WNL.56.3.341

V. Crunelli and N. Leresche, CHILDHOOD ABSENCE EPILEPSY: GENES, CHANNELS, NEURONS AND NETWORKS, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.21, issue.5, pp.371-382, 2002.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M109404200

L. Danober, C. Deransart, A. Depaulis, M. Vergnes, and C. Marescaux, Pathophysiological mechanisms of genetic absence epilepsy in the rat, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.55, issue.1, pp.27-57, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00091-9

D. 'antuono, M. Inaba, Y. Biagini, G. D-'arcangelo, G. Tancredi et al., Synaptic hyperexcitability of deep layer neocortical cells in a genetic model of absence seizures, Genes, Brain and Behavior, vol.424, issue.1, pp.73-84, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1601-183X.2005.00146.x

M. Deschênes, J. Bourassa, and D. Pinault, Corticothalamic projections from layer V cells in rat are collaterals of long-range corticofugal axons, Brain Research, vol.664, issue.1-2, pp.215-219, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91974-7

W. H. Drinkenburg, A. M. Coenen, J. M. Vossen, V. Luijtelaar, and E. L. , Spike-wave discharges and sleep-wake states in rats with absence epilepsy, Epilepsy Research, vol.9, issue.3, pp.218-224, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0920-1211(91)90055-K

A. K. Engel, P. Fries, and W. Singer, Dynamic predictions: Oscillations and synchrony in top???down processing, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.51, issue.10, pp.704-716, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/35094565

E. E. Fanselow, K. Sameshima, L. A. Baccala, and M. A. Nicolelis, Thalamic bursting in rats during different awake behavioral states, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 98, pp.15330-15335, 2001.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.261273898

M. Fedi, S. F. Berkovic, C. Marini, R. Mulligan, H. Tochon-danguy et al., A GABAA receptor mutation causing generalized epilepsy reduces benzodiazepine receptor binding, NeuroImage, vol.32, issue.3, pp.995-1000, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.05.059

S. Feig and J. K. Harting, Corticocortical communication via the thalamus: Ultrastructural studies of corticothalamic projections from area 17 to the lateral posterior nucleus of the cat and inferior pulvinar nucleus of the owl monkey, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.335, issue.3, pp.281-295, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19980808)395:3<281::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-Z

C. F. Fletcher, C. M. Lutz, T. N. O-'sullivan, J. D. Shaughnessy, . Jr et al., Absence Epilepsy in Tottering Mutant Mice Is Associated with Calcium Channel Defects, Cell, vol.87, issue.4, pp.607-617, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81381-1

D. Gauguier, G. Van-luijtelaar, M. T. Bihoreau, S. P. Wilder, R. F. Godfrey et al., Chromosomal Mapping of Genetic Loci Controlling Absence Epilepsy Phenotypes in the WAG/Rij Rat, Epilepsia, vol.19, issue.8, pp.908-915, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/ng1195-241

S. Gigout, J. Louvel, and R. Pumain, Effects in vitro and in vivo of a gap junction blocker on epileptiform activities in a genetic model of absence epilepsy, Epilepsy Research, vol.69, issue.1, pp.15-29, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2005.12.002

P. Gloor, Generalized Cortico-Reticular Epilepsies Some Considerations on the Pathophysiology of Generalized Bilaterally Synchronous Spike and Wave Discharge, Epilepsia, vol.7, issue.3, pp.249-263, 1968.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-4694(65)90208-7

P. Gloor and R. G. Fariello, Generalized epilepsy: some of its cellular mechanisms differ from those of focal epilepsy, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.11, issue.2, pp.63-68, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0166-2236(88)90166-X

P. Golshani, X. B. Liu, and E. G. Jones, Differences in quantal amplitude reflect GluR4- subunit number at corticothalamic synapses on two populations of thalamic neurons, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 98, pp.4172-4177, 2001.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.061013698

R. W. Guillery, Anatomical evidence concerning the role of the thalamus in corticocortical communication: a brief review, Journal of Anatomy, vol.187, pp.583-592, 1995.

