N. Bhowmick, E. Neilson, and H. Moses, Stromal fibroblasts in cancer initiation and progression, Nature, vol.124, issue.7015, pp.332-337, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/nrc779

M. Maffini, A. Soto, J. Calabro, A. Ucci, and C. Sonnenschein, The stroma as a crucial target in rat mammary gland carcinogenesis, Journal of Cell Science, vol.117, issue.8, pp.1495-1502, 2004.
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.01000

M. Allinen, R. Beroukhim, and L. Cai, Molecular characterization of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer, Cancer Cell, vol.6, issue.1, pp.17-32, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ccr.2004.06.010

M. Attal, J. Harousseau, and A. Stoppa, A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation and Chemotherapy in Multiple Myeloma, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.335, issue.2, pp.91-97, 1996.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJM199607113350204

M. Attal, J. Harousseau, and T. Facon, Single versus Double Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.349, issue.26, pp.2495-2502, 2003.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa032290

J. Berenson, Myeloma bone disease, Best Practice & Research Clinical Haematology, vol.18, issue.4, pp.653-672, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.beha.2005.03.001

F. Silvestris, P. Cafforio, M. Tucci, D. Grinello, and F. Dammacco, Upregulation of osteoblast apoptosis by malignant plasma cells: a role in myeloma bone disease, British Journal of Haematology, vol.95, issue.1, pp.39-52, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04374.x

F. Silvestris, P. Cafforio, N. Calvani, and F. Dammacco, Impaired osteoblastogenesis in myeloma bone disease: role of upregulated apoptosis by cytokines and malignant plasma cells, British Journal of Haematology, vol.5, issue.4, pp.475-486, 2004.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2002.03257.x

E. Tian, F. Zhan, and R. Walker, The Role of the Wnt-Signaling Antagonist DKK1 in the Development of Osteolytic Lesions in Multiple Myeloma, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.349, issue.26, pp.2483-2494, 2003.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa030847

T. Oshima, M. Abe, and J. Asano, Myeloma cells suppress bone formation by secreting a soluble Wnt inhibitor, sFRP-2, Blood, vol.106, issue.9, pp.3160-3165, 2005.
DOI : 10.1182/blood-2004-12-4940

H. Uchiyama, B. Barut, A. Mohrbacher, D. Chauhan, and K. Anderson, Adhesion of human myeloma-derived cell lines to bone marrow stromal cells stimulates interleukin-6 secretion, Blood, vol.82, pp.3712-3720, 1993.

B. Klein, X. Zhang, Z. Lu, and R. Bataille, Interleukin-6 in human multiple myeloma, Blood, vol.85, pp.863-872, 1995.

D. Gupta, S. Treon, and Y. Shima, Adherence of multiple myeloma cells to bone marrow stromal cells upregulates vascular endothelial growth factor secretion: therapeutic applications, Leukemia, vol.15, issue.12, pp.1950-1961, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.leu.2402295

T. Michigami, N. Shimizu, and P. Williams, Cell-cell contact between marrow stromal cells and myeloma cells via VCAM-1 and alpha(4)beta(1)-integrin enhances production of osteoclaststimulating activity, Blood, vol.96, pp.1953-1960, 2000.

S. Barille-nion, B. Barlogie, and R. Bataille, Advances in Biology and Therapy of Multiple Myeloma, Hematology, vol.2003, issue.1, pp.248-278, 2003.
DOI : 10.1182/asheducation-2003.1.248

T. Hayashi, T. Hideshima, and K. Anderson, Novel therapies for multiple myeloma, Br J Haematol, vol.120, pp.10-17, 2003.

M. Gregoretti, D. Gottardi, and P. Ghia, Characterization of bone marrow stromal cells from multiple myeloma, Leukemia Research, vol.18, issue.9, pp.675-682, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0145-2126(94)90067-1

F. Caligaris-cappio, L. Bergui, and M. Gregoretti, Role of bone marrow stromal cells in the growth of human multiple myeloma, Blood, vol.77, pp.2688-2693, 1991.

S. Wallace, M. Oken, K. Lunetta, A. Panoskaltsis-mortari, and A. Masellis, Abnormalities of bone marrow mesenchymal cells in multiple myeloma patients, Cancer, vol.271, issue.7, pp.1219-1230, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/1097-0142(20010401)91:7<1219::AID-CNCR1122>3.0.CO;2-1

D. Vos, J. Hose, D. Reme, and T. , Microarray-based understanding of normal and malignant plasma cells, Immunological Reviews, vol.61, issue.1, pp.86-104, 2006.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M409807200

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00149827

M. Lacy, K. Donovan, J. Heimbach, G. Ahmann, and J. Lust, Comparison of interleukin-1 beta expression by in situ hybridization in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma, Blood, vol.93, pp.300-305, 1999.

