J. Riedler, C. Braun-fahrlander, W. Eder, M. Schreuer, M. Waser et al., Exposure to farming in early life and development of asthma and allergy: a cross-sectional survey, The Lancet, vol.358, issue.9288, pp.1129-1133, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06252-3

V. Ehrenstein, O. , V. Mutius, E. Illi, S. Baumann et al., Reduced risk of hay fever and asthma among children of farmers, Clinical <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Experimental Allergy, vol.98, issue.2, pp.187-193, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00479.x

F. Kauffmann, M. Oryszczyn, and J. Maccario, The protective role of country living on skin prick tests, immunoglobulin E and asthma in adults from the Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and atopy, Clinical <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Experimental Allergy, vol.32, issue.3, pp.379-386, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)01151-3

M. Kilpelainen, E. Terho, H. Helenius, and M. Koskenvuo, Childhood farm environment and asthma and sensitization in young adulthood, Allergy, vol.104, issue.12, pp.1130-1135, 2002.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1399-3003.2000.15b26.x

B. Leynaert, C. Neukirch, D. Jarvis, S. Chinn, P. Burney et al., Does Living on a Farm during Childhood Protect against Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopy in Adulthood?, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.164, issue.10, pp.1829-1834, 2001.
DOI : 10.1164/ajrccm.164.10.2103137

L. Portengen, T. Sigsgaard, O. Omland, C. Hjort, D. Heederik et al., Low prevalence of atopy in young Danish farmers and farming students born and raised on a farm, 7. von Mutius E. Allergies, infections and the hygiene hypothesis--the epidemiological evidence, pp.247-253433, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(98)09344-1

I. Yang, K. Fong, S. Holgate, and J. Holloway, The role of Toll-like receptors and related receptors of the innate immune system in asthma, Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.6, issue.1, pp.23-28, 2006.
DOI : 10.1097/01.all.0000200503.77295.bb

G. Zhang, J. Goldblatt, and P. Lesouef, Does the relationship between IgE and the CD14 gene depend on ethnicity?, Allergy, vol.171, issue.11, pp.1411-1418, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01804.x

M. Baldini, I. Lohman, M. Halonen, R. Erickson, P. Holt et al., A Polymorphism* in the 5 ??? Flanking Region of the CD14 Gene Is Associated with Circulating Soluble CD14 Levels and with Total Serum Immunoglobulin E, American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, vol.20, issue.5, pp.976-983, 1999.
DOI : 10.1165/ajrcmb.20.5.3494

T. Levan, J. Bloom, T. Bailey, C. Karp, M. Halonen et al., A Common Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the CD14 Promoter Decreases the Affinity of Sp Protein Binding and Enhances Transcriptional Activity, The Journal of Immunology, vol.167, issue.10, pp.5838-5844, 2001.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.167.10.5838

M. Kedda, F. Lose, D. Duffy, E. Bell, P. Thompson et al., The CD14 C-159T polymorphism is not associated with asthma or asthma severity in an Australian adult population Association of a promoter polymorphism of the CD14 gene and atopy, Thorax Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.60163, issue.13, pp.211-214965, 2001.

C. Ober, A. Tsalenko, R. Parry, and N. Cox, A second-generation genomewide screen for asthmasusceptibility alleles in a founder population, Am J Hum Genet, vol.67, pp.1154-1162, 2000.

F. Martinez, CD14, Endotoxin, and Asthma Risk: Actions and Interactions, Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society, vol.4, issue.3, pp.221-225, 2007.
DOI : 10.1513/pats.200702-035AW

W. Eder, W. Klimecki, L. Yu, V. Mutius, E. Riedler et al., Toll-like receptor 2 as a major gene for asthma in children of European farmers, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.113, issue.3, pp.482-488, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.12.374

C. Bieli, W. Eder, R. Frei, C. Braun-fahrlander, W. Klimecki et al., A polymorphism in CD14 modifies the effect of farm milk consumption on allergic diseases and CD14 gene expression, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.120, issue.6, pp.1308-1315, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.07.034

M. Werner, R. Topp, K. Wimmer, K. Richter, W. Bischof et al., TLR4 gene variants modify endotoxin effects on asthma, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.112, issue.2, pp.323-330, 2003.
DOI : 10.1067/mai.2003.1648

H. Cordell and D. Clayton, Genetic association studies, The Lancet, vol.366, issue.9491, pp.1121-1152, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67424-7

C. Braun-fahrlander, J. Riedler, U. Herz, W. Eder, M. Waser et al., Environmental Exposure to Endotoxin and Its Relation to Asthma in School-Age Children, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.347, issue.12, pp.869-877, 2002.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa020057

J. Douwes, N. Pearce, and D. Heederik, Does environmental endotoxin exposure prevent asthma?, Thorax, vol.57, issue.1, pp.86-90, 2002.
DOI : 10.1136/thorax.57.1.86

L. Smit, D. Heederik, G. Doekes, C. Blom, I. Van-zweden et al., Exposure-response analysis of allergy and respiratory symptoms in endotoxin-exposed adults, European Respiratory Journal, vol.31, issue.6, pp.1241-1248, 2008.
DOI : 10.1183/09031936.00090607

L. Smit, V. Siroux, E. Bouzigon, M. Oryszczyn, F. Demenais et al., CD14 and Toll-like receptor gene polymorphisms, country living during childhood, and asthma in adults of the French EGEA study [abstract] EGEA (Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy)--design issues. EGEA Co-operative group, Eur Respir J Clin Exp Allergy, vol.25, issue.2, pp.19-22, 1995.