R. W. Guillery and S. M. Sherman, Thalamic Relay Functions and Their Role in Corticocortical Communication, Neuron, vol.33, issue.2, pp.163-175, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00582-7

P. Halasz, Sleep, arousal and electroclinical manifestations of generalized epilepsy with spike wave pattern, Epilepsy Research, vol.2, pp.43-48, 1991.

M. Holmes, M. Brown, and D. Tucker, Are "Generalized" Seizures Truly Generalized? Evidence of Localized Mesial Frontal and Frontopolar Discharges in Absence, Epilepsia, vol.20, issue.12, pp.1568-1579, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6123(00)26007-X

S. W. Hughes, K. L. Blethyn, D. W. Cope, and V. Crunelli, Properties and origin of spikelets in thalamocortical neurones in vitro, Neuroscience, vol.110, issue.3, pp.395-401, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00577-2

T. Inouye, H. Sakamoto, K. Shinosaki, S. Toi, and S. Ukai, Analysis of rapidly changing EEGs before generalized spike and wave complexes, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.205-221, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-4694(90)90016-D

H. H. Jasper and J. Drooglever-fortuyn, Experimental studies on the functional anatomy of petit mal epilepsy, Research publications Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease, vol.26, pp.272-298, 1947.

E. G. Jones, The Thalamus, 1985.

A. Karpova, A. Bikbaev, A. Coenen, and G. Van-luijtelaar, Morphometric Golgi study of cortical locations in WAG/Rij rats: the cortical focus theory, Neuroscience Research, vol.51, issue.2, pp.119-128, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neures.2004.10.004

A. Keil, M. M. Muller, W. J. Ray, T. Gruber, and T. Elbert, Human gamma band activity and perception of a gestalt, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.19, pp.7152-7161, 1999.

P. Kellaway, Sleep and Epilepsy, Epilepsia, vol.242, issue.s1, pp.15-30, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90506-5

P. Kellaway, J. D. Frost, . Jr, and J. W. Crawley, Time modulation of spike-and-wave activity in generalized epilepsy, Annals of Neurology, vol.23, issue.5, pp.491-500, 1980.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.410080506

H. Khosravani, C. Altier, B. Simms, K. S. Hamming, T. P. Snutch et al., Gating Effects of Mutations in the Cav3.2 T-type Calcium Channel Associated with Childhood Absence Epilepsy, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.279, issue.11, pp.9681-9684, 2004.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.C400006200

H. Khosravani, C. Bladen, D. B. Parker, T. P. Snutch, J. E. Mcrory et al., Effects of Cav3.2 channel mutations linked to idiopathic generalized epilepsy, Annals of Neurology, vol.127, issue.5, pp.745-749, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.20458

D. Kim, I. Song, S. Keum, T. Lee, M. J. Jeong et al., Lack of the Burst Firing of Thalamocortical Relay Neurons and Resistance to Absence Seizures in Mice Lacking ??1G T-Type Ca2+ Channels, Neuron, vol.31, issue.1, pp.35-45, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00343-9

J. Klein, D. Khera, H. Nersesyan, E. Kimchi, S. Waxman et al., Dysregulation of sodium channel expression in cortical neurons in a rodent model of absence epilepsy, Brain Research, vol.1000, issue.1-2, pp.102-109, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainres.2003.11.051

G. Kostopoulos, P. Gloor, A. Pellegrini, and I. Siatitsas, A study of the transition from spindles to spike and wave discharge in feline generalized penicillin epilepsy: EEG features, Experimental Neurology, vol.73, issue.1, pp.43-54, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-4886(81)90044-3

G. K. Kostopoulos, Spike-and-wave discharges of absence seizures as a transformation of sleep spindles: the continuing development of a hypothesis, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.111, pp.27-38, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1388-2457(00)00399-0

