Y. Assaf, A. Holokovsky, E. Berman, Y. Shapira, E. Shohami et al., Diffusion and Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Following Closed Head Injury in Rats, Journal of Neurotrauma, vol.16, issue.12, pp.1165-76, 1999.
DOI : 10.1089/neu.1999.16.1165

P. Barzo, A. Marmarou, P. Fatouros, K. Hayasaki, and F. Corwin, Contribution of vasogenic and cellular edema to traumatic brain swelling measured by diffusion-weighted imaging, Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.87, issue.6, pp.900-907, 1997.
DOI : 10.3171/jns.1997.87.6.0900

R. Bauman, J. Widholm, and J. Long, Secondary hypoxia exacerbates acute disruptions of energy metabolism in rats resulting from fluid percussion injury, Behavioural Brain Research, vol.160, issue.1, pp.25-33, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.11.031

A. Beaumont, A. Marmarou, K. Hayasaki, P. Barzo, P. Fatouros et al., The Permissive Nature of Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) Opening in Edema Formation Following Traumatic Brain Injury, Acta Neurochir, vol.76, pp.125-129, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-6346-7_26

A. Beaumont, P. Fatouros, P. Gennarelli, F. Corwin, and A. Marmarou, Bolus tracer delivery measured by MRI confirms edema without blood-brain barrier permeability in diffuse traumatic brain injury, Acta Neurochir, vol.96, pp.171-175, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/3-211-30714-1_38

L. Beni-adani, I. Gozes, Y. Cohen, Y. Assaf, R. Steingart et al., A peptide derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) ameliorates injury response in closed head injury in mice, J Pharmacol Exp Ther, vol.296, issue.1, pp.57-63, 2001.

V. Besson, X. Chen, M. Plotkine, and C. Marchand-verrecchia, Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?? agonist, exerts neuroprotective effects in traumatic brain injury, Neuroscience Letters, vol.388, issue.1, pp.7-12, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.06.019

A. Haase, Snapshot flash mri. applications to t1, t2, and chemical-shift imaging, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.42, issue.1, pp.77-89, 1990.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910130109

C. Hanstock, A. Faden, M. Bendall, and R. Vink, Diffusion-weighted imaging differentiates ischemic tissue from traumatized tissue, Stroke, vol.25, issue.4, pp.843-851, 1994.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.25.4.843

K. Hendrich, P. Kochanek, D. Williams, J. Schiding, D. Marion et al., Early perfusion after controlled cortical impact in rats: Quantification by arterial spin-labeled MRI and the influence of spin-lattice relaxation time heterogeneity, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.91, issue.4, pp.673-81, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199910)42:4<673::AID-MRM8>3.0.CO;2-B

J. Hennig, A. Nauerth, and H. Friedburg, RARE imaging: A fast imaging method for clinical MR, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.10, issue.6, pp.823-856, 1986.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910030602

K. Hergan, P. Schaefer, A. Sorensen, R. Gonzalez, and T. Huisman, Diffusion-weighted MRI in diffuse axonal injury of the brain, European Radiology, vol.12, issue.10, pp.2536-2541, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00330-002-1333-2

T. Huisman, Diffusion-weighted imaging: basic concepts and application in cerebral stroke and head trauma, European Radiology, vol.13, issue.10, pp.2283-2297, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00330-003-1843-6

J. Ito, A. Marmarou, P. Barzo, P. Fatouros, and F. Corwin, Characterization of edema by diffusion-weighted imaging in experimental traumatic brain injury, Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.84, issue.1, pp.97-103, 1996.
DOI : 10.3171/jns.1996.84.1.0097

T. Kawamata, Y. Katayama, D. Hovda, A. Yoshino, and D. Becker, Lactate accumulation following concussive brain injury: the role of ionic fluxes induced by excitatory amino acids, Brain Research, vol.674, issue.2, pp.196-204, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(94)01444-M

A. Kay and G. Teasdale, Head Injury in the United Kingdom, World Journal of Surgery, vol.25, issue.9, pp.1210-1220, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s00268-001-0084-6

I. Klatzo, Pathophysiological aspects of brain edema, Acta Neuropathologica, vol.66, issue.3, pp.236-239, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00691095

H. Laurer, P. Lenzlinger, and T. Mcintosh, Models of Traumatic Brain Injury, European Journal of Trauma, vol.26, issue.3, pp.995-1000, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s000680050007

L. Bihan, D. Breton, E. Lallemand, D. Grenier, P. Cabanis et al., MR imaging of intravoxel incoherent motions: application to diffusion and perfusion in neurologic disorders., Radiology, vol.161, issue.2, pp.401-407, 1986.
DOI : 10.1148/radiology.161.2.3763909