M. Borset, E. Helseth, B. Naume, and A. Waage, Lack of IL-1 secretion from human myeloma cells highly purified by immunomagnetic separation, British Journal of Haematology, vol.49, issue.Suppl. 5, pp.446-451, 1993.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1993.tb03331.x

V. Costes, M. Portier, Z. Lu, J. Rossi, R. Bataille et al., Interleukin-1 in multiple myeloma: producer cells and their role in the control of IL-6 production, British Journal of Haematology, vol.76, issue.4
DOI : 10.1038/332083a0

M. Ferlin, N. Noraz, C. Hertogh, J. Brochier, N. Taylor et al., Insulin-like growth factor induces the survival and proliferation of myeloma cells through an interleukin-6-independent transduction pathway, British Journal of Haematology, vol.179, issue.2, pp.626-634, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2000.02364.x

A. Zannettino, A. Farrugia, and A. Kortesidis, Elevated Serum Levels of Stromal-Derived Factor-1?? Are Associated with Increased Osteoclast Activity and Osteolytic Bone Disease in Multiple Myeloma Patients, Cancer Research, vol.65, issue.5, pp.1700-1709, 2005.
DOI : 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-1687

C. Gregory, H. Singh, A. Perry, and D. Prockop, The Wnt Signaling Inhibitor Dickkopf-1 Is Required for Reentry into the Cell Cycle of Human Adult Stem Cells from Bone Marrow, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.278, issue.30, pp.28067-28078, 2003.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M300373200

W. Gunn, A. Conley, L. Deininger, S. Olson, D. Prockop et al., A Crosstalk between Myeloma Cells and Marrow Stromal Cells Stimulates Production of DKK1 and IL-6: A Potential Role in the Development of Lytic Bone Disease and Tumor Progression in Multiple Myeloma, Stem Cells, vol.249, pp.986-991377, 2004.

L. Jan, S. Amy, C. Cazes, and A. , Angiopoietin-Like 4 Is a Proangiogenic Factor Produced during Ischemia and in Conventional Renal Cell Carcinoma, The American Journal of Pathology, vol.162, issue.5, pp.1521-1528, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64285-X

K. Bajou, C. Maillard, and M. Jost, Host-derived plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentration is critical for in vivo tumoral angiogenesis and growth, Oncogene, vol.23, issue.41
DOI : 10.1038/sj.onc.1207859

C. Maillard, M. Jost, and M. Romer, Host Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Promotes Human Skin Carcinoma Progression in a Stage-Dependent Manner, Neoplasia, vol.7, issue.1, pp.57-66, 2005.
DOI : 10.1593/neo.04406

N. Reinisch, R. Kirchmair, and C. Kahler, Attraction of human monocytes by the neuropeptide secretoneurin, FEBS Letters, vol.265, issue.1, pp.41-44, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-5793(93)81676-Q

T. Starnes, H. Broxmeyer, M. Robertson, and R. Hromas, Cutting Edge: IL-17D, a Novel Member of the IL-17 Family, Stimulates Cytokine Production and Inhibits Hemopoiesis, The Journal of Immunology, vol.169, issue.2, pp.642-646, 2002.
DOI : 10.4049/jimmunol.169.2.642

J. Jaubert, F. Jaubert, and N. Martin, Three new allelic mouse mutations that cause skeletal overgrowth involve the natriuretic peptide receptor C gene (Npr3), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.96, issue.18, pp.10278-10283, 1999.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.96.18.10278

D. French, R. Kaul, D. Souza, and A. , WISP-1 Is an Osteoblastic Regulator Expressed During Skeletal Development and Fracture Repair, The American Journal of Pathology, vol.165, issue.3, pp.855-867, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63348-2

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1618601

A. Grey, T. Banovic, and D. Naot, Lysophosphatidic Acid Is an Osteoblast Mitogen Whose Proliferative Actions Involve Gi Proteins and Protein Kinase C, But Not P42/44 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Endocrinology, vol.142, issue.3, pp.1098-1106, 2001.
DOI : 10.1210/en.142.3.1098

A. Grey, Q. Chen, K. Callon, X. Xu, I. Reid et al., The phospholipids sphingosine-1- phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid prevent apoptosis in osteoblastic cells via a signaling pathway involving G(i) proteins and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, Endocrinology, vol.14397, pp.4755-476313384, 2000.

M. Böttner, C. Suter-crazzolara, A. Schober, and K. Unsicker, Expression of a novel member of the TGF-beta superfamily, growth/differentiation factor-15/macrophage-inhibiting cytokine-1 (GDF- 15/MIC-1) in adult rat tissues, Cell Tissue Res, vol.297, pp.103-110, 1999.

A. Moore, D. Brown, and W. Fairlie, The transforming growth factor-ss superfamily cytokine macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 is present in high concentrations in the serum of pregnant women, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, vol.85, pp.4781-4788, 2000.

J. Koopmann, P. Buckhaults, and D. Brown, Serum Macrophage Inhibitory Cytokine 1 as a Marker of Pancreatic and Other Periampullary Cancers, Clinical Cancer Research, vol.10, issue.7, pp.2386-2392, 2004.
DOI : 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0165

A. Bauskin, D. Brown, and S. Junankar, The Propeptide Mediates Formation of Stromal Stores of PROMIC-1: Role in Determining Prostate Cancer Outcome, Cancer Research, vol.65, issue.6, pp.2330-2336, 2005.
DOI : 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-3827

D. Brown, R. Ward, and P. Buckhaults, MIC-1 serum level and genotype: associations with progress and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma, Clin Cancer Res, vol.9, pp.2642-2650, 2003.

C. Basil, Y. Zhao, and K. Zavaglia, Common Cancer Biomarkers, Cancer Research, vol.66, issue.6, pp.2953-2961, 2006.
DOI : 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3433

S. Subramaniam, J. Strelau, and K. Unsicker, Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Prevents Low Potassium-induced Cell Death of Cerebellar Granule Neurons by Differential Regulation of Akt and ERK Pathways, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.278, issue.11, pp.8904-8912, 2003.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M210037200