M. Beauchamp, K. Lee, B. Argall, and A. Martin, Integration of Auditory and Visual Information about Objects in Superior Temporal Sulcus, Neuron, vol.41, issue.5, pp.809-823, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00070-4

L. Bernstein, E. Auer, . Jr, J. Moore, C. Ponton et al., Visual speech perception without primary auditory cortex activation, Neuroreport, vol.13, issue.3, pp.311-315, 2002.
DOI : 10.1097/00001756-200203040-00013

J. Besle, A. Fort, and M. Giard, Interest and validity of the additive model in electrophysiological studies of multisensory interactions, Cognitive Processing, vol.5, issue.3, pp.189-192, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s10339-004-0026-y
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00077899

J. Besle, A. Fort, C. Delpuech, and M. Giard, Bimodal speech: early suppressive visual effects in human auditory cortex, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.26, issue.8, pp.2225-2234, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/1469-8986.3720190
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00077887

R. Blair and W. Karniski, An alternative method for significance testing of waveform difference potentials, Psychophysiology, vol.40, issue.5, pp.518-524, 1993.
DOI : 10.1037//0033-2909.111.2.352

D. Bulkin and J. Groh, Seeing sounds: visual and auditory interactions in the brain, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, vol.16, issue.4, pp.415-419, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.conb.2006.06.008

G. Calvert and R. Campbell, Reading Speech from Still and Moving Faces: The Neural Substrates of Visible Speech, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol.21, issue.1, pp.57-70, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-6393(98)00048-X

G. Calvert, E. Bullmore, M. Brammer, R. Campbell, S. Williams et al., Activation of Auditory Cortex During Silent Lipreading, Science, vol.276, issue.5312, pp.593-596, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.276.5312.593

G. Calvert, R. Campbell, and M. Brammer, Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging of crossmodal binding in the human heteromodal cortex, Current Biology, vol.10, issue.11, pp.649-657, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-9822(00)00513-3

R. Campbell, M. Macsweeney, S. Surguladze, G. Calvert, P. Mcguire et al., Cortical substrates for the perception of face actions: an fMRI study of the specificity of activation for seen speech and for meaningless lower-face acts (gurning), Cognitive Brain Research, vol.12, issue.2, pp.233-243, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0926-6410(01)00054-4

C. Cappe and P. Barone, Heteromodal connections supporting multisensory integration at low levels of cortical processing in the monkey, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.6, issue.11, pp.2886-2902, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04462.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00111035

J. Cotton, NORMAL "VISUAL HEARING", Science, vol.82, issue.2138, pp.592-593, 1935.
DOI : 10.1126/science.82.2138.592

G. Avossa, M. Tosetti, S. Crespi, L. Biagi, D. Burr et al., Spatiotopic selectivity of BOLD responses to visual motion in human area MT, Nature Neuroscience, vol.8, issue.2, pp.249-255, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nn1824

A. Ghazanfar and C. Schroeder, Is neocortex essentially multisensory?, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.10, issue.6, pp.278-285, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tics.2006.04.008

A. Ghazanfar, J. Maier, K. Hoffman, and N. Logothetis, Multisensory Integration of Dynamic Faces and Voices in Rhesus Monkey Auditory Cortex, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.20, pp.5004-5012, 2005.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0799-05.2005

M. Giard and F. Peronnet, Auditory-Visual Integration during Multimodal Object Recognition in Humans: A Behavioral and Electrophysiological Study, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol.76, issue.5, pp.473-490, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-4694(75)90073-5

B. Godey, D. Schwartz, J. De-graaf, P. Chauvel, and C. Liégeois-chauvel, Neuromagnetic source localization of auditory evoked fields and intracerebral evoked potentials: a comparison of data in the same patients, Clinical Neurophysiology, vol.112, issue.10, pp.1850-1859, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1388-2457(01)00636-8

T. Hackett, D. La-mothe, L. Ulbert, I. Karmos, G. Smiley et al., Multisensory convergence in auditory cortex, II. Thalamocortical connections of the caudal superior temporal plane, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.11, issue.6, pp.924-952, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.21326

R. Hishida, K. Hoshino, M. Kudoh, M. Norita, and K. Shibuki, Anisotropic functional connections between the auditory cortex and area 18a in rat cerebral slices, Neuroscience Research, vol.46, issue.2, pp.171-182, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-0102(03)00059-2

P. Lakatos, C. Chen, O. Connell, M. Mills, A. Schroeder et al., Neuronal Oscillations and Multisensory Interaction in Primary Auditory Cortex, Neuron, vol.53, issue.2, pp.279-292, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.12.011

