J. D. Hooge, A. Heimdal, F. Jamal, T. Kukulski, B. Bijnens et al., Regional strain and strain rate measurements by cardiac ultrasound: principles, 662 implementation and limitationsMyocardial strain by Doppler 664 echocardiography. Validation of a new method to quantify regional myocardial function, European Journal of Echocardiography Circulation, vol.13, issue.102, pp.154-70, 2000.

A. Heimdal, A. Stoylen, H. Torp, and T. Skjaerpe, Real-Time Strain Rate Imaging of the Left Ventricle by Ultrasound, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography, vol.11, issue.11, pp.1013-1022, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0894-7317(98)70151-8

E. Donal, P. Raud-raynier, D. Coisne, J. Allal, D. Herpin et al., Tissue Doppler echocardiographic quantification. Comparison to coronary angiography results in Acute Coronary Syndrome patients, Cardiovascular Ultrasound, vol.38, issue.8, pp.10-671, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01598-4

T. Edvardsen, B. L. Gerber, J. Garot, D. A. Bluemke, J. A. Lima et al., Quantitative 676 assessment of intrinsic regional myocardial deformation by Doppler strain rate echocardiography in 677 humans: validation against three-dimensional tagged magnetic resonance imaging, Circulation, vol.6787, pp.106-50, 2002.

M. Guarini, J. Urzua, A. Cipriano, and W. Gonzalez, Estimation of cardiac function from computer analysis of the arterial pressure waveform, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol.45, issue.12, pp.1420-1428, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/10.730436

J. L. Palladino, A. L. Noordergraaf-]-a, A. F. Hodgkin, and . Huxley, A paradigm for quantifying ventricular contraction Cellular 686 and Molecular Biology LettersA quantitative description of membrane current and its 688 application to conduction and excitation in nerveReconstruction of the action potential of ventricular myocardial 691 fibresA dynamic model of the cardiac ventricular action potential, Journal of Physiology Journal of Physiology, vol.7, issue.268, pp.331-336, 1977.

]. R. Afterdepolarizations, J. Winslow, S. Rice, E. Jafri, B. Marban et al., Mechanisms of altered excitation- 696 contraction coupling in canine tachycardia-induced heart failure, II: model studiesImpulses and physiological states in theoretical models of nerve membrane, Circulation 697 Research, pp.1097-694, 1961.

A. L. Bardou, P. M. Auger, P. J. Birkui, and J. L. Chasse, Modeling of cardiac electrophysiological 701 mechanisms: from action potential genesis to its propagation in myocardium Critical Reviews? in 702Monodomain Simulations of Excitation and 704 Recovery in Cardiac Blocks with Intramural Heterogeneity, Funcional Imaging and Modeling of 705 the Heart (FIMH), pp.141-221, 1996.

C. S. Henriquez and R. Plonsey, Simulation of propagation along a cylindrical bundle of cardiac 707 tissue--I: Mathematical formulation, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol.37, pp.708-850, 1990.

C. D. Werner, F. B. Sachse, and O. Dossel, Electrical excitation propagation in the human heart, International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism, vol.22, pp.711-712, 2000.

P. C. Franzone, L. Guerri, M. Pennacchio, and B. Taccardi, Spread of excitation in 3-D models of the anisotropic cardiac tissue. II. Effects of fiber architecture and ventricular geometry, Mathematical Biosciences, vol.147, issue.2, pp.131-71, 1920.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-5564(97)00093-X

A. F. Huxley, Muscle structure and theories of contraction, Progress biophysics and biophysical 716 chemistry, pp.255-318, 1957.

J. J. Rice, R. L. Winslow, and W. C. Hunter, Comparison of putative cooperative mechanisms in 718 cardiac muscle: length dependence and dynamic responses, American Journal of Physiology, vol.71922, pp.276-1734, 1999.

J. Bestel, F. Clément, and M. Sorine, A biomechanical model of muscle contraction," presented at 721 Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, p.722, 2001.

J. J. Rice, M. S. Jafri, and R. L. Winslow, Modeling short-term interval-force relations in cardiac 723 muscleMyocardial mechanics: application of sliding-filament theory to isovolumic 726 concentration of the left ventricle, American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology Journal of Biomechanics, vol.27825, issue.6, pp.913-944, 1973.

P. J. Hunter, A. D. Mcculloch, H. E. Ter-keurs, P. H. Bovendeerd, P. Borsje et al., Modelling the mechanical properties of cardiac 728 muscleDependence of intramyocardial 730 pressure and coronary flow on ventricular loading and contractility: a model studyHomogeneity of cardiac contraction despite physiological asynchrony of depolarization: a model 734 study, Progress in Biophysics & Molecular Biology Annals 731 Biomedical Engineering annals of biomedical engineering, vol.6928, issue.31, pp.289-331, 1998.

J. D. Humphrey, R. K. Strumpf, and F. C. Yin, Determination of a constitutive relation for passive 736 myocardium: II. Parameter estimation, Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, vol.11229, issue.1990, pp.340-346

P. J. Hunter, Myocardial Constitutive Laws for Continuum Mechanics Models of the Heart, Adv Exp, p.739
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4615-1893-8_30

F. C. Novak, J. D. Yin, E. R. Humphrey-smits, and T. Mcveigh, Regional mechanical properties of passive 741 myocardium 742 [31] I. MirskyAssessment of passive elastic stiffness of cardiac muscle: mathematical concepts, 743 physiologic and clinical considerations, directions of future research, Progress In Cardiovascular 744 Diseases, pp.303-321, 1976.