G. K. Kostopoulos, Involvement of the Thalamocortical System in Epileptic Loss of Consciousness, Epilepsia, vol.40, issue.suppl 2, pp.13-19, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.042suppl.3013.x

M. Kuisle, N. Wanaverbecq, A. L. Brewster, S. G. Frere, D. Pinault et al., Functional stabilization of weakened thalamic pacemaker channel regulation in rat absence epilepsy, The Journal of Physiology, vol.24, issue.1, pp.83-100, 2006.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.110486

M. Kyi, S. Lopaticki, T. J. O-'brien, C. Reid, and S. J. Foote, Genetic sequence and mRNA expression of two Ca 2+ channel genes (Cav3.2 & CACNG2) in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg, Australian Neuroscience Conference, pp.11-14, 2006.

L. Lagae, J. Pauwels, C. Monte, B. Verhelle, and I. Vervisch, Frontal absences in children, European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, vol.5, issue.6, pp.243-251, 2001.
DOI : 10.1053/ejpn.2001.0524

C. E. Landisman and B. W. Connors, Long-Term Modulation of Electrical Synapses in the Mammalian Thalamus, Science, vol.310, issue.5755, pp.1809-1813, 2005.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1114655

C. E. Landisman, M. A. Long, M. Beierlein, M. R. Deans, D. L. Paul et al., Electrical synapses in the thalamic reticular nucleus, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.22, pp.1002-1009, 2002.

B. Lannes, G. Micheletti, M. Vergnes, C. Marescaux, A. Depaulis et al., Relationship between spike-wave discharges and vigilance levels in rats with spontaneous petit mal-like epilepsy, Neuroscience Letters, vol.94, issue.1-2, pp.187-191, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3940(88)90293-5

J. Lehmann, C. R. Pryce, D. Bettschen, and J. Feldon, The Maternal Separation Paradigm and Adult Emotionality and Cognition in Male and Female Wistar Rats, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, vol.64, issue.4, pp.705-715, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0091-3057(99)00150-1

V. A. Letts, R. Felix, G. H. Biddlecome, J. Arikkath, C. L. Mahaffey et al., The mouse stargazer gene encodes a neuronal Ca 2+ -channel gamma subunit, Nature Genetics, vol.19, issue.4, pp.340-347, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/1228

L. Liu, T. Zheng, C. Wallengren, M. J. Morris, C. Reid et al., The Mechanism of Carbamazepine Aggravation of Absence Seizures, Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, vol.319, issue.2, pp.790-798, 2006.
DOI : 10.1124/jpet.106.104968

P. Loiseau, Human absence epilepsies, Journal of Neural Transmission, vol.35, pp.1-6, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-9206-1_1

D. W. Loring, D. E. Sheer, and J. W. Largen, Forty Hertz EEG Activity in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type and Multi-Infarct Dementia, Psychophysiology, vol.14, issue.1, pp.116-121, 1985.
DOI : 10.1126/science.7058341

H. J. Luhmann, T. Mittmann, G. Van-luijtelaar, and U. Heinemann, Impairment of intracortical GABAergic inhibition in a rat model of absence epilepsy, Epilepsy Research, vol.22, issue.1, pp.43-51, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0920-1211(95)00032-6

A. Luthi and D. A. Mccormick, Periodicity of Thalamic Synchronized Oscillations: the Role of Ca2+-Mediated Upregulation of Ih, Neuron, vol.20, issue.3, pp.553-563, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80994-0

J. Manning, D. Richards, N. Leresche, V. Crunelli, and N. Bowery, Cortical-area specific block of genetically determined absence seizures by ethosuximide, Neuroscience, vol.123, issue.1, pp.5-9, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.09.026

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00077787

T. J. Marczynski, L. L. Burns, G. T. Livezey, R. L. Vimal, and E. Chen, Sleep and purposive behavior: Inverse deviations from randomness of neuronal firing patterns in the feline thalamus, Brain Research, vol.298, issue.1, pp.75-90, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(84)91148-X

