F. Locatelli, R. Pisoni, C. Combe, J. Bommer, V. Andreucci et al., Anaemia in haemodialysis patients of five European countries: association with morbidity and mortality in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol.19, issue.1, pp.121-132, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/ndt/gfg458

M. Rao and B. Pereira, Optimal anemia management reduces cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, and costs in chronic kidney disease, Kidney International, vol.68, issue.4, pp.1432-1438, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00554.x

F. Locatelli, P. Aljama, P. Barany, B. Canaud, F. Carrera et al., Practice Guidelines Working Group: Revised European best practice guidelines for the management of anaemia in patients with chronic renal failure, Nephrol Dial Transplant, vol.19, issue.2, pp.1-47, 2004.

T. Drueke, F. Locatelli, N. Clyne, K. Eckardt, I. Macdougall et al., Normalization of Hemoglobin Level in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Anemia, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.355, issue.20, pp.2071-2084, 2006.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa062276

A. Singh, L. Szczech, K. Tang, H. Barnhart, S. Sapp et al., Correction of Anemia with Epoetin Alfa in Chronic Kidney Disease, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.355, issue.20, pp.2085-2098, 2006.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa065485

G. Obrador, R. Ruthazer, P. Arora, A. Kausz, and B. Pereira, Prevalence of and factors associated with suboptimal care before initiation of dialysis in the United States, J Am Soc Nephrol, vol.10, pp.1793-1800, 1999.

G. Obrador, T. Roberts, S. Peter, W. Frazier, E. Pereira et al., Trends in anemia at initiation of dialysis in the United States, Kidney International, vol.60, issue.5, pp.1875-1884, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00002.x

W. Owen and . Jr, Patterns of Care for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in the United States: Dying for Improvement, Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, vol.14, issue.90002, pp.76-80, 2003.
DOI : 10.1097/01.ASN.0000070145.00225.EC

P. Jungers, C. Robino, G. Choukroun, T. Nguyen-khoa, Z. Massy et al., Incidence of anaemia, and use of epoetin therapy in pre-dialysis patients: a prospective study in 403 patients, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol.17, issue.9, pp.1621-1627, 2002.
DOI : 10.1093/ndt/17.9.1621

D. Nicola, L. Minutolo, R. Chiodini, P. Zoccali, C. Costellini et al., Global approach to cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: Reality and opportunities for intervention, Kidney International, vol.69, issue.3, pp.538-545, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ki.5000085

F. Valderrabano, W. Horl, I. Macdougall, J. Rossert, B. Rutkowski et al., PRE-dialysis survey on anaemia management, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol.18, issue.1, pp.89-100, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/ndt/18.1.89

W. Mcclellan, C. Jurkovitz, and J. Abramson, The epidemiology and control of anaemia among pre-ESRD patients with chronic kidney disease, European Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.77, issue.s3, pp.58-65, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/ndt/15.suppl_6.14

C. Burton, A. D. Taylor, H. Dunn, E. Feest, and T. , Management of anaemia in United Kingdom renal units: a report from the UK Renal Registry, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol.15, issue.7, pp.1022-1028, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/ndt/15.7.1022

R. Pisoni, J. Bragg-gresham, E. Young, T. Akizawa, Y. Asano et al., Anemia management and outcomes from 12 countries in the dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study (DOPPS), American Journal of Kidney Diseases, vol.44, issue.1, pp.94-111, 2004.
DOI : 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.03.023

P. Saudan, G. Halabi, T. Perneger, J. Wasserfallen, M. Kossovsky et al., Variability in quality of care among dialysis units in western Switzerland, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol.20, issue.9, pp.1854-1863, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/ndt/gfh972

K. Bannister and P. Snelling, National haemodialysis guidelines: An assessment of compliance from 2001-2003, Nephrology, vol.24, issue.2, pp.90-96, 2001.
DOI : 10.1097/01.ASN.0000027978.98194.1F

C. Couchoud, B. Stengel, P. Landais, J. Aldigier, F. De-cornelissen et al., The renal epidemiology and information network (REIN): a new registry for end-stage renal disease in France, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol.21, issue.2, pp.411-418, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/ndt/gfi198
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00452918

A. Levey, J. Coresh, E. Balk, A. Kausz, A. Levin et al., National Kidney Foundation Practice Guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease: Evaluation, Classification, and Stratification, Annals of Internal Medicine, vol.139, issue.2, pp.137-147, 2003.
DOI : 10.7326/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00013
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.522.5582

R. Steinbrook, Haemoglobin concentrations in chronic kidney disease, The Lancet, vol.368, issue.9554, pp.2191-2193, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69707-9

M. Kessler, L. Frimat, V. Panescu, and S. Briançon, Impact of nephrology referral on early and midterm outcomes in ESRD: EPid??miologie de l???Insuffisance REnale chronique terminale en Lorraine (EPIREL): results of a 2-year, prospective, community-based study, American Journal of Kidney Diseases, vol.42, issue.3, pp.474-485, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0272-6386(03)00805-9

N. Thilly, S. Boini, M. Kessler, S. Briançon, and L. Frimat, Nephrology referral and appropriateness of therapeutic drugs care in chronic kidney disease, J nephrol, vol.19, pp.303-311, 2006.

C. Hsu, D. Bates, G. Kuperman, and G. Curhan, Relationship between hematocrit and renal function in men and women, Kidney International, vol.59, issue.2, pp.725-731, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.059002725.x

A. Wang and K. Lai, The importance of residual renal function in dialysis patients, Kidney International, vol.69, issue.10, pp.1726-1732, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ki.5000382

E. Ritz, Managing anaemia and diabetes: a future challenge for nephrologists, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, vol.20, issue.suppl_6, pp.21-25, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/ndt/gfh1093

H. Nivet, C. Maingourd, and M. F. , Démographie des néphrologues en France en, Néphrologie, vol.24, pp.431-436, 2002.

C. Jacobs, D. Frei, and A. Perkins, Results of the European Survey on Anaemia Management): current status of anaemia management in dialysis patients, factors affecting epoetin dosage and changes in anaemia management over the last 5 years, Nephrol Dial Transplant, vol.20, issue.3, pp.3-24, 2003.