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00349714

R. Leker and E. Shohami, Cerebral ischemia and trauma???different etiologies yet similar mechanisms: neuroprotective opportunities, Brain Research Reviews, vol.39, issue.1, p.55, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00157-1

A. Pasco, T. Minassian, A. Chapon, C. Lemaire, L. Franconi et al., Dynamics of cerebral edema and the apparent diffusion coefficient of water changes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. A prospective MRI study, European Radiology, vol.23, issue.7, pp.1501-1509, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00330-005-0086-0

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00175262

M. Reinert, A. Khaldi, A. Zauner, E. Doppenberg, S. Choi et al., High level of extracellular potassium and its correlates after severe human head injury: relationship to high intracranial pressure, Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.93, issue.5, pp.800-807, 2000.
DOI : 10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0800

M. Reinert, B. Schaller, H. Widmer, R. Seiler, and R. Bullock, Influence of oxygen therapy on glucose???lactate metabolism after diffuse brain injury, Journal of Neurosurgery, vol.101, issue.2, pp.323-332, 2004.
DOI : 10.3171/jns.2004.101.2.0323

J. Sahuquillo, M. Poca, and S. Amoros, Current Aspects of Pathophysiology and Cell Dysfunction after Severe Head Injury, Current Pharmaceutical Design, vol.7, issue.15, pp.1475-1503, 2001.
DOI : 10.2174/1381612013397311

G. Schneider, P. Fries, D. Wagner-jochem, D. Thome, H. Laurer et al., Pathophysiological changes after traumatic brain injury: comparison of two experimental animal models by means of MRI, Magn Reson Phys Mater, pp.233-241, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1352-8661(02)00068-6

Q. Shen, H. Ren, H. Cheng, M. Fisher, and T. Duong, Functional, Perfusion and Diffusion MRI of acute Focal Ischemic Brain Injury, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol.51, issue.10, pp.1265-79, 2005.
DOI : 10.1097/00004647-200104000-00013

Q. Shen, H. Ren, M. Fisher, and T. Duong, Statistical Prediction of Tissue Fate in Acute Ischemic Brain Injury, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol.17, issue.10, pp.1336-1345, 2005.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.89.1.212

E. Stejskal and J. Tanner, Spin Diffusion Measurements: Spin Echoes in the Presence of a Time???Dependent Field Gradient, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.42, issue.1, pp.288-292, 1965.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1695690

C. Simonsen, Ø. L. Vestergaard-poulsen, P. Rohl, L. Bjornerud, A. Gyldensted et al., CBF and CBV measurements by USPIO bolus tracking: Reproducibility and comparison with Gd-based values, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.7, issue.2, pp.342-347, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2586(199902)9:2<342::AID-JMRI29>3.0.CO;2-B

D. Thurman, C. Alverson, K. Dunn, J. Guerrero, and J. Sniezek, Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: A Public Health Perspective, Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol.14, issue.6, pp.602-615, 1999.
DOI : 10.1097/00001199-199912000-00009

A. Unterberg, J. Stover, B. Kress, and K. Kiening, Edema and brain trauma, Neuroscience, vol.129, issue.4, pp.1021-1029, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.06.046

H. Van-putten, M. Bouwhuis, J. Muizelaar, B. Lyeth, and R. Berman, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of Edema following Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats: Effects of Secondary Hypoxia, Journal of Neurotrauma, vol.22, issue.8, pp.857-72, 2005.
DOI : 10.1089/neu.2005.22.857

M. Viant, B. Lyeth, M. Miller, and R. Berman, An NMR metabolomic investigation of early metabolic disturbances following traumatic brain injury in a mammalian model, NMR in Biomedicine, vol.22, issue.8, pp.507-523, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/nbm.980

A. Villringer, B. Rosen, J. Belliveau, J. Ackerman, R. Lauffer et al., Dynamic imaging with lanthanide chelates in normal brain: Contrast due to magnetic susceptibility effects, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.7, issue.2, pp.164-174, 1988.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910060205

A. Vonarbourg, A. Sapin, L. Lemaire, F. Franconi, P. Menei et al., Characterization and detection of experimental rat gliomas using magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine, vol.4, issue.3-6, pp.6-133, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s10334-004-0049-5

V. Windle, A. Szymanska, S. Granter-button, C. White, R. Buist et al., An analysis of four different methods of producing focal cerebral ischemia with endothelin-1 in the rat, Experimental Neurology, vol.201, issue.2, pp.324-334, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.04.012

I. Yamakami and T. Mcintosh, Alterations in Regional Cerebral Blood Flow following Brain Injury in the Rat, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol.4, issue.4, pp.655-660, 1991.
DOI : 10.1136/jcp.33.12.1132