C. Marescaux, G. Micheletti, M. Vergnes, A. Depaulis, L. Rumbach et al., A Model of Chronic Spontaneous Petit Mal-like Seizures in the Rat: Comparison with Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures, Epilepsia, vol.10, issue.3, pp.326-331, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3940(82)90136-7

C. Marescaux, M. Vergnes, G. Micheletti, A. Depaulis, J. Reis et al., A genetic form of petit mal absence in Wistar rats, Revue neurologique, vol.140, pp.63-66, 1984.

D. A. Mccormick and D. Contreras, On The Cellular and Network Bases of Epileptic Seizures, Annual Review of Physiology, vol.63, issue.1, pp.815-846, 2001.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.physiol.63.1.815

K. J. Mclean, T. J. O-'brien, M. J. Cook, and F. J. Vajda, The influence of gender on the aggravation of absence seizures by carbamazepine in the low-dose pentylenetetrazol rat model, Seizure, vol.13, issue.4, pp.208-216, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S1059-1311(03)00144-4

H. Meeren, J. Pijn, E. Van-luijtelaar, A. Coenen, and F. Lopes-da-silva, Cortical focus drives widespread corticothalamic networks during spontaneous absence seizures in rats, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.22, pp.1480-1495, 2002.

H. Meeren, G. Van-luijtelaar, F. Lopes-da-silva, and A. Coenen, Evolving Concepts on the Pathophysiology of Absence Seizures, Archives of Neurology, vol.62, issue.3, pp.371-376, 2005.
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.62.3.371

T. M. Melo, U. Sonnewald, M. Touret, and A. Nehlig, Cortical Glutamate Metabolism is Enhanced in a Genetic Model of Absence Epilepsy, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol.18, issue.12, pp.1496-1506, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(79)90071-4

A. Mercer, D. C. West, O. T. Morris, S. Kirchhecker, J. E. Kerkhoff et al., Excitatory Connections Made by Presynaptic Cortico-Cortical Pyramidal Cells in Layer 6 of the Neocortex, Cerebral Cortex, vol.15, issue.10, pp.1485-1496, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/cercor/bhi027

G. Micheletti, M. Vergnes, C. Marescaux, J. Reis, A. Depaulis et al., Antiepileptic drug evaluation in a new animal model: spontaneous petit mal epilepsy in the rat, Arzneimittelforschung, vol.35, pp.483-485, 1985.

A. F. Mirsky, C. C. Duncan, and M. S. Myslobodsky, Petit Mal Epilepsy: A Review and Integration of Recent Information, Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.3, issue.3, pp.179-208, 1986.
DOI : 10.1097/00004691-198607000-00001

C. Mulle, A. Madariaga, and M. Deschênes, Morphology and electrophysiological properties of reticularis thalami neurons in cat: in vivo study of a thalamic pacemaker, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.6, pp.2134-2145, 1986.

M. A. Nicolelis and E. E. Fanselow, Thalamocortical optimization of tactile processing according to behavioral state*, Nature Neuroscience, vol.94, issue.6, pp.517-540, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/nn0602-517

E. Niedermeyer, Sleep Electroencephalograms In Petit Mal, Archives of Neurology, vol.12, issue.6, pp.625-630, 1965.
DOI : 10.1001/archneur.1965.00460300073010

E. Niedermeyer, Petit mal primary generalized epilepsy and sleep, pp.191-207, 1982.

E. Niedermeyer, Primary (Idiopathic) Generalized Epilepsy and Underlying Mechanisms, Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.1, pp.1-21, 1996.
DOI : 10.1177/155005949602700103

H. C. Pape, Queer Current and Pacemaker: The Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current in Neurons, Annual Review of Physiology, vol.58, issue.1, pp.299-327, 1996.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ph.58.030196.001503