C. Liégeois-chauvel, A. Musolino, J. Badier, P. Marquis, and P. Chauvel, Evoked potentials recorded from the auditory cortex in man: evaluation and topography of the middle latency components, Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Evoked Potentials Section, vol.92, issue.3, pp.204-214, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-5597(94)90064-7

M. Macsweeney, E. Amaro, G. Calvert, R. Campbell, A. David et al., Silent speechreading in the absence of scanner noise, NeuroReport, vol.11, issue.8, pp.1729-1733, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00001756-200006050-00026

M. Macsweeney, R. Campbell, G. Calvert, P. Mcguire, A. David et al., Dispersed activation in the left temporal cortex for speech-reading in congenitally deaf people, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.268, issue.1466, pp.451-457, 2001.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.2000.0393

M. Macsweeney, G. Calvert, R. Campbell, P. Mcguire, A. David et al., Speechreading circuits in people born deaf, Neuropsychologia, vol.40, issue.7, pp.801-807, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0028-3932(01)00180-4

B. Manly, L. Mcalevey, and D. Stevens, A randomization procedure for comparing group means on multiple measurements, British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, vol.39, issue.2, pp.183-189, 1986.
DOI : 10.1111/j.2044-8317.1986.tb00855.x

H. Mcgurk and J. Macdonald, Hearing lips and seeing voices, Nature, vol.65, issue.5588, pp.746-748, 1976.
DOI : 10.1038/264746a0

L. Miller, D. Esposito, and M. , Perceptual Fusion and Stimulus Coincidence in the Cross-Modal Integration of Speech, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.25, pp.5884-5893, 2005.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0896-05.2005

R. Möttönen, M. Schürmann, and M. Sams, Time course of multisensory interactions during audiovisual speech perception in humans: a magnetoencephalographic study, Neuroscience Letters, vol.363, issue.2, pp.112-115, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.03.076

R. Näätänen and I. Winkler, The concept of auditory stimulus representation in cognitive neuroscience., Psychological Bulletin, vol.125, issue.6, pp.826-859, 1999.
DOI : 10.1037/0033-2909.125.6.826

I. Olson, J. Gatenby, and J. Gore, A comparison of bound and unbound audio???visual information processing in the human cerebral cortex, Cognitive Brain Research, vol.14, issue.1, pp.129-138, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0926-6410(02)00067-8

E. Paulesu, D. Perani, V. Blasi, G. Silani, N. Borghese et al., A Functional-Anatomical Model for Lipreading, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.90, issue.3, pp.2005-2013, 2003.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.00926.2002

J. Pekkola, V. Ojanen, T. Autti, I. Jääskeläinen, R. Möttönen et al., Primary auditory cortex activation by visual speech: an fMRI study at 3???T, NeuroReport, vol.16, issue.2, pp.125-128, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/00001756-200502080-00010

A. Puce and T. Allison, Differential processing of mobile and static faces by temporal cortex, Neuroimage, vol.6, p.801, 1999.

A. Puce, T. Allison, S. Bentin, J. Gore, and G. Mccarthy, Temporal cortex activation in humans viewing eye and mouth movements, J Neurosci, vol.18, pp.2188-2199, 1998.

C. Schroeder, P. Lakatos, Y. Kajikawa, S. Partan, and A. Puce, Neuronal oscillations and visual amplification of speech, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.12, issue.3, pp.106-113, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.002

J. Schwartz, F. Berthommier, and C. Savariaux, Seeing to hear better: evidence for early audio-visual interactions in speech identification, Cognition, vol.93, issue.2, pp.69-78, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cognition.2004.01.006
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00186797

J. Skipper, S. Goldin-meadow, H. Nusbaum, and S. Small, Speech-associated gestures, Broca???s area, and the human mirror system, Brain and Language, vol.101, issue.3, pp.260-277, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bandl.2007.02.008
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2703472

B. Stein and M. Meredith, The merging of the senses, 1993.

J. Stekelenburg and J. Vroomen, Neural Correlates of Multisensory Integration of Ecologically Valid Audiovisual Events, Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol.15, issue.12, pp.1964-1973, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nn1263

J. Talairach, P. Tournoux, V. Van-wassenhove, K. Grant, and D. Poeppel, Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain New York: Thieme Medical Visual speech speeds up the neural processing of auditory speech, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.102, pp.1181-1186, 1988.

B. Yvert, C. Fischer, O. Bertrand, and J. Pernier, Localization of human supratemporal auditory areas from intracerebral auditory evoked potentials using distributed source models, NeuroImage, vol.28, issue.1, pp.140-153, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.05.056