. Arts, Timing of depolarization and contraction in the paced canine left ventricle: model and 747 experimentHomogenization modeling for the mechanics of perfused 749 myocardium, Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology Progress in Biophysics & Molecular Biology, vol.1434, issue.69, pp.188-95, 1998.

D. Hill, R. Chapelle, . J. Razavi-]-f, A. D. Vetter, and . Mcculloch, Cardiac function estimation from MRI using a heart model and 752 data assimilation: advances and difficultiesThree-dimensional stress and strain in passive rabbit left 754 ventricle: a model study, Medical Image Anals annals of biomedical engineering, vol.103536, issue.28, pp.642-56, 2000.

M. B. Mohr, G. Seemann, F. B. Sachse, and O. Dössel, Volume Modeling of Myocard 756 Deformation with a Spring Mass System, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.267337, pp.332-757, 2003.

B. Chahboune, J. M. Crolet, . Verdonck, and J. A. Vierendeels, Numerical simulation of the blood-wall interaction in the human left 759 ventricleFluid-Structure Interaction Modelling of Left Ventricular 761 Filling, International Conference on Computational Science, pp.291-297, 1998.

M. Sermesant, H. Delingette, and N. Ayache, An electromechanical model of the heart for image analysis and simulation, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol.25, issue.5, pp.612-637, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/TMI.2006.872746

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00614991

M. Courtois, S. J. Kovacs, J. , and P. A. Ludbrook, Transmitral pressure-flow velocity relation, p.768
DOI : 10.1161/01.cir.78.6.1459

]. D. Nickerson, N. Smith, and P. Hunter, New developments in a strongly coupled cardiac 771 electromechanical modelTowards model- 773 based analysis of cardiac MR tagging data: relation between left ventricular shear strain and 774 myofiber orientation, Importance of regional pressure gradients in the left ventricle during diastole, pp.661-71, 1988.

T. Desaive, A. Ghuysen, B. Lambermont, P. Kolh, P. C. Dauby et al., Study of ventricular interaction during pulmonary embolism using clinical 777 identification in a minimum cardiovascular system model, Conference of the IEEE 778 Engineering in Medicine and Biology (EMB), p.779, 2007.

C. E. Silva, L. D. Ferreira, L. B. Peixoto, C. G. Monaco, M. A. Gil et al., Study of the 780 myocardial contraction and relaxation velocities through Doppler tissue imaging echocardiography: 781 A new alternative in the assessment of the segmental ventricular function, Arquivos Brasileiros de 782 Cardiologia, pp.200-211, 2002.

V. Szathmary and R. Osvald, An interactive computer model of propagated activation with 789 analytically defined geometry of ventriclesMechanics of ventricular torsion, Comput Biomed Res Journal of 791 Biomechanics, vol.2749, issue.29, pp.27-38, 1994.

A. I. Hernandez, Fusion de signaux et de modèles pour la caractérisation d'arythmies cardiaques, p.794, 2000.

A. I. Hernandez, G. Carrault, F. Mora, A. Bardou, D. Durrer et al., Model-based interpretation of cardiac beats 795 by evolutionary algorithms: signal and model interactionTotal 798 excitation of the isolated human heart, Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Circulation, vol.79652, issue.41, pp.211-246, 1970.

H. R. Chaudhry, B. Findley, and T. , Stresses and Strains in the Passive Left VentricleLeft ventricular wall and fluid dynamics of cardiac contraction, Mathematical 802 Biosciences, pp.535-554, 1977.

M. Takata, Y. Harasawa, S. Beloucif, and J. L. Robotham, Coupled vs. uncoupled pericardial 804 constraint: effects on cardiac chamber interactions, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol.8355, pp.805-1799, 1997.

M. Ursino and E. Magosso, Acute cardiovascular response to isocapnic hypoxia. I. A mathematical 807 model, American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology, vol.27956, issue.2000, pp.149-65

D. D. Streeter, J. , and W. T. Hanna, Engineering mechanics for successive states in canine left 813 ventricular myocardium. I. Cavity and wall geometry, Circulation Research, vol.3358, issue.1973, pp.639-55

J. H. Holland, Adaptation in natural and artificial systems, p.816, 1975.

D. Beasley, D. R. Bull, R. Martin, D. E. Goldberg, and F. L. Bookstein, An overview of genetic algorithms : Part1, Fundamental Genetic Algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution ProgramsPrincipal Warps: Thin-Plate Splines and the Decomposition of Deformations, 823 IEEE trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, pp.170-181, 1989.

Y. S. Schwartzman, M. Chan, J. J. Tanabe, and . Bax, Usefulness of tissue Doppler velocity and 826 strain dyssynchrony for predicting left ventricular reverse remodeling response after cardiac 827 resynchronization therapy, American Journal of Cardiology, vol.10064, pp.1263-70, 2007.

J. Beshai, R. A. Grimm, S. F. Nagueh, J. H. Baker, S. L. Beau et al., Cardiac-Resynchronization Therapy in Heart Failure with Narrow QRS ComplexesContribution of external forces to left ventricular diastolic pressure, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.830, issue.122, pp.2461-2471, 1995.