H. C. Pape, T. Kanyshkova, T. Broicher, and T. Budde, Developmental and functional profile of the thalamic hyperpolarization-activated cation current, Ih, in absence epilepsy, Thalamus and Related Systems, vol.3, issue.03, 2007.
DOI : 10.1017/S1472928807000180

T. Pedley, Epilepsy and the Human EEG In: Electrophysiology of Epilepsy, pp.3-30, 1984.

W. G. Penfield and H. H. Jasper, EPILEPSY AND THE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN BRAIN, Southern Medical Journal, vol.47, issue.7, 1954.
DOI : 10.1097/00007611-195407000-00024

E. Perucca, L. Gram, G. Avanzini, and O. Dulac, Antiepileptic Drugs as a Cause of Worsening Seizures, Epilepsia, vol.32, issue.1, pp.5-17, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/0920-1211(88)90054-X

D. Pinault, A novel single-cell staining procedure performed in vivo under electrophysiological control: morpho-functional features of juxtacellularly labeled thalamic cells and other central neurons with biocytin or Neurobiotin, Journal of Neuroscience Methods, vol.65, issue.2, pp.113-149, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-0270(95)00144-1

D. Pinault, Cellular interactions in the rat somatosensory thalamocortical system during normal and epileptic 5-9 Hz oscillations, The Journal of Physiology, vol.17, issue.suppl., pp.881-905, 2003.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.046573

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00560829

D. Pinault, The thalamic reticular nucleus: structure, function and concept, Brain Research Reviews, vol.46, issue.1, pp.1-31, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.04.008

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00560827

D. Pinault, N. Leresche, S. Charpier, J. M. Deniau, C. Marescaux et al., Intracellular recordings in thalamic neurones during spontaneous spike and wave discharges in rats with absence epilepsy, The Journal of Physiology, vol.66, issue.suppl., pp.509-449, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.449bn.x

D. Pinault, A. Slezia, and L. Acsady, Corticothalamic 5-9 Hz oscillations are more pro-epileptogenic than sleep spindles in rats, The Journal of Physiology, vol.99, issue.Suppl., pp.209-227, 2006.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.108498

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00560831

D. Pinault, M. Vergnes, and C. Marescaux, Medium-voltage 5???9-Hz oscillations give rise to spike-and-wave discharges in a genetic model of absence epilepsy: in vivo dual extracellular recording of thalamic relay and reticular neurons, Neuroscience, vol.105, issue.1, pp.181-201, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00182-8

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00560830

D. A. Prince and D. Farrell, Centrencephalic " spike and wave discharges following parenteral penicillin injection in the cat, Neurology, vol.19, pp.309-310, 1969.

E. Proulx, Y. Leshchenko, L. Kokarovtseva, V. Khokhotva, M. El-beheiry et al., Functional contribution of specific brain areas to absence seizures: role of thalamic gap-junctional coupling, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.92, issue.Suppl. 7, pp.489-496, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04558.x

F. Pulvermuller, N. Birbaumer, W. Lutzenberger, and B. Mohr, High-frequency brain activity: Its possible role in attention, perception and language processing, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.52, issue.5, pp.427-445, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0301-0082(97)00023-3

R. Pumain, J. Louvel, M. Gastard, I. Kurcewicz, and M. Vergnes, Responses to N-methyl-D-aspartate are enhanced in rats with Petit Mal-like seizures, Journal of Neural Transmission, vol.35, pp.97-108, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-9206-1_7

U. Ribary, A. A. Ioannides, K. D. Singh, R. Hasson, J. P. Bolton et al., Magnetic field tomography of coherent thalamocortical 40-Hz oscillations in humans., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, pp.11037-11041, 1991.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.88.24.11037

R. B. Robinson and S. A. Siegelbaum, Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Currents: From Molecules to Physiological Function, Annual Review of Physiology, vol.65, issue.1, pp.453-80, 2003.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.physiol.65.092101.142734

G. Rudolf, T. Bihoreau, M. F. Godfrey, R. P. Wilder, S. D. Cox et al., Polygenic Control of Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy Phenotypes in the Genetic Absence Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), Epilepsia, vol.15, issue.4, pp.301-308, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/ng1195-241

B. Santoro, S. Chen, A. Luthi, P. Pavlidis, G. P. Shumyatsky et al., Molecular and functional heterogeneity of hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker channels in the mouse CNS, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.20, pp.5264-5275, 2000.