F. Kauffmann, M. Dizier, I. Pin, E. Paty, F. Gormand et al., Epidemiological Study of the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness, and Atopy, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.156, issue.4, pp.123-129, 1997.
DOI : 10.1164/ajrccm.156.4.12tac9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00596474

F. Kauffmann, M. Dizier, I. Annesi-maesano, J. Bousquet, D. Charpin et al., EGEA (Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy)--descriptive characteristics, Clin Exp Allergy, vol.29, issue.4, pp.17-21, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00596450

F. Kauffmann, M. Dizier, I. Annesi-maesano, J. Bousquet, D. Charpin et al., Epidemiological study of genetic and environmental factors in asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy. Protocol and potential selection bias], Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, vol.49, pp.343-356, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00596430

J. Maccario, M. Oryszczyn, D. Charpin, and F. Kauffmann, Methodologic aspects of the quantification of skin prick test responses: The EGEA study, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.111, issue.4, pp.750-756, 2003.
DOI : 10.1067/mai.2003.1386

Y. Benjamini and Y. Hochberg, Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing, J R Statist Soc B, vol.57, pp.289-300, 1995.

S. Horvath, X. Xu, and N. Laird, The family based association test method: strategies for studying general genotype???phenotype associations, European Journal of Human Genetics, vol.9, issue.4, pp.301-306, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200625

E. Noguchi, F. Nishimura, H. Fukai, J. Kim, K. Ichikawa et al., An association study of asthma and total serum immunoglobin E levels for Toll-like receptor polymorphisms in a Japanese population, Clinical <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Experimental Allergy, vol.165, issue.2, pp.177-183, 2004.
DOI : 10.1086/342845

L. Smit, S. Bongers, H. Ruven, G. Rijkers, I. Wouters et al., Atopy and new-onset asthma in young Danish farmers and CD14, TLR2, and TLR4 genetic polymorphisms: a nested case-control study, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, vol.9, issue.11, pp.1602-1608, 2007.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01606.x

S. Roy, A. Schiltz, A. Marotta, Y. Shen, and A. Liu, Bacterial DNA in house and farm barn dust, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.112, issue.3, pp.571-578, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0091-6749(03)01863-3

R. Lazarus, W. Klimecki, B. Raby, D. Vercelli, L. Palmer et al., Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the Toll-like receptor 9 gene (TLR9): frequencies, pairwise linkage disequilibrium, and haplotypes in three U.S. ethnic groups and exploratory case???control disease association studies??????This work was supported by Programs for Genomic Applications, Grant U01 HL66795, Innate Immunity in Heart, Lung and Blood Disease, from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute., Genomics, vol.81, issue.1, pp.85-91, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0888-7543(02)00022-8

B. Berghofer, T. Frommer, I. Konig, A. Ziegler, T. Chakraborty et al., Common human Toll-like receptor 9 polymorphisms and haplotypes: association with atopy and functional relevance, Clinical <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Experimental Allergy, vol.101, issue.9, pp.1147-1154, 2005.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1031605100

D. Vercelli, Discovering susceptibility genes for asthma and allergy, Nature Reviews Immunology, vol.114, issue.3, pp.169-182, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nri2257

W. Eder, W. Klimecki, L. Yu, E. Von-mutius, J. Riedler et al., The Allergy and Endotoxin Alex Study Team. Opposite effects of CD14/-260 on serum IgE levels in children raised in different environments Endotoxin exposure, CD14, and allergic disease: an interaction between genes and the environment, J Allergy Clin Immunol Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.116174, pp.601-607386, 2005.

J. Gern, C. Reardon, S. Hoffjan, D. Nicolae, Z. Li et al., Effects of dog ownership and genotype on immune development and atopy in infancy???, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.113, issue.2, pp.307-314, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.11.017

R. Bottema, N. Reijmerink, M. Kerkhof, G. Koppelman, F. Stelma et al., Interleukin 13, CD14, pet and tobacco smoke influence atopy in three Dutch cohorts: the allergenic study, European Respiratory Journal, vol.32, issue.3, pp.593-602, 2008.
DOI : 10.1183/09031936.00162407

F. Kauffmann, M. Dizier, I. Pin, E. Paty, F. Gormand et al., Epidemiological Study of the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness, and Atopy, Bold: interaction p<0.05, pp.123-129, 1997.
DOI : 10.1164/ajrccm.156.4.12tac9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00596474

F. Kauffmann, M. Oryszczyn, and J. Maccario, The protective role of country living on skin prick tests, immunoglobulin E and asthma in adults from the Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and atopy, Clinical <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Experimental Allergy, vol.32, issue.3, pp.379-386, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)01151-3

E. Siroux, V. , L. Moual, N. Rage, E. Ferran et al., Twelve-year follow-up of asthma, FEV1 and bronchial-hyperresponsiveness in children and adults in the Epidemiological study on Genetics and Environment of asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and atopy ? Preliminary results [abstract], Am J Respir Crit Care Med, vol.175, pp.828-832, 2007.

S. Horvath, X. Xu, and N. Laird, The family based association test method: strategies for studying general genotype???phenotype associations, European Journal of Human Genetics, vol.9, issue.4, pp.301-306, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200625