I. E. Scheffer and S. F. Berkovic, The genetics of human epilepsy, Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, vol.24, issue.8, pp.428-433, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-6147(03)00194-9

T. Seidenbecher and H. Pape, Contribution of intralaminar thalamic nuclei to spike-and-wave-discharges during spontaneous seizures in a genetic rat model of absence epilepsy, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.96, issue.8, pp.1537-1546, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00123.x

K. Semba, H. Szechtman, and B. R. Komisaruk, Synchrony among rhythmical facial tremor, neocortical ???ALPHA??? waves, and thalamic non-sensory neuronal bursts in intact awake rats, Brain Research, vol.195, issue.2, pp.281-298, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(80)90065-7

F. Z. Shaw and Y. F. Liao, Relation Between Activities of the Cortex and Vibrissae Muscles During High-Voltage Rhythmic Spike Discharges in Rats, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.93, issue.5, pp.2435-2448, 2005.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00999.2004

L. R. Silva, Y. Amitai, and B. W. Connors, Intrinsic oscillations of neocortex generated by layer 5 pyramidal neurons, Science, vol.251, issue.4992, pp.432-435, 1991.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1824881

E. Sitnikova and G. Van-luijtelaar, Cortical control of generalized absence seizures: effect of lidocaine applied to the somatosensory cortex in WAG/Rij rats, Brain Research, vol.1012, issue.1-2, pp.127-137, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.03.041

S. J. Slaght, N. Leresche, J. M. Deniau, V. Crunelli, and S. Charpier, Activity of thalamic reticular neurons during spontaneous genetically determined spike and wave discharges, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.22, pp.2323-2334, 2002.

O. C. Snead, A. Depaulis, M. Vergnes, and C. Marescaux, Absence epilepsy: advances in experimental animal models, Advances in Neurology, vol.79, pp.253-278, 1999.

O. C. Snead and . Iii, Ganaxolone, a selective, high-affinity steroid modulator of the ?-aminobutyric acid-A receptor, exacerbates seizures in animal models of absence, Annals of Neurology, vol.313, issue.4, pp.688-691, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/ana.410440417

I. Song, D. Kim, S. Choi, M. Sun, Y. Kim et al., Role of the ??1G T-Type Calcium Channel in Spontaneous Absence Seizures in Mutant Mice, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.24, issue.22, pp.5249-5257, 2004.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5546-03.2004

R. Spreafico, M. De-curtis, C. Frassoni, and G. Avanzini, Electrophysiological characteristics of morphologically identified reticular thalamic neurons from rat slices, Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.2, pp.629-638, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4522(88)90294-1

R. Staak and H. C. Pape, Contribution of GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors to thalamic neuronal activity during spontaneous absence seizures in rats, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.21, pp.1378-1384, 2001.

O. K. Steinlein, Genes and mutations in human idiopathic epilepsy, Brain and Development, vol.26, issue.4, pp.213-218, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0387-7604(03)00149-9

M. Steriade, Coherent oscillations and short-term plasticity in corticothalamic networks, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.22, issue.8, pp.337-345, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0166-2236(99)01407-1

M. Steriade, The Intact and Sliced Brain, 2001.

M. Steriade, The GABAergic reticular nucleus: A preferential target of corticothalamic projections, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 98, pp.3625-3627, 2001.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.071051998

M. Steriade and D. Contreras, Relations between cortical and thalamic cellular events during transition from sleep patterns to paroxysmal activity, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.15, pp.623-642, 1995.

U. Strauss, M. H. Kole, A. U. Brauer, J. Pahnke, R. Bajorat et al., An impaired neocortical Ih is associated with enhanced excitability and absence epilepsy, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.83, issue.11, pp.3048-3058, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/35081088

L. M. Stroud, T. J. O-'brien, B. Jupp, C. Wallengren, and M. J. Morris, Neuropeptide Y suppresses absence seizures in a genetic rat model, Brain Research, vol.1033, issue.2, pp.151-156, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.11.022

E. M. Talley, G. Solorzano, A. Depaulis, E. Perez-reyes, and D. A. Bayliss, Low-voltage-activated calcium channel subunit expression in a genetic model of absence epilepsy in the rat, Molecular Brain Research, vol.75, issue.1, pp.159-165, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-328X(99)00307-1

C. Tallon-baudry, O. Bertrand, C. Delpuech, and J. Permier, Oscillatory gamma-band (30?70Hz) activity induced by a visual search task in humans, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.17, pp.722-734, 1997.

I. Timofeev, M. Bazhenov, T. Sejnowski, and M. Steriade, Cortical hyperpolarization-activated depolarizing current takes part in the generation of focal paroxysmal activities, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 99, pp.9533-9537, 2002.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.132259899

E. Tsakiridou, L. Bertollini, M. De-curtis, G. Avanzini, and H. C. Pape, Selective increase in T-type calcium conductance of reticular thalamic neurons in a rat model of absence epilepsy, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.15, pp.3110-3117, 1995.

M. Vergnes, C. Marescaux, and A. Depaulis, Mapping of spontaneous spike and wave discharges in Wistar rats with genetic generalized non-convulsive epilepsy, Brain Research, vol.523, issue.1, pp.87-91, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91638-W

M. Vergnes and C. Marescaux, Cortical and thalamic lesions in rats with genetic absence epilepsy, Journal of Neural Transmission, vol.35, pp.71-83, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-9206-1_5

M. Vergnes, C. Marescaux, G. Micheletti, J. Reis, A. Depaulis et al., Spontaneous paroxysmal electroclinical patterns in rat: A model of generalized non-convulsive epilepsy, Neuroscience Letters, vol.33, issue.1, pp.97-101, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3940(82)90136-7

M. Von-krosigk, T. Bal, and D. A. Mccormick, Cellular mechanisms of a synchronized oscillation in the thalamus, Science, vol.261, issue.5119, pp.361-364, 1993.
DOI : 10.1126/science.8392750

R. H. Wallace, C. Marini, S. Petrou, L. A. Harkin, D. N. Bowser et al., Mutant GABA(A) receptor gamma2-subunit in childhood absence epilepsy and febrile seizures, Nature Genetics, vol.28, pp.49-52, 2001.

C. Wallengren, S. Li, M. J. Morris, B. Jupp, O. Brien et al., Aggravation of Absence Seizures by Carbamazepine in a Genetic Rat Model Does Not Induce Neuronal c-Fos Activation, Clinical Neuropharmacology, vol.28, issue.2, pp.60-65, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/01.wnf.0000159955.87511.bc

J. Wang, S. Chen, M. F. Nolan, and S. A. Siegelbaum, Activity-Dependent Regulation of HCN Pacemaker Channels by Cyclic AMP, Neuron, vol.36, issue.3, pp.451-461, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)00968-6

D. Williams, A STUDY OF THALAMIC AND CORTICAL RHYTHMS IN PETIT MAL, Brain, vol.76, issue.1, pp.50-69, 1953.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/76.1.50

Z. W. Zhang and M. Deschênes, Intracortical axonal projections of lamina VI cells of the primary somatosensory cortex in the rat: a single-cell labeling study, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.17, pp.6365-6379